Walled Obelisk

"Constantine Obelisk" redirects here. For the column also in Istanbul, see Constantine's Column.
Walled Obelisk
The Walled Obelisk (after repairs), looking northwest.
LocationHippodrome of Constantinople (today Sultanahmet Square, Istanbul, Turkey)
Walled Obelisk is located in Istanbul
Walled Obelisk
Location of Walled Obelisk in Istanbul

The Walled Obelisk or Masonry Obelisk (Turkish: Örme Dikilitaş) is a Roman monument in the form of an obelisk in the former Hippodrome of Constantinople, now Sultanahmet Square in Istanbul, Turkey. It is situated west of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, at the southern end of the ancient chariot-racing track of Constantinople's central barrier, beside the Obelisk of Theodosius and the Serpentine Column. Its original construction date in late antiquity is unknown, but it is sometimes named Constantine's Obelisk (Konstantin Dikilitaşı) after the inscription added by the Roman emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, who repaired it in the 10th century.

History

Walled Obelisk, (left) the Serpent Column (centre) and the Obelisk of Theodosius (right). At Meydanı (Hippodrome of Constantinople), 1853

The 32 m (105 ft)-high obelisk was most likely a Theodosian construction, built to mirror the Obelisk of Theodosius on the spina of the Roman circus of Constantinople; the Circus Maximus in Rome also had two obelisks on its spina.[1]

The 10th-century emperor Constantine VII had the monument restored and coated with plates of gilt bronze; a Greek inscription in iambic trimeter was added at this time.[1] The inscription mentions the repair works carried out by Constantine VII and compares it to the colossus in Rhodes.[2] In addition to this the inscription also mentions the name of his son and successor, Romanos II.[2]

By the 10th and 11th centuries, the obelisk was referred to as the 'tower of brass' in the medieval Arab world, although accounts sometimes confused it with the Obelisk of Theodosius. The late 12th-early 13th-century writer al-Harawi was the source for several Arabic geographers' inclusion of a detail about the monument: the Byzantines put potsherds and nuts amongst the masonry in order to see them crack when strong winds would cause the stones to shift.[3]

At that time, it was decorated with gilded bronze plaques that portrayed the victories of Basil I, the grandfather of Constantine VII.

The obelisk's gilded bronze plaques were removed and melted down by the Fourth Crusaders in 1204.[1]

Since young Janissaries liked to show their prowess by climbing the obelisk, the masonry suffered further damage to its surface.

The Walled Obelisk was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknotes of 1953–1976.[4]

Inscription

The inscription in iambic trimeters commemorating the Obelisk's restoration by Constantine VII is as follows:[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c Iversen, Erik (1972). Obelisks in Exile, volume II: The Obelisks of Istanbul and England. Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad. p. 16-17. ISBN 87-12-35883-5. OCLC 462820.
  2. ^ a b c "Walled Obelisk". Madain Project. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  3. ^ Iversen, Erik (1972). Obelisks in Exile, volume II: The Obelisks of Istanbul and England. Copenhagen: G. E. C. Gad. p. 20. ISBN 87-12-35883-5. OCLC 462820.
  4. ^ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Archived 2009-06-15 at the Wayback Machine. Banknote Museum: 5. Emission Group – Five Hundred Turkish Lira – I. Series Archived 2009-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, II. Series Archived 2009-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, III. Series Archived 2009-02-04 at the Wayback Machine & IV. Series Archived 2009-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.

Bibliography

41°00′19.43″N 28°58′29.44″E / 41.0053972°N 28.9748444°E / 41.0053972; 28.9748444