Trichocereinae

Trichocereinae
Haageocereus pacalaensis of the tribe Trichocereeae.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Tribe:	Cereeae
Subtribe:	Trichocereinae Buxb. (1958)
Type genus
Trichocereus
Genera
See text

Trichocereinae is a subtribe of cactus that are particular to South America.[1] There are 28 recognized genera in this subtribe.

Description

Arborescent to shrubby, Trichocereinae normally form unsegmented, spherical to columnar stems that are usually ribbed, tuberculate, or ribbed-warty.

The small to fairly large, regular or bilaterally symmetrical flowers appear laterally or below the apex and open day or night. The flower cup is scaled or covered with hair.

The fruits are fleshy to berry-like and sometimes burst open lengthwise. They contain small to medium-sized seeds that vary in shape. Hilum and micropyle of seeds are fused to united. Appendages are usually absent. A strophic is present in some.[2]

Genera

The composition of the subtribes of the tribe Cereeae varies. The list below is based on genera accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2024^[update].[3] Most were placed in subtribe Trichocereinae by Lendel in 2013. Reicheocactus (listed here) was not included in Lendel's analysis, and was described as basal to the subtribe.[1] Pygmaeocereus was placed in Trichocereinae in a 2023 study.[4]

Image	Genus	Living species
	Acanthocalycium Backeb. 1936	Acanthocalycium klinglerianum (Cárdenas) Lodé Acanthocalycium leucanthum (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb. Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Backeb. Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Speg.) Backeb.
	Arthrocereus A.Berger 1929	Arthrocereus glaziovii (K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Zappi Arthrocereus melanurus (K.Schum.) Diers, P.Br. & Esteves Arthrocereus rondonianus Backeb. & Voll Arthrocereus spinosissimus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter
	Borzicactus Riccob. 1909	Borzicactus fieldianus Britton & Rose Borzicactus hutchisonii G.J.Charles Borzicactus icosagonus (Kunth) Britton & Rose Borzicactus leonensis (Madsen) G.J.Charles Borzicactus longiserpens (Leuenb.) G.J.Charles Borzicactus neoroezlii F.Ritter Borzicactus plagiostoma (Vaupel) Britton & Rose Borzicactus sepium (Kunth) Britton & Rose Borzicactus silvaticus Janke Borzicactus tenuiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) Kimnach
	Chamaecereus Britton & Rose 1922	Chamaecereus luisramirezii Lodé & F.Carlier Chamaecereus saltensis (Speg.) Schlumpb. Chamaecereus schreiteri (A.Cast.) Schlumpb. Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) Britton & Rose Chamaecereus stilowianus (Backeb.) Schlumpb.
	Cleistocactus Lem. 1861	Cleistocactus ayopayanus Cárdenas Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem. Cleistocactus brookeae Cárdenas Cleistocactus buchtienii Backeb. Cleistocactus candelilla Cárdenas Cleistocactus capadalensis F.Ritter Cleistocactus chrysocephalus (F.Ritter) Mottram Cleistocactus dependens Cárdenas Cleistocactus hildegardiae F.Ritter Cleistocactus hyalacanthus (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. Cleistocactus laniceps (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. Cleistocactus luribayensis Cárdenas Cleistocactus micropetalus F.Ritter Cleistocactus morawetzianus Backeb. Cleistocactus parviflorus (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. Cleistocactus pungens F.Ritter Cleistocactus reae Cárdenas Cleistocactus ritteri Backeb. Cleistocactus samaipatanus (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose Cleistocactus strausii (Heese) Backeb. Cleistocactus tominensis (Weing.) Backeb. Cleistocactus variispinus F.Ritter Cleistocactus viridiflorus Backeb. Cleistocactus winteri D.R.Hunt
	Denmoza Britton & Rose 1922	Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose
	Echinopsis Zucc. 1837	Echinopsis albispinosa K.Schum. Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose Echinopsis breviflora (Backeb.) M.Lowry Echinopsis calochlora K.Schum. Echinopsis chalaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis chrysantha Werderm. Echinopsis clavata (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt Echinopsis cuzcoensis (Britton & Rose) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis densispina Werderm. Echinopsis haematantha (Speg.) D.R.Hunt Echinopsis jajoana (Backeb.) Blossf. Echinopsis lageniformis (C.F.Först.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis marsoneri Werderm. Echinopsis oligotricha (Cárdenas) M.Lowry Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. ex Pfeiff. & Otto Echinopsis rauschii Friedrich Echinopsis rojasii Cárdenas Echinopsis tacaquirensis (Vaupel) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Echinopsis torrefluminensis M.Lowry Echinopsis werdermannii Frič ex Fleisch.
	Espostoa Britton & Rose 1920	Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Buxb. Espostoa calva F.Ritter Espostoa cremnophila Hoxey Espostoa frutescens Madsen Espostoa hylaea F.Ritter Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg Espostoa mirabilis F.Ritter Espostoa senilis (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Espostoa superba F.Ritter Espostoa utcubambensis G.J.Charles
	Haageocereus Backeb. 1933	Haageocereus acranthus (Vaupel) Backeb. Haageocereus × comosus Rauh & Backeb. Haageocereus decumbens (Vaupel) Backeb. Haageocereus fascicularis (Meyen) F.Ritter Haageocereus platinospinus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. Haageocereus pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. Haageocereus repens Rauh & Backeb. Haageocereus tenuis F.Ritter Haageocereus versicolor (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb.
	Harrisia Britton 1908 publ. 1909	Harrisia aboriginum Small ex Britton & Rose Harrisia adscendens (Gürke) Britton & Rose Harrisia bonplandii (J.Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose Harrisia brookii Britton Harrisia caymanensis A.R.Franck Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Backeb. Harrisia earlei Britton & Rose Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton Harrisia fernowii Britton Harrisia fragrans Small ex Britton & Rose Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton Harrisia pomanensis (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose Harrisia portoricensis Britton Harrisia regelii (Weing.) Borg Harrisia taetra Areces Harrisia tetracantha (Labour.) D.R.Hunt Harrisia tortuosa (J.Forbes) Britton & Rose
	Lasiocereus F.Ritter (uncertainly in this subtribe[4])	Lasiocereus fulvus F.Ritter Lasiocereus rupicola F.Ritter
	Leucostele Backeb. 1953	Leucostele atacamensis (Phil.) Schlumpb. Leucostele bolligeriana (Mächler & Helmut Walter) Schlumpb. Leucostele chiloensis (Colla) Schlumpb. Leucostele deserticola (Werderm.) Schlumpb. Leucostele faundezii (Albesiano) Schlumpb. Leucostele litoralis (Johow) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter Leucostele nigripilis (Phil.) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter Leucostele pectinifera (Albesiano) Schlumpb. Leucostele skottsbergii (Backeb.) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter Leucostele terscheckii (J.Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Schlumpb. Leucostele tunariensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb. Leucostele undulosa (Albesiano) Schlumpb. Leucostele werdermanniana (Backeb.) Schlumpb.
	Lobivia Britton & Rose 1922	Lobivia acchaensis Eb.Scholz Lobivia ancistrophora (Speg.) Schlumpb. Lobivia arachnacantha Buining & F.Ritter Lobivia ayopayana (F.Ritter & Rausch) Schlumpb. Lobivia backebergii (Werderm.) Blatt. Lobivia bridgesii (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Lobivia caineana Cárdenas Lobivia calorubra (Cárdenas) Rausch Lobivia cardenasiana Rausch Lobivia chrysochete (Werderm.) Wessner Lobivia cinnabarina (Hook.) Britton & Rose Lobivia ferox Britton & Rose Lobivia hertrichiana Backeb. Lobivia hoevenii Rausch Lobivia kuehhasii Rausch Lobivia lateritia (Gürke) Britton & Rose Lobivia mamillosa (Gürke) Schlumpb. Lobivia maximiliana (Heyder ex A.Dietr.) Backeb. ex Rausch Lobivia minutiflora (Rausch) Schlumpb. & M.Lowry Lobivia obrepanda (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Lobivia pampana Britton & Rose Lobivia pamparuizii (Cárdenas) Schlumpb. Lobivia pentlandii (Hook.) Britton & Rose Lobivia pereziensis (Cárdenas) Lodé Lobivia pugionacantha (Rose & Boed.) Backeb. Lobivia rauschii Zecher Lobivia schieliana Backeb. Lobivia sucrensis (Cárdenas) Lodé Lobivia tegeleriana Backeb. Lobivia tiegeliana Wessner
	Loxanthocereus Backeb. 1937	Loxanthocereus acanthurus (Vaupel) Backeb. Loxanthocereus camanaensis Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus clavispinus Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus faustianus (Backeb.) Backeb. Loxanthocereus hoffmannii F.Ritter Loxanthocereus hoxeyi (G.J.Charles) Lodé Loxanthocereus hystrix Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus jajoanus (Backeb.) Backeb. Loxanthocereus pachycladus Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus peculiaris Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus sextonianus (Backeb.) Backeb. Loxanthocereus sulcifer Rauh & Backeb. Loxanthocereus xylorhizus F.Ritter
	Matucana Britton & Rose 1922	Matucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Buxb. Matucana aureiflora F.Ritter Matucana charlesiorum Hoxey Matucana chrysacantha Hoxey & G.J.Charles Matucana formosa F.Ritter Matucana gigantea G.J.Charles Matucana haynii (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose Matucana hoxeyi (G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles Matucana huagalensis (Donald & A.Lau) Bregman, Meerst., Melis & A.B.Pullen Matucana intertexta F.Ritter Matucana klopfensteinii Cieza & Pino Matucana krahnii (Donald) Bregman Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) G.D.Rowley ex D.R.Hunt Matucana oreodoxa (F.Ritter) Slaba Matucana paucicostata F.Ritter Matucana pughii G.J.Charles Matucana pujupatii (A.B.Lau & Donald) Bregman Matucana rebutiiflora G.J.Charles Matucana ritteri Buining Matucana roseiflora (G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles & Hoxey Matucana tuberculata (Donald) Bregman, Meerst., Melis & A.B.Pullen Matucana weberbaueri (Vaupel) Backeb.
	Mila Britton & Rose 1922	Mila caespitosa Britton & Rose
	Oreocereus Riccob. 1909	Oreocereus celsianus (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) A.Berger ex Riccob. Oreocereus doelzianus (Backeb.) Borg Oreocereus hempelianus (Gürke) D.R.Hunt Oreocereus leucotrichus (Phil.) Wagenkn. Oreocereus pseudofossulatus D.R.Hunt Oreocereus ritteri Cullmann Oreocereus tacnaensis F.Ritter Oreocereus trollii (Kupper) Backeb.
	Oroya Britton & Rose 1922	Oroya borchersii (Boed.) Backeb. Oroya peruviana (K. Schum.) Britton & Rose
	Pygmaeocereus H.Johnson & Backeb.	Pygmaeocereus bieblii Diers Pygmaeocereus bylesianus M.O. Andreae & Backeb. Pygmaeocereus densiaculeatus Backeb.
	Rauhocereus Backeb. 1956 publ. 1957	Rauhocereus riosaniensis Backeb.
	Reicheocactus Backeb. 1942	Reicheocactus famatimensis (Speg.) Schlumpb.
	Samaipaticereus Cárdenas 1952	Samaipaticereus corroanus Cárdenas
	Setiechinopsis Backeb. ex de Haas 1940	Setiechinopsis mirabilis (Speg.) Backeb. ex de Haas
	Soehrensia Backeb. 1938	Soehrensia angelesiae (R.Kiesling) Schlumpb. Soehrensia arboricola (Kimnach) Schlumpb. Soehrensia bruchii (Britton & Rose) Backeb. Soehrensia camarguensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb. Soehrensia candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Soehrensia caulescens (F.Ritter) Schlumpb. Soehrensia formosa (Pfeiff.) Backeb. Soehrensia grandiflora (Britton & Rose) Schlumpb. Soehrensia hahniana (Backeb.) Schlumpb. Soehrensia huascha (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb. Soehrensia × mendocina (Méndez) Schlumpb. (S. candicans × S. strigosa.) Soehrensia quadratiumbonata (F.Ritter) Schlumpb. Soehrensia sandiensis (Hoxey) Schlumpb. Soehrensia schickendantzii (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb. Soehrensia serpentina (M.Lowry & M.Mend.) Schlumpb. Soehrensia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Schlumpb. Soehrensia smrziana (Backeb.) Backeb. Soehrensia spachiana (Lem.) Schlumpb. Soehrensia strigosa (Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Soehrensia tarijensis (Vaupel) Schlumpb. Soehrensia thelegona (F.A.C.Weber) Schlumpb. Soehrensia thelegonoides (Speg.) Schlumpb. Soehrensia vasquezii (Rausch) Schlumpb. Soehrensia volliana (Backeb.) Schlumpb. Soehrensia walteri (R.Kiesling) Schlumpb.
	Trichocereus (A.Berger) Riccob. 1909	Trichocereus macrogonus (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Albesiano & R.Kiesling Trichocereus spinibarbis (Otto ex Pfeiff.) F.Ritter Trichocereus uyupampensis Backeb.
	Vatricania Backeb. 1950	Vatricania guentheri (Kupper) Backeb.Greenm. ex Gleason
	Weberbauerocereus Backeb. 1942	Weberbauerocereus albus F.Ritter Weberbauerocereus cephalomacrostibas (Werderm. & Backeb.) F.Ritter Weberbauerocereus churinensis F.Ritter Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Kníže Weberbauerocereus madidiensis Quispe & A.Fuentes Weberbauerocereus rauhii Backeb. Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Backeb. Weberbauerocereus winterianus F.Ritter
	Yungasocereus F.Ritter 1980	Yungasocereus inquisivensis (Card) F.Ritter

Intergeneric hybrids

Naturally occurring hybrids between genera in the subtribe include:

• × Borzicana M.H.J.van der Meer = Borzicactus × Matucana
• × Haagespostoa G.D.Rowley = Haageocereus × Espostoa
• × Leucomoza M.H.J.van der Meer = Denmoza × Leucostele
• × Oreonopsis G.D.Rowley = Echinopsis × Oreocereus

Artificial hybrids include:

• × Chamaelobivia Y.Itô = Chamaecyparis × Lobivia[5]
• × Cleistopsis Strigl =Cleistocactus × Echinopsis.
• × Trichopsis Y.Itô = Echinopsis × Trichocereus[6]
• × Harrisinopsis G.D.Rowley = Echinopsis × Harrisia

References

1. Lendel, Anita (2013). South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) (Dr. sc. nat. thesis). University of Zurich. doi:10.5167/UZH-93287. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
2. Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. pp. 58–59. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
3. "Cactaceae Juss". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
4. Romeiro-Brito, Monique; Taylor, Nigel P.; Zappi, Daniela C.; Telhe, Milena C.; Franco, Fernando F. & Moraes, Evandro M. (2023). "Unravelling phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cereeae using target enrichment sequencing". Annals of Botany. 132 (5): 989–1006. doi:10.1093/aob/mcad153. PMC 10808018.
5. "× Chamaelobivia Y.Itô". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
6. "× Trichopsis Y.Itô". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-10-10.

External links

• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, June 1, 2007.