The toponym is of ancient origin. It splits into two parts: Tsḥor-e, the "-e/-ye" part being a suffix of Ingush language.[6] The "Tshor-" part is associated by Akhmad Suleymanov [ru] with the Ingush word tsḥar (цхьар) which means mail mesh helmet that covers the face and neck of a warrior.[7] Ethnonym Tsoroy (a teip) takes its name from Tsori.[8]
History
Historically, Tsori was the center of Tsorin society. In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher J.A. Güldenstädt indicated Tsori among the total number of Ingush villages and districts.[9]
On 13 June 1785, a large Chechen force consisting of 500 men approached Tsori, in order to sack it. Learning of the plot, Tsorins attacked the Chechens during the night and defeated them.[10]
In 1832, due to the collaboration of Ingush with Kazi-Mulla and the murder of a bailiff, Baron Rozen led a punitive expedition on Ingush and went through Dzheyrakh and Metskhal around Khamkhi and Tsori.[11]
Baron F.F. Tornau, in his memoirs of the Ghalghai expedition at the end of June 1832, when approaching Tsori, reported that the main forces of the Ghalghaï entrenched themselves near Mount Gai (Khai), and arranged a powerful rockfall against the equestrian avant-garde, stopping any progress forward.[12] In their description of the siege of Tsori, both generals Blaramberg and Tornau recall the difficulty of conquering one of the Tsori towers in which two Ghalghaï men barricaded themselves whilst fighting off a convoy of 3000 soldiers for 3 straight days. After several unsuccessful attempts the tower was mined with explosives and destroyed.[13]
Берже, А. П. (1859). Чечня и Чеченцы [Chechenya and Chechens] (in Russian). Тф.: Тип. Главного Управления Наместника Кавказского. pp. 1–140.
Генко, А. Н. (1930). "Из культурного прошлого ингушей" [From the cultural past of the Ingush]. Записки коллегии востоковедов при Азиатском музее [Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum] (in Russian). Vol. 5. Ленинград: Издательство Академии наук СССР. pp. 681–761.
Дубровин, Н. Ф. (1871). История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе [The history of the war and domination of Russians in the Caucasus] (in Russian). Vol. 1: bk. 1: Кавказ. СПб.: Тип. Департамента Уделов. pp. I–XVI, 1–640.
Общенациональная Комиссия по рассмотрению вопросов, связанных с определением территории и границ Ингушетии (2021). Всемирный конгресс ингушского народа (ed.). Доклад о границах и территории Ингушетии (общие положения) [Report on the borders and territory of Ingushetia (general provisions)] (archival documents, maps, illustrations) (in Russian). Назрань. pp. 1–175.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Терскій Областной Статистическій Комитет (1885). Благовѣщенскій, Н. А. (ed.). Списокъ населенныхъ мѣстъ Терской области: По свѣдѣніям къ 1-му января 1883 года [List of populated areas of the Terek region: According to information on January 1st of 1883] (in Russian). Владикавказъ: Типографія Терскаго Областнаго Правленія. pp. 1–78.
Chakhkiev, J. Yu. (2003). Aliroev, I. A. (ed.). Древности горной Ингушетии [Antiquities of mountainous Ingushetia] (in Russian). Vol. 1. Nazran: Kavkazskaya zdravnitsa. pp. 1–144.
Юров, А. (1883). Чернявский, И. С. (ed.). "II: 1844-й год на Кавказе" [2: Year 1844 in the Caucasus]. Кавказский сборник (in Russian). Vol. 7. Тф.: Тип. Окружного Штаба. pp. 157–382.