Trigeminal trophic syndrome

Trigeminal trophic syndrome
Other namesTrigeminal trophic lesion
SpecialtyDermatology

Trigeminal trophic syndrome is a rare disease caused by the interruption of peripheral or central sensory pathways of the trigeminal nerve. A slowly enlarging, uninflamed ulcer can occur in the area that has had trigeminal nerve damage; including but not limited to the cheek beside the ala nasi.[1]: 65 

Signs and symptoms

The most common complaints are feelings of picking, rubbing, or scratching in the afflicted areas. A nonhealing ulcer is present in most patients. The ala nasi is frequently affected by a recognizable, painless, sickle-shaped lesion with a well-defined margin. The ulcers are incredibly persistent once they start.[2]

Causes

Trigeminal trophic syndrome can present with the following conditions and diseases: syphilis, amyloid deposits in the CNS and trigeminal nerve, trauma, craniotomy, tumor, Wallenberg syndrome (stroke/vascular insufficiency), herpes zoster, herpes simplex, syphilis, and neurological complications from birth trauma or it can be idiopathic.[3]

Treatment

Treating trigeminal trophic syndrome is a difficult task. Among the options are transcutaneous nerve stimulation, protective dressings, behavioral modification, medication intervention, and surgical repair; however, none of these have been proven to be consistently effective.[3]

Epidemiology

Sixty cases were reported from 1982 to 2002.[4] Trigeminal trophic syndrome is more common in women as compared to men.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
  2. ^ Kumar, Parimalam; Thomas, Jayakar (2014). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 59 (1). Medknow: 75–76. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.123506. ISSN 0019-5154. PMC 3884933. PMID 24470665.
  3. ^ a b Nayak, ChitraS; Pereira, RicksonR; Mishra, SunilN; Deshpande, DeepalJ (2011). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A rare entity". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 77 (6). Scientific Scholar: 729. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.86501. ISSN 0378-6323. PMID 22016290.
  4. ^ Sadeghi, P.; Papay, FA.; Vidimos, AT. (May 2004). "Trigeminal trophic syndrome--report of four cases and review of the literature". Dermatol Surg. 30 (5): 807–12, discussion 812. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30220.x. PMID 15099331. S2CID 6573549.
  5. ^ Weintraub, Eileen; Soltani, Keyoumars; Hekmatpanah, Javad; Lorincz, Allan L. (1982). "Trigerninal trophic syndrome". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 6 (1). Elsevier BV: 52–57. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(82)80200-4. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 7085956.

Further reading