USS Desert Ship (LLS-1)

USS Desert Ship (LLS-1)
Part of Naval Surface Warfare Center
White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
TypeAboveground facility
Site information
Open to
the public		No
Site history
Built1957–1958
Built byU.S. Navy
In use1958–present
Garrison information
GarrisonWhite Sands Missile Range, New Mexico
OccupantsNaval Surface Warfare Center

USS Desert Ship (LLS-1) is a concrete blockhouse providing assembly and launch facilities simulating shipboard conditions for Navy surface-to-air weapons testing[1] at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Weapons Division – White Sands.[2]

Origin

The beginning of construction of the Desert Ship coincided with the start of testing of the RIM-8 Talos missile. Although there was a mock christening upon completion of the building, the Desert Ship has never been commissioned and special permission from Congress was required to name the building "USS Desert Ship".[3] The designation "LLS" stands for "Land Locked Ship".

History

Talos missile launch at White Sands.
White Sands Missile Range Museum MK5 display

Desert Ship was originally used to test the Talos missile. Subsequent uses have included testing the Standard Missile,[4] Aegis Weapons System,[5] and, in mid-2008, the Standard Missile 6.[6]

The Desert Ship is one of two "Land-Locked Ships" operated by the U.S. Navy, the other being the USS Rancocas in New Jersey.[7]

Chronology

  • 13 April 1941 – Alamogordo Army Airfield established.[1]
  • December 1941 – Public land grazing leases were canceled on the newly formed Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range.[1]
  • 20 February 1945 – White Sands Proving Ground (WSPG) established as a missile test range.[1]
  • 26 September 1945 – A modified Navy Tiny Tim (rocket) configured as a booster for WAC Corporal became the first missile launched by the Army at WSPG.[1]
  • October 1945 – United States Army Air Corps Chief of Ordnance (OCO) invited the Navy to participate in the WSPG guided missile program.[1]
  • January 1946 – OCO offered Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) use of captured V-2 rockets for research; and NRL established the Rocket and Satellite Research Panel chaired by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Dr. James Van Allen.[1]
  • 17 May 1946 – WSPG Naval Ordnance Missile Test Facility established.[1]
  • July 1946 – Navy Bureau of Ordnance began construction of the WSPG Navy Cantonment Area.[1]
  • May 1947 – Navy began construction of the Launch Complex 35 (LC-35) blockhouse with two tiltable, 140-foot Aerobee launch towers.[1]
  • 24 November 1947 – Navy launched the first fully configured Aerobee sounding rocket, which carried cosmic-ray instruments to an altitude of 36.7 miles.[1]
  • 3 May 1949 – First launch of the Navy's Viking (rocket) reached an altitude of 50 miles.[1]
  • Late 1949 – After a V–2 was launched at sea from the deck of USS Midway, the Navy intentionally toppled and exploded a fully fueled V–2 on a segment of carrier flight deck (Operation Pushover) at WSPG.[1]
  • 21 November 1950 – Viking 5 set a single-stage altitude record of 107 miles.[1]
  • August 1951 – Viking set a single-stage altitude and speed record of 135 miles at 4,100 miles per hour.[1]
  • 1951 – Talos program testing moves to WSPG from Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake.[1]
  • August 1952 – First Talos missile launch at WSPG.[1]
  • May 1953 – Base name formally changed from White Sands Proving Ground to White Sands Missile Range (WSMR).[8]
  • June 1953 – Construction completed for USS Desert Ship blockhouse.[1]
  • May 1954 – Viking 11 set a single-stage altitude record of 158 miles.[1]
  • April 1957 – Aerobee-Hi set a single stage altitude record of 190 miles.[1]
  • 1957 – Completion of the Desert Ship deckhouse addition enabled missile assembly to be moved from headquarters to Desert Ship.[1]
  • September 1957 – The first land-based Talos Defense Unit (TDU) was completed just west of Desert Ship.[1]
  • December 1957 – The first launch of a TDU-directed Talos scored a direct hit on the target drone.[1]
  • March 1961 – First launch of the Typhon Combat System[1]
  • 1966 – Testing of RIM-2 Terrier and RIM-24 Tartar missiles was shifted to WSMR from China Lake.[9]
  • 1983 – Aegis fleet fire-control system completed development at WSMR and entered fleet service.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941–1965" (PDF). New Mexico State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  2. ^ "White Sands". Archived from the original on 1 March 2002. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  3. ^ George Helfrich (August 2007). "The Navy Blasted Off at Launch Complex 35" (PDF). Hands Across History. White Sands Historical Foundation, White Sands Pioneer Group. pp. 4–7. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  4. ^ "The First Forty Years" (PDF). The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 1983. p. 52. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  5. ^ "U.S. Navy Test Confirms Missile Firing Capability of Aegis Open Architecture". Reuters. 28 January 2008. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2006.
  6. ^ "US Navy Conducts First Test of Raytheon Standard Missile 6". Farlex, Inc. 28 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  7. ^ Secret gadgets and strange gizmos Google Books Search Result
  8. ^ "Chronology: Cowboys to V-2s to the Space Shuttle to lasers".
  9. ^ a b "The Navy Blasted Off at Launch Complex 35" (PDF). Hands Across History. Retrieved 19 August 2010.