United States women's Olympic water polo team records and statistics

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Olympic water polo
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This article lists various water polo records and statistics in relation to the United States women's national water polo team at the Summer Olympics.

The United States women's national water polo team has participated in 7 of 7 official women's water polo tournaments.[1]

Abbreviations

Apps Appearances Rk Rank Ref Reference Cap No. Water polo cap number
Pos Playing position FP Field player GK Goalkeeper ISHOF International Swimming Hall of Fame
L/R Handedness L Left-handed R Right-handed Oly debut Olympic debut in water polo
(C) Captain p. page pp. pages

Team statistics

See also: National team appearances in the women's Olympic water polo tournament

Comprehensive results by tournament

Note: Results of Olympic qualification tournaments are not included. Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend
  •  1st  – Champions
  •  2nd  – Runners-up
  •  3rd  – Third place
  •  4th  – Fourth place
  •  Q  – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
  •     – Hosts
Women's team[1] 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Years
 United States 2nd 3rd 2nd 1st 1st 1st 4th 7
Total teams 6 8 8 8 8 10 10

Number of appearances

Last updated: 11 August 2024.

Legend
  • Year* – As host team
Women's team[1] Apps Record
streak		 Active
streak		 Debut Most
recent		 Best finish Confederation
 United States 7 7 7 2000 2024 Champions Americas – UANA

Best finishes

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend
  • Year* – As host team
Women's team[1] Best finish Apps Confederation
 United States Champions (2012, 2016, 2020) 7 Americas – UANA

Finishes in the top four

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend
  • Year* – As host team
Women's team[1] Total Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place First Last
 United States 7 3 (2012, 2016, 2020) 2 (2000, 2008) 1 (2004) 1 (2024) 2000 2024

Medal table

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Women's teamGoldSilverBronzeTotal
 United States (USA)3216

Player statistics

Multiple appearances

See also: List of players who have appeared in multiple women's Olympic water polo tournaments

The following table is pre-sorted by number of Olympic appearances (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), date of birth (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

  • Number of five-time Olympians: 0
  • Number of four-time Olympians: 2
  • Number of three-time Olympians: 1
  • Last updated: 26 July 2021.
Legend
  •     – Hosts
Female athletes who competed in water polo at three or more Olympics
Apps Player Birth Pos Water polo tournaments Age of
first/last		 ISHOF
member		 Note Ref
1 2 3 4 5
4 Heather Petri 1978 FP 2000 2004 2008 2012 22/34 [2]
Brenda Villa 1980 FP 2000 2004 2008 2012 20/32 2018 [3]
3 Kami Craig 1987 FP 2008 2012 2016 21/29 [4]

Multiple medalists

See also: List of Olympic medalists in water polo (women)

The following table is pre-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of receiving the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of receiving the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

  • Number of four-time Olympic medalists: 2
  • Number of three-time Olympic medalists: 3
  • Number of two-time Olympic medalists: 18
  • Last updated: 10 August 2021.
Legend
  •     – Hosts
Female athletes who won two or more Olympic medals in water polo
Rk Player Birth Height Pos Water polo tournaments Period
(age of
first/last)		 Medals Ref
1 2 3 4 5 G S B T
1 Heather Petri 1978 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		 FP 2000 2004 2008 2012 12 years
(22/34)		 1 2 1 4 [2]
Brenda Villa 1980 1.63 m
(5 ft 4 in)		 FP 2000 2004 2008 2012 12 years
(20/32)		 1 2 1 4 [3]
3 Melissa Seidemann 1990 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in)		 FP 2012 2016 2020 9 years
(22/31)		 3 0 0 3 [5]
Maggie Steffens 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		 FP 2012 2016 2020 9 years
(19/28)		 3 0 0 3 [6]
5 Kami Craig 1987 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in)		 FP 2008 2012 2016 8 years
(21/29)		 2 1 0 3 [4]
6 Courtney Mathewson 1986 1.71 m
(5 ft 7 in)		 FP 2012 2016 4 years
(25/29)		 2 0 0 2 [7]
Rachel Fattal 1993 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in)		 FP 2016 2020 5 years
(22/27)		 2 0 0 2 [8]
Aria Fischer 1999 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in)		 FP 2016 2020 5 years
(17/22)		 2 0 0 2 [9]
Makenzie Fischer 1997 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)		 FP 2016 2020 5 years
(19/24)		 2 0 0 2 [10]
Kaleigh Gilchrist 1992 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in)		 FP 2016 2020 5 years
(24/29)		 2 0 0 2 [11]
Ashleigh Johnson 1994 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)		 GK 2016 2020 5 years
(21/26)		 2 0 0 2 [12]
Maddie Musselman 1998 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		 FP 2016 2020 5 years
(18/23)		 2 0 0 2 [13]
13 Elizabeth Armstrong 1983 1.88 m
(6 ft 2 in)		 GK 2008 2012 4 years
(25/29)		 1 1 0 2 [14]
Jessica Steffens 1987 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in)		 FP 2008 2012 4 years
(21/25)		 1 1 0 2 [15]
Lauren Wenger 1984 1.91 m
(6 ft 3 in)		 FP 2008 2012 4 years
(24/28)		 1 1 0 2 [16]
Elsie Windes 1985 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in)		 FP 2008 2012 4 years
(23/27)		 1 1 0 2 [17]
17 Kelly Rulon 1984 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in)		 FP 2004 2012 8 years
(20/27)		 1 0 1 2 [18]
18 Robin Beauregard 1979 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in)		 FP 2000 2004 4 years
(21/25)		 0 1 1 2 [19]
Ellen Estes 1978 1.82 m
(6 ft 0 in)		 FP 2000 2004 4 years
(21/25)		 0 1 1 2 [20]
Ericka Lorenz 1981 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		 FP 2000 2004 4 years
(19/23)		 0 1 1 2 [21]
Heather Moody 1973 1.82 m
(6 ft 0 in)		 FP 2000 2004 4 years
(27/31)		 0 1 1 2 [22]
Nicolle Payne 1976 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in)		 GK 2000 2004 4 years
(24/28)		 0 1 1 2 [23]
Natalie Golda 1981 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in)		 FP 2004 2008 4 years
(22/26)		 0 1 1 2 [24]
Rk Player Birth Height Pos 1 2 3 4 5 Period
(age of
first/last)		 G S B T Ref
Water polo tournaments Medals

Top goalscorers

See also: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers

The following table is pre-sorted by number of total goals (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

  • Number of goalscorers (40+ goals): 1
  • Number of goalscorers (30–39 goals): 2
  • Number of goalscorers (20–29 goals): 1
  • Last updated: 12 August 2021.
Legend
  •     – Hosts
Female players with 20 or more goals at the Olympics
Rk Player Birth L/R Total
goals		 Water polo tournaments
(goals)		 Age of
first/last		 ISHOF
member		 Note Ref
1 2 3 4 5
1 Maggie Steffens 1993 Right 56 2012
(21)		 2016
(17)		 2020
(18)		 19/28 [6]
2 Brenda Villa 1980 Right 31 2000
(9)		 2004
(7)		 2008
(9)		 2012
(6)		 20/32 2018 [25]
3 Maddie Musselman 1998 Right 30 2016
(12)		 2020
(18)		 18/23 [13]
4 Makenzie Fischer 1997 Right 21 2016
(7)		 2020
(14)		 19/24 [10]

Source:

  • Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219), 2020 (pp. 273–274).

Goalkeepers

See also: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers

The following table is pre-sorted by edition of the Olympics (in ascending order), cap number or name of the goalkeeper (in ascending order), respectively.

Last updated: 1 April 2021.

Legend and abbreviation
  •     – Hosts
  • Eff % – Save efficiency (Saves / Shots)
Year Cap
No.		 Goalkeeper Birth Age Saves Shots Eff % ISHOF
member		 Note Ref
2000 1 Bernice Orwig 1976 23 39 59 66.1% [26]
11 Nicolle Payne 1976 24 19 38 50.0% [23]
2004 1 Jacqueline Frank 1980 24 41 68 60.3% Starting goalkeeper [27]
12 Nicolle Payne (2) 1976 28 0 0 — [23]
2008 1 Elizabeth Armstrong 1983 25 49 92 53.3% Starting goalkeeper [14]
13 Jaime Komer 1981 26 1 2 50.0% [28]
2012 1 Elizabeth Armstrong (2) 1983 29 53 101 52.5% Starting goalkeeper [14]
13 Tumua Anae 1988 23 0 0 — [29]
2016 1 Samantha Hill 1992 24 6 10 60.0% [30]
13 Ashleigh Johnson 1994 21 51 79 64.6% Starting goalkeeper [12]
Year Cap
No.		 Goalkeeper Birth Age Saves Shots Eff % ISHOF
member		 Note Ref

Source:

  • Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219).

Top sprinters

The following table is pre-sorted by number of total sprints won (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the sprinter (in ascending order), respectively.

  • Number of sprinters (30+ sprints won): 0
  • Number of sprinters (20–29 sprints won): 0
  • Number of sprinters (10–19 sprints won): 2
  • Number of sprinters (5–9 sprints won): 1
  • Last updated: 15 May 2021.
Legend and abbreviation
  •     – Hosts
  • Eff % – Efficiency (Sprints won / Sprints contested)
Female players with 5 or more sprints won at the Olympics
Rk Sprinter Birth Total
sprints
won		 Total
sprints
contested		 Eff % Water polo tournaments
(sprints won / contested)		 Age of
first/last		 ISHOF
member		 Note Ref
1 2 3 4 5
1 Rachel Fattal 1993 17 23 73.9% 2016
(17/23)		 22/22 [8]
2 Heather Petri 1978 13 18 72.2% 2000
(1/1)		 2004
(0/0)		 2008
(11/15)		 2012
(1/2)		 22/34 [2]
3 Margaret Dingeldein 1980 5 5 100.0% 2004
(5/5)		 24/24 [31]

Source:

  • Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219).

Coach statistics

See also: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics § Coach statistics

Most successful coaches

The following table is pre-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of winning the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of winning the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the coach (in ascending order), respectively. Last updated: 5 May 2021.

Guy Baker guided the United States women's team to three Olympic medals in a row between 2000 and 2008.[32][33]

Adam Krikorian coached the United States women's national team to two consecutive Olympic gold medals in 2012 and 2016.[34][33]

Legend
  •     – Hosts
Head coaches who led women's national teams to win two or more Olympic medals
Rk Head coach Nationality Birth Age Women's team Tournaments
(finish)		 Period Medals Ref
1 2 3 G S B T
1 Guy Baker  United States  United States 2000
(2nd)		 2004
(3rd)		 2008
(2nd)		 8
years		 0 2 1 3 [32]
[33]
2 Adam Krikorian  United States 1974 38–42  United States 2012
(1st)		 2016
(1st)		 4
years		 2 0 0 2 [34]
[33]

Olympic champions

See also: List of Olympic champions in women's water polo

2012 Summer Olympics

  • Edition of women's tournament: 4th
  • Host city: United Kingdom London, United Kingdom
  • Number of participating teams: 8
  • Competition format: Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
  • Champion:  United States (1st title; 2nd place in preliminary A group)
Match Round Date Cap
color		 Opponent Result Goals
for		 Goals
against		 Goals
diff.
Match 1/6 Preliminary round – Group A 30 July 2012   Blue  Hungary Won 14 13 1
Match 2/6 Preliminary round – Group A 1 August 2012   Blue  Spain Drawn 9 9 0
Match 3/6 Preliminary round – Group A 3 August 2012   Blue  China Won 7 6 1
Match 4/6 Quarter-finals 5 August 2012   White  Italy Won 9 6 3
Match 5/6 Semi-finals 7 August 2012   White  Australia Won 11 9 2
Match 6/6 Gold medal match 9 August 2012   White  Spain Won 8 5 3
Total Matches played: 6 • Wins: 5 • Ties: 1 • Defeats: 0 • Win %: 83.3% 58 48 10

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2012 (pp. 294, 300, 310, 312, 324, 334).

Brenda Villa was the captain of the United States at the 2012 Olympics.
Roster
Cap
No.		 Player Pos L/R Height Weight Date of birth Age of
winning gold		 Oly
debut		 ISHOF
member
1 Elizabeth Armstrong GK R 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) 77 kg (170 lb) 31 January 1983 29 years, 191 days No
2 Heather Petri FP R 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 73 kg (161 lb) 13 June 1978 34 years, 57 days No
3 Melissa Seidemann FP R 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 104 kg (229 lb) 26 June 1990 22 years, 44 days Yes
4 Brenda Villa (C) FP R 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) 79 kg (174 lb) 18 April 1980 32 years, 113 days No 2018
5 Lauren Wenger FP R 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) 77 kg (170 lb) 11 March 1984 28 years, 151 days No
6 Maggie Steffens FP R 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) 70 kg (154 lb) 4 June 1993 19 years, 66 days Yes
7 Courtney Mathewson FP R 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) 71 kg (157 lb) 14 September 1986 25 years, 330 days Yes
8 Jessica Steffens FP R 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 75 kg (165 lb) 7 April 1987 25 years, 124 days No
9 Elsie Windes FP R 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) 70 kg (154 lb) 17 June 1985 27 years, 53 days No
10 Kelly Rulon FP R 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) 61 kg (134 lb) 16 August 1984 27 years, 359 days No
11 Annika Dries FP R 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) 88 kg (194 lb) 10 February 1992 20 years, 181 days Yes
12 Kami Craig FP R 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) 88 kg (194 lb) 21 July 1987 25 years, 19 days No
13 Tumua Anae GK R 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 70 kg (154 lb) 16 October 1988 23 years, 298 days Yes
Average 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 77 kg (170 lb) 5 May 1986 26 years, 96 days
Coach Adam Krikorian 22 July 1974 38 years, 18 days

Note: Jessica Steffens and Maggie Steffens are sisters.
Sources:

Abbreviation
  • MP – Matches played
  • Min – Minutes
  • G – Goals
  • Sh – Shots
  • AS – Assists
  • TF – Turnover fouls
  • ST – Steals
  • BL – Blocked shots
  • SP – Sprints
  • 20S – 20 seconds exclusion
  • DE – Double exclusion
  • Pen – Penalty
  • EX – Exclusion
Statistics
Cap
No.		 Player Pos MP Minutes played Goals/Shots AS TF ST BL Sprints Personal fouls
Min % G Sh % Won SP % 20S DE Pen EX
1 Elizabeth Armstrong GK 6 198 100% 1
2 Heather Petri FP 6 61 30.8% 1 12 8.3% 2 3 1 1 2 50.0% 2
3 Melissa Seidemann FP 6 95 48.0% 7 20 35.0% 1 5 1 1 8 2 1 2
4 Brenda Villa (C) FP 6 153 77.3% 6 24 25.0% 12 4 4 5 2 1
5 Lauren Wenger FP 6 161 81.3% 2 11 18.2% 6 8 4 10 1 13 7.7% 2
6 Maggie Steffens FP 6 157 79.3% 21 27 77.8% 8 8 10 2 7 3
7 Courtney Mathewson FP 6 95 48.0% 7 21 33.3% 1 4 1 1
8 Jessica Steffens FP 6 83 41.9% 1 4 25.0% 2 6 2 2 14 1 3
9 Elsie Windes FP 6 98 49.5% 1 8 12.5% 5 6 2 3 11 3 3
10 Kelly Rulon FP 6 112 56.6% 4 12 33.3% 5 5 1 1 4 11 36.4% 2
11 Annika Dries FP 6 65 32.8% 2 5 40.0% 1 11 1 2 2
12 Kami Craig FP 6 108 54.5% 6 9 66.7% 2 17 2 1 2
13 Tumua Anae GK 6 0 0.0%
Team 7
Total 6 198 100% 58 153 37.9% 44 82 31 29 6 26 23.1% 53 3 8 8
Against 48 184 26.1% 31 65 42 14 20 26 76.9% 61 3 4 4
Cap
No.		 Player Pos Saves/Shots
Saves Shots %
1 Elizabeth Armstrong GK 53 101 52.5%
13 Tumua Anae GK
Total 53 101 52.5%

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2012 (p. 368).

2016 Summer Olympics

  • Edition of women's tournament: 5th
  • Host city: Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Number of participating teams: 8
  • Competition format: Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
  • Champion:  United States (2nd title; 1st place in preliminary B group)
Match Round Date Cap
color		 Opponent Result Goals
for		 Goals
against		 Goals
diff.
Match 1/6 Preliminary round – Group B 9 August 2016   Blue  Spain Won 11 4 7
Match 2/6 Preliminary round – Group B 11 August 2016   Blue  China Won 12 4 8
Match 3/6 Preliminary round – Group B 13 August 2016   Blue  Hungary Won 11 6 5
Match 4/6 Quarter-finals 15 August 2016   Blue  Brazil Won 13 3 10
Match 5/6 Semi-finals 17 August 2016   Blue  Hungary Won 14 10 4
Match 6/6 Gold medal match 19 August 2016   White  Italy Won 12 5 7
Total Matches played: 6 • Wins: 6 • Ties: 0 • Defeats: 0 • Win %: 100% 73 32 41

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2016 (pp. 142, 148, 158, 168, 176, 184).

Roster
Cap
No.		 Player Pos L/R Height Weight Date of birth Age of
winning gold		 Oly
debut		 ISHOF
member
1 Samantha Hill GK R 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 89 kg (196 lb) 8 June 1992 24 years, 72 days Yes
2 Maddie Musselman FP R 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) 65 kg (143 lb) 16 June 1998 18 years, 64 days Yes
3 Melissa Seidemann FP R 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 104 kg (229 lb) 26 June 1990 26 years, 54 days No
4 Rachel Fattal FP R 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) 65 kg (143 lb) 10 December 1993 22 years, 253 days Yes
5 Caroline Clark FP R 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) 72 kg (159 lb) 28 June 1990 26 years, 52 days Yes
6 Maggie Steffens (C) FP R 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) 74 kg (163 lb) 4 June 1993 23 years, 76 days No
7 Courtney Mathewson FP R 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) 69 kg (152 lb) 14 September 1986 29 years, 340 days No
8 Kiley Neushul FP R 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) 65 kg (143 lb) 5 March 1993 23 years, 167 days Yes
9 Aria Fischer FP R 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 78 kg (172 lb) 2 March 1999 17 years, 170 days Yes
10 Kaleigh Gilchrist FP R 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) 77 kg (170 lb) 16 May 1992 24 years, 95 days Yes
11 Makenzie Fischer FP R 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) 74 kg (163 lb) 29 March 1997 19 years, 143 days Yes
12 Kami Craig FP R 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) 88 kg (194 lb) 21 July 1987 29 years, 29 days No
13 Ashleigh Johnson GK R 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) 81 kg (179 lb) 12 September 1994 21 years, 342 days Yes
Average 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 77 kg (170 lb) 1 February 1993 23 years, 200 days
Coach Adam Krikorian 22 July 1974 42 years, 28 days

Note: Aria Fischer and Makenzie Fischer are sisters.
Sources:

Abbreviation
  • MP – Matches played
  • Min – Minutes
  • G – Goals
  • Sh – Shots
  • AS – Assists
  • TF – Turnover fouls
  • ST – Steals
  • BL – Blocked shots
  • SP – Sprints
  • 20S – 20 seconds exclusion
  • DE – Double exclusion
  • Pen – Penalty
  • EX – Exclusion
Statistics
Cap
No.		 Player Pos MP Minutes played Goals/Shots AS TF ST BL Sprints Personal fouls
Min % G Sh % Won SP % 20S DE Pen EX
1 Samantha Hill GK 6 15 7.8%
2 Maddie Musselman FP 6 116 60.4% 12 25 48.0% 7 4 3 4 1
3 Melissa Seidemann FP 6 95 49.5% 3 11 27.3% 1 8 3 2 5
4 Rachel Fattal FP 6 146 76.0% 4 14 28.6% 5 8 9 3 17 23 73.9% 2
5 Caroline Clark FP 6 62 32.3% 2 6 33.3% 1 1 4 6
6 Maggie Steffens (C) FP 6 145 75.5% 17 24 70.8% 5 9 1 3 1 1 100% 6 1 1
7 Courtney Mathewson FP 6 96 50.0% 7 11 63.6% 4 1 1 1
8 Kiley Neushul FP 6 149 77.6% 10 20 50.0% 2 7 5 1 1
9 Aria Fischer FP 6 69 35.9% 0 5 0.0% 5 1 1 2
10 Kaleigh Gilchrist FP 6 99 51.6% 6 13 46.2% 5 5 2 5 3 1
11 Makenzie Fischer FP 6 95 49.5% 7 23 30.4% 4 5 3 1 8 1 1
12 Kami Craig FP 6 81 42.2% 5 7 71.4% 1 4 3 1 2
13 Ashleigh Johnson GK 6 177 92.2% 0 4 0.0% 3 2 17
Team 16
Total 6 192 100% 73 163 44.8% 31 78 53 21 18 24 75.0% 39 1 3 2
Against 32 156 20.5% 13 90 41 8 6 24 25.0% 40 1 5 0
Cap
No.		 Player Pos Saves/Shots
Saves Shots %
1 Samantha Hill GK 6 10 60.0%
13 Ashleigh Johnson GK 51 79 64.6%
Total 57 89 64.0%

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2016 (p. 218).

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "HistoFINA – Water polo medalists and statistics" (PDF). fina.org. FINA. September 2019. p. 56. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Heather Petri". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Brenda Villa". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Kami Craig". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  5. ^ "Melissa Seidemann". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Maggie Steffens". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  7. ^ "Courtney Mathewson". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Rachel Fattal". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Aria Fischer". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Makenzie Fischer". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  11. ^ "Kaleigh Gilchrist". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Ashleigh Johnson". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Maddie Musselman". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  14. ^ a b c "Elizabeth Armstrong". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  15. ^ "Jessica Steffens". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  16. ^ "Lauren Wenger". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  17. ^ "Elsie Windes". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  18. ^ "Kelly Rulon". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Robin Beauregard". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Ellen Estes". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Ericka Lorenz". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  22. ^ "Heather Moody". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  23. ^ a b c "Nicolle Payne". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  24. ^ "Natalie Golda". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  25. ^ "Brenda Villa". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  26. ^ "Bernice Orwig". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Jacqueline Frank". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Jaime Komer". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  29. ^ "Tumua Anae". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  30. ^ "Samantha Hill". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  31. ^ "Margaret Dingeldein". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  32. ^ a b "Guy Baker". usawaterpolo.org. USA Water Polo. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  33. ^ a b c d "Women's Senior National Team - History". usawaterpolo.org. USA Water Polo. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  34. ^ a b "Adam Krikorian". olympedia.org. Olympedia. Retrieved 18 January 2021.

Sources

Official Results Books (IOC)

PDF documents in the LA84 Foundation Digital Library:

PDF documents on the FINA website:

PDF documents in the Olympic World Library:

PDF documents on the International Olympic Committee website:

Official Reports (FINA)

PDF documents on the FINA website:

Official website (IOC)

Water polo on the International Olympic Committee website:

Olympedia

Water polo on the Olympedia website:

Sports Reference

Water polo on the Sports Reference website:

Todor66

Water polo on the Todor66 website:

ISHOF

International Swimming Hall of Fame (ISHOF) website: