WISE 0458+6434

WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9

WISE 0458+6434 is the small green dot in the centre.
Observation data Epoch MJD 55453.42[1]      Equinox J2000[1]
Constellation	Camelopardalis
Right ascension	04^h 58^m 53.93^s[1]
Declination	+64° 34′ 52.72″[1]
Characteristics
Whole system
Apparent magnitude (Y (FanCam))	18.34 ± 0.07[2]
Apparent magnitude (J (2MASS filter system))	17.47 ± 0.05[1]
Apparent magnitude (H (2MASS filter system))	17.41 ± 0.06[1]
Component A
Spectral type	T8.5[3][4][5]
Apparent magnitude (J (MKO filter system))	17.50 ± 0.07[4]
Apparent magnitude (H (MKO filter system))	17.77 ± 0.11[4]
Component B
Spectral type	T9.5[4][5]
Apparent magnitude (J (MKO filter system))	18.48 ± 0.07[4]
Apparent magnitude (H (MKO filter system))	18.79 ± 0.11[4]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 136 ± 45[6] mas/yr Dec.: 317 ± 22[6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	108.3 ± 1.7 mas[7]
Distance	30.1 ± 0.5 ly (9.2 ± 0.1 pc)
Orbit[7]
Primary	A
Companion	B
Period (P)	43+7 −12 yr
Semi-major axis (a)	5+0.3 −0.6 au
Eccentricity (e)	0.18+0.09 −0.18
Inclination (i)	76.5+1.5 −2.3°
Details
Component A
Mass	15[3][~ 1] MJup
Surface gravity (log g)	5.0–5.5[2][~ 2] cgs
Temperature	600[3][~ 1] K
Metallicity	0 ([Fe/H])[2][~ 2]
Component B
Mass	10[3][~ 1] MJup
Temperature	500[3] [~ 1] K
Position (relative to A)
Component	B
Epoch of observation	UT 2011 August 29
Angular distance	455.1 ± 4.2 mas [4]
Position angle	322.9 ± 0.4° [4]
Projected separation	5 ± 0.4 AU [3]
Other designations
WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9[2] WISEPA J045853.89+643452.9[1] WISE J0458+6434[1] WISE 0458+6434[1] WISEPC J0458+64[2]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9 (designation is abbreviated to WISE 0458+6434) is a binary system of two (A and B) ultracool brown dwarfs of spectral classes T8.5 and T9.5, respectively,[4][5] located in constellation Camelopardalis at approximately 47 ly from Earth.[6]

History of observations

Discovery

WISE 0458+6434 A was discovered in 2010 by A. Mainzer et al. from data, collected by Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Earth-orbiting satellite — NASA infrared-wavelength 40 cm (16 in) space telescope, which mission lasted from December 2009 to February 2011.

In 2010 Mainzer et al. had conducted follow-up observations of WISE 0458+6434:

on 2010 March 17 (UT) YJH photometry with FanCam, an infrared imager operating at the University of Virginia’s Fan Mountain 31 in telescope;

on 2010 March 19 (UT) 1.5–2.3 μm spectroscopy with LUCIFER near-infrared camera/spectrograph at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT);

on 2010 Sep 12 (UT) 0.8–2.5 μm spectroscopy with SpeX on the 3.0 m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea.

In early 2011 Mainzer et al. published a paper in The Astrophysical Journal, where they presented discovery of one new found by WISE brown dwarf — ultra-cool object WISE 0458+6434. This object became the first brown dwarf, found by WISE.[2]

Several months later, also in 2011, Kirkpatrick et al. published a paper in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, where they presented characteristics of 104 first discovered by WISE brown dwarf systems — 98 new found systems and six systems, presented in published earlier papers (one in Mainzer et al. (2011), and five in Burgasser et al. (2011)[8]), among which also was WISE 0458+6434.[1]

Discovery of the companion

WISE 0458+6434 B was discovered in 2011 by Gelino et al., when they examined for binarity nine brown dwarfs using Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics system (LGS-AO) on Keck II telescope on Mauna Kea; seven of these nine brown dwarfs were also newfound, and two were discovered before, including WISE 0458+6434. These observations had indicated that two of these nine brown dwarfs, including WISE 0458+6434, are binary. Angular separation of WISE 0458+6434 components was 80 mas.[3] Component B is also of late T-type — T9.5[4] (initially was estimated as T9).[3]

Distance

Currently the most accurate distance estimate of WISE 0458+6434 is a trigonometric parallax, measured using Spitzer Space Telescope and published in 2013 by Trent Dupuy and Adam Kraus: 0.070 ± 0.019 arcsec, corresponding to a distance 14.3^+5.3
_−3.0 pc, or 46.6^+17.4
_−9.9 ly.[6]

WISE 0458+6434 distance estimates

Source	Parallax, mas	Distance, pc	Distance, ly	Ref.
Mainzer et al. (2011) (spectrophotometric)		6–8	19.6–26.1	[2]
Mainzer et al. (2011) (photometric)		9.0 ± 1.9	29.4 ± 6.2	[2]
Mainzer et al. (2011) (combined)		6–10	19.6–32.6	[2][9]
Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) (spectrophotometric, assuming a single source)		~7.3	~23.8	[1]
Gelino et al. (2011), (according to Kirkpatrick et al. (2011), Appendix I.)		12.3 ± 2.3	40.1 ± 7.5	[1]
Gelino et al. (2011)		10.5 ± 1.4	34.2 ± 4.6	[3]
Burgasser et al. (2012) (component A)		10.5 ± 1.8	34.2 ± 5.9	[4]
Burgasser et al. (2012) (component B)		11.2 ± 2.2	36.5 ± 7.2	[4]
Burgasser et al. (2012) (combined A + B)		~11	~35.9	[5]
Dupuy & Kraus (2013)	70 ± 19[~ 3]	14.3^+5.3 −3.0	46.6^+17.4 −9.9	[6]

Non-trigonometric distance estimates are marked in italic. The best estimate is marked in bold.

Space motion

WISE 0458+6434 has proper motion of about 347 milliarcseconds per year.[6]

WISE 0458+6434 proper motion estimates

Source	μ, mas/yr	P. A., °	μRA, mas/yr	μDEC, mas/yr	Ref.
Mainzer et al. (2011)	253	51	196.8 ± 29.1	159.3 ± 29.1	[2]
Kirkpatrick et al. (2011)	219	57	185 ± 141	118 ± 149	[1]
Dupuy & Kraus (2013)	347 ± 26	23 ± 7	136 ± 45	317 ± 22	[6]

The most accurate estimates are marked in bold.

Physical properties

The brown dwarfs' temperature estimates are 600 K, or 327 °C (A)[3] and 500 K, or 227 °C (B),[3] both cooler than Venus.

NH₃ in the spectrum of component B

According proposed by Cushing et al. in 2011 T/Y transition standard,[10] WISE J0458+6434 B does not relate to Y-type. However, its spectrum has feature similar to those in the spectra of the Y0 dwarfs WISE 1405+5534 and WISE 1738+2732, which were tentatively attributed to NH₃ (ammonia) absorption[4][10] — a compelling evidence for NH₃ absorption.[4]

See also

The other five earliest brown dwarf discoveries from data collected by WISE:

• published by Burgasser et al. (2011):[8]
  • WISE 1617+1807 (T8, young and cloudy)
  • WISE 1812+2721 (T8.5:, cloudless)
  • WISE 2018-7423 (T7, possibly cloudy)
  • WISE 2313-8037 (T8, also young and cloudy)
  • WISE 2359-7335 (T5.5, cloudless)

The other eight objects, checked for binarity by Gelino et al. (2011) on Keck II:[3]

• binarity found:
  • WISE 1841+7000 (T5 + T5, newfound)
• binarity not found:
  • WISE 0750+2725 (T8.5, newfound[~ 4])
  • WISE 1322–2340 (T8, newfound)
  • WISE 1614+1739 (T9, newfound)
  • WISE 1617+1807 (T8, discovered before by Burgasser et al. (2011)[8])
  • WISE 1627+3255 (T6, newfound)
  • WISE 1653+4444 (T8, newfound)
  • WISE 1741+2553 (T9, newfound)

Notes

1. For an assumed system age of 1 Gyr.
2. This estimate is related to WISE 0458+6434 (not to component A individually), when its binarity was not yet uncovered.
3. Relative parallax.
4. Presented in Gelino et al. (2011), but this is not mentioned in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) and Kirkpatrick et al. (2012) — according these two articles, the only discovery paper of WISE 0750+2725 is Kirkpatrick et al. (2011).

References

1. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E.; Petty, Sara M.; Stanford, Spencer Adam; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Bailey, Vanessa; Beichman, Charles A.; Bloom, Joshua S.; Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Capak, Peter L.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Hinz, Philip M.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Knox, Russell P.; Manohar, Swarnima; Masters, Daniel; Morales-Calderon, Maria; Prato, Lisa A.; Rodigas, Timothy J.; Salvato, Mara; Schurr, Steven D.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Stern, Daniel; Stock, Nathan D.; Vacca, William D. (2011). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 197 (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677v1. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. S2CID 16850733.
2. Mainzer, Amy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Masci, Frank; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, Didier; Wright, Edward L.; Beaton, Rachael L.; Dietrich, Matthias; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Garnavich, Peter; Kuhn, Olga; Leisawitz, David T.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McLean, Ian S.; Padgett, Deborah; Rueff, Katherine (2011). "The First Ultra-cool Brown Dwarf Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal. 726 (1): 30. arXiv:1011.2279. Bibcode:2011ApJ...726...30M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/30. S2CID 20700414.
3. Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Mainzer, Amanda (Amy) K.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "WISE Brown Dwarf Binaries: The Discovery of a T5+T5 and a T8.5+T9 System". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (2): 57. arXiv:1106.3142. Bibcode:2011AJ....142...57G. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/2/57. S2CID 51345460.
4. Burgasser, Adam J.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2012). "Resolved Spectroscopy of a Brown Dwarf Binary at the T Dwarf/Y Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 745 (1): 26. arXiv:1110.4664. Bibcode:2012ApJ...745...26B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/26. S2CID 9097052.
5. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, Chris G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. S2CID 119279752.
6. Dupuy, Trent J.; Kraus, Adam L. (2013). "Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects". Science. 341 (6153): 1492–5. arXiv:1309.1422. Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1492D. doi:10.1126/science.1241917. PMID 24009359. S2CID 30379513.
7. Leggett, S. K.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Best, William M. J.; Liu, Michael C.; Apai, D.; Casewell, S. L.; Geballe, T. R.; Gizis, John E.; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Rieke, Marcia; Wright, G. S. (2019-09-01). "3.8 μm Imaging of 400-600 K Brown Dwarfs and Orbital Constraints for WISEP J045853.90+643452.6AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 882 (2): 117. arXiv:1907.07798. Bibcode:2019ApJ...882..117L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3393. ISSN 0004-637X.
8. Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Looper, Dagny L.; Tinney, Christopher; Simcoe, Robert A.; Bochanski, John J.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Bauer, James M.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "Fire Spectroscopy of Five Late-type T Dwarfs Discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer". The Astrophysical Journal. 735 (2): 116. arXiv:1104.2537. Bibcode:2011ApJ...735..116B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/116. S2CID 19003973.
9. WISE: First Ultra-cool Brown Dwarf
10. Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. S2CID 286881.