A four-day tornado outbreak affected the Central and Southern United States in mid-December 2022. The outbreak produced strong tornadoes in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, resulting in severe damage and three fatalities. On December 13, a high-end EF1 tornado was caught on video from multiple angles as it caused considerable damage in Grapevine, Texas, where five people were injured, and multiple EF2 tornadoes caused significant damage in other parts of Texas and Oklahoma that morning. Two large EF2 tornadoes occurred near DeBerry, Texas and Keachi, Louisiana to the southwest of Shreveport, Louisiana, with the second one causing severe damage and two fatalities.[4][5] An EF3 tornado struck the northern fringes of Farmerville, causing major structural damage and 14 injuries.
Multiple strong tornadoes occurred across parts of the Gulf Coast region on December 14, and another fatality was confirmed in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana as a result of an EF2 tornado that struck Killona.[6] Another damaging EF2 tornado impacted the New Orleans metro, following a path similar to a high-end EF3 tornado from March 22, 2022. A total of 77 tornadoes were confirmed, making this the second largest outbreak on record for the month of December, with the first being recorded in December 2021.[7] In addition, this tornado outbreak gave Oklahoma their most active December for tornadoes on record.[8]
Meteorological synopsis
The SPC Severe Weather Outlook for December 14, 2022.
On December 12, the Storm Prediction Center outlined a level 2/Slight risk of severe weather for parts of Southwestern Kansas, Western Oklahoma, and Northern Texas. A brief window for discrete supercells was forecasted, with a risk for all hazards (tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail) before a transition to a linear mode with a risk for embedded tornadoes and damaging winds.[9] A few supercells developed, producing two weak tornadoes in Oklahoma, neither of which caused any damage. On December 13, as the associated longwave trough ejected eastwards, the Storm Prediction Center outlined a level 3/Enhanced risk of severe weather across eastern Texas, much of Louisiana, and southwestern sections of Mississippi. Environmental conditions were expected to favor the development of semi-discrete supercell thunderstorm structures, with an attendant risk for strong (EF2+) tornadoes. A broader level 2/Slight risk encompassed a larger share of the South Plains, particularly around the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex where some questions about the level of instability existed but wind shear profiles were conducive for severe weather.[10] During the pre-dawn hours, a broken line of atmospheric convection with embedded supercell structures progressed eastward across North Texas. Here, temperatures in the mid- to upper 60s Fahrenheit overlapped with dewpoints in the low to mid-60s, contributing to modest surface convective available potential energy of 500–1,000 J/kg. Combined with strong shear profiles,[11] atmospheric conditions led to the development of several tornadoes across the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex throughout the morning hours.[12]
A Particularly Dangerous Situation Tornado Watch on December 14, 2022
By the early afternoon hours, a surface low-pressure area moved into northeastern Texas, supporting a cold front to the southwest and a warm front to the southeast.[13] In the warm sector of this low, temperatures climbed to upwards of the mid-70s while dewpoints reached the upper 60s; this contributed to mid-level CAPE around 1,000 J/kg. Discrete supercells developed within this environment, tracking northeastward with time.[14] As these storms overspread northern and central Louisiana into the afternoon hours, forecasters warned of the potential for renewed supercell development given the approach of the upper-level trough,[15] both in Louisiana as well as Mississippi.[16] All the while, the SPC renewed a level 3/Enhanced risk valid for December 14 across the Gulf Coast, continuing to highlight a large area for the potential of long-lived supercells capable of producing strong tornadoes.[17] With time, discrete activity across the region congealed into an eastward-moving line of convection across portions of Louisiana and Mississippi.[18] However, as the shortwave trough progressed eastward, strengthening wind fields in a warm sector increasingly destabilized by daytime heating, the SPC became increasingly concerned about the potential for this line to break down into discrete cells.[19] The potential for numerous tornadic supercells to develop prompted the issuance of a level 4/Moderate risk across southeastern Louisiana, southern Mississippi, and western/southern Alabama.[20]
As expected, numerous discrete supercells developed across the open warm sector in eastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi,[21] where forecasters outlined a Particularly Dangerous Situation tornado watch and warned of the potential for a few intense tornadoes.[22] These cells eventually congealed into a line of five or six dominant supercells.[23] As the threat area shifted eastward with time, additional supercells developed in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These thunderstorms progressed northeastward into the Florida Panhandle, southern Alabama, and southwestern Georgia.[24]
This tornado touched down in the town of Wayne, causing damage to roofs, trees, and power lines. The tornado exited town and strengthened as it tracked to the north-northeast into a rural area, where a home was completely unroofed and had its exterior walls collapsed. A nearby outbuilding was destroyed as well. The tornado produced additional tree and power line damage as it tracked towards the Canadian River, dissipating just after crossing the river.[32][33]
A high-end EF2 tornado touched down north of Gorman, producing damage to fences and trees. It continued northeast and moved through a large forested area, snapping or uprooting many trees, a few of which sustained some debarking. Farther along the path, a two-story house had a portion of its roof removed and sustained partial collapse of exterior walls, and was also damaged by a falling tree. A covered brick outdoor kitchen was destroyed, and farming equipment was lofted. The tornado then severely damaged a mobile home, collapsing all of its exterior walls. A large metal-framed equipment shed was also destroyed on the property. The tornado continued northeast, producing mainly tree damage before dissipating north-northeast of Desdemona.[34]
Multiple outbuilding structures were significantly damaged by this high-end EF1 tornado, and a large metal outbuilding that housed a home gym was destroyed. Trees were downed and tree limbs were snapped, and a house had metal roofing peeled off.[38]
This tornado touched down southeast of Paradise, producing minor tree damage and damaging the roof of a metal shop building. It continued to the northeast and reached mid-range EF2 intensity, snapping trees and tearing the roofs off of homes. Vehicles were also severely damaged and impaled by pieces of flying debris, while barns and storage buildings were damaged or destroyed. The tornado then crossed US 287, causing more tree damage before dissipating. Two people were injured.[39]
A brief high-end EF0 tornado touched down west-southwest of Weatherford, producing damage to trees and a trailer. Multiple 18-wheelers were flipped over as the tornado crossed I-20, and a warehouse building had an exterior wall collapsed inward. Minor tree damage was observed in a subdivision shortly before the tornado dissipated.[40]
Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and a home sustained significant roof loss. A detached garage was unroofed and had its garage door blown in.[41]
A brief high-end EF0 tornado touched down northwest of Callisburg, where a home sustained minor roof damage, and a window at the residence was broken after being struck by a tree limb. Considerable tree damage occurred near the home and elsewhere along the path before the tornado dissipated.[42]
This brief tornado touched down at Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, where metal roofing was torn off a warehouse building and scattered across a taxiway. A fitness facility at the base was damaged as well. This was the first of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[43]
A brief tornado touched down at the southwestern edge of Sansom Park, snapping trees and tree branches and damaging some fences. This was the second of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[44]
A brief tornado touched down in an industrial area of Fort Worth to the south of Blue Mound, knocking over a few rail cars. Minor tree damage was observed in the area as well. This was the third of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[45]
A low-end EF1 tornado touched down in the northeastern part North Richland Hills, causing damage to trees and the roofs of homes in a residential area. Several businesses had their roofs damaged as it continued to the northeast. The tornado then moved through another residential neighborhood, where additional tree and roof shingle damage was observed, and dissipated shortly after. This was the fourth of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[46]
A high-end EF1 tornado touched down in Grapevine, where an office building suffered heavy roof damage, an automotive service building had an exterior wall blown out, a Discount Tire store sustained extensive damage to its roof decking and windows, and large sections of roof were torn off of a Sam's Club. An 18-wheeler was flipped over in the Sam's Club parking lot, and power poles were also damaged. The tornado was caught on video as it crossed SH 114 before it moved into a residential area, damaging trees and causing minor roof damage to homes. Elsewhere, a car wash was largely destroyed, a restaurant had roofing and awnings ripped off, HVAC units on the roof of Grapevine Middle School were damaged, and sheet metal was wrapped around power lines. A large warehouse that housed the Grapevine Service Center had multiple garage doors blown out and sustained severe roof damage, and a small truck was overturned nearby. Additional damage to trees, roofs, and garage doors occurred before the tornado dissipated. Five people were injured. This was the fifth of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[47]
A brief tornado touched down in northeastern Grapevine, damaging the roof and walls of the Grapevine Mills Mall. Trees were damaged, along with the roofs of some apartment buildings. This was the last of six tornadoes produced by this storm in the Fort Worth area.[48]
A strong tornado touched down west of Blue Ridge, causing damage to trees and destroying an outbuilding. Moving through the north edge of town, the tornado destroyed a mobile home, damaged a few other buildings and a cemetery, and impacted the athletic field at Blue Ridge High School, where fences and bleachers were damaged, dugouts were destroyed, and metal light poles were bent to the ground. The tornado continued to the northeast of Blue Ridge, where a house sustained destruction of its attached garage, other homes sustained significant roof damage, outbuildings were destroyed, and several mobile homes were heavily damaged or destroyed as well. As the tornado passed near Leonard, several homes sustained roof damage and two were completely unroofed, one of which sustained some collapse of exterior walls. A water treatment plant in this area was also damaged and an office trailer was completely destroyed, with its undercarriage being twisted. The tornado downed several trees before it lifted along SH 11 west-northwest of Bailey. Two people were injured.[49][50]
A low-end EF1 tornado damaged trees and destroyed several sheds. The exterior wall of a mobile home was pushed in and impaled by a piece of wood, and a small trailer was thrown 100 yd (91 m). The tornado also moved through a solar farm, destroying numerous solar panels at that location.[51][52]
A low-end EF2 tornado significantly damaged a commercial building, which lost half of its roof. Siding panels were removed from the structure, and metal support beams were ripped from their anchors. The tornado also damaged two nearby metal buildings. Elsewhere, a metal-framed combination barn/residence was mostly destroyed with the beams being severely twisted, and some other homes were damaged to a lesser degree. Outbuildings and trees were damaged along the path as well.[53]
A low-end EF2 wedge tornado touched down northwest of De Berry, snapping and uprooting approximately 200 large softwood trees. Continuing northeast, the roofs of a few homes were damaged, a metal outbuilding was damaged, and numerous additional trees were snapped. The tornado continued to snap and uproot trees and inflicted minor roof damage to a house as it crossed into Harrison County, passing near Elysian Fields. Additional trees were downed beyond this point, and a couple of outbuildings were damaged or destroyed. A two-story house had a substantial amount of roofing torn off shortly before the tornado dissipated.[54][55]
2 deaths – A high-end EF2 tornado touched down northwest of Keachi and impacted the small community of Four Forks, where multiple mobile homes were obliterated and debris was strewn throughout the area. One mobile home was lifted and tossed to the northeast, completely destroying the structure and killing the two occupants, including a woman whose body was thrown 200 yd (180 m). A few other residences were damaged to a lesser degree, and numerous large trees were snapped or uprooted. At least two people were injured.[56]
A home was shifted off its block foundation, with a part of its roof ripped off and most of its windows shattered as well. An irrigation pivot was overturned, a few buildings at a camp site were damaged, other structures had their roofs peeled back, and some carports were blown away. Trees were snapped and uprooted, one of which fell on and crushed a car.[58]
Vehicles were flipped, and metal buildings sustained considerable damage at the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry as a result of this high-end EF1 tornado, which touched down after the previous one dissipated. A large office supply warehouse was heavily damaged near US 167, and trees were snapped. A house was damaged at a farm shortly before the tornado dissipated, while several metal grain silos and numerous outbuildings were damaged or destroyed on the property. A large truck was overturned at this location as well.[60]
A brief but strong tornado impacted Anguilla and destroyed multiple outbuilding structures, including one that was well-constructed and had several hundred pound concrete anchors ripped out of the ground and thrown about 50 yards (46 m). Several manufactured homes were rolled and destroyed, and some frame homes and the community center in town sustained roof damage. A large metal warehouse building had exterior wall panels blown out, numerous trees were downed, and three people were injured.[61]
This strong tornado impacted the Kelso community. Numerous farm outbuildings were destroyed, a grain bin was tossed, and semi-trailers were rolled. Trees were snapped and uprooted as well.[62][63]
Two small outbuildings were destroyed, one of which had its concrete footing pulled out of the ground and thrown, and a third outbuilding was damaged. An irrigation pivot was overturned, trees were uprooted, and tree branches were snapped.[64]
December 14 event
List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, December 14, 2022[note 1]
The roof of a small shed was ripped off, while the roof of a hay barn was damaged. A trailer was tossed around 100 feet (30 m), and some trees were snapped. A separate, stronger tornado occurred a half mile west of this tornado a few hours later.[68]
Several outbuildings were damaged, including a hay barn that was collapsed, and another structure that sustained damage to its metal roll-up door. Skirting on a manufactured home was blown off, and trees sustained minor damage.[75]
A low-end EF2 tornado touched down west-northwest of Polkville, destroying four chicken houses. The debris from the chicken houses was strewn for several miles to the northeast. A few smaller trees were uprooted or damaged as the tornado crossed MS 43. The tornado continued northeast, producing minor tree damage and dissipating just before reaching the Smith County line.[76]
A few homes sustained roof damage, and some outbuildings were damaged as well. Numerous trees were damaged and uprooted along the path, and a carport was also damaged.[79][80]
A storm spotter observed and photographed a tornado that touched down in a remote swampy area near Ville Platte. The area where the tornado occurred was not accessible to damage surveyors, and no intensity rating was assigned.[81]
A high-end EF2 multiple-vortex tornado was broadcast live on KADN-TV as it impacted the southeastern part of New Iberia, causing significant damage. The New Iberia Medical Center was heavily damaged, where roofing was torn off, numerous windows were blown out on multiple floors, and some damage to interior walls occurred. Other buildings at the medical complex were also damaged, along with numerous vehicles in parking lots. 20 to 25 mobile homes were damaged at a mobile home park, including four that were destroyed. Multiple homes and apartment buildings were significantly damaged, several of which sustained loss of roofs and exterior walls, while a few businesses were also severely damaged. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along the path as well. Sixteen people were injured.[82]
A satellite tornado to the previous tornado was confirmed using satellite imagery and video. The tornado touched down in an open field and caused no damage.[83]
A strong, long-tracked tornado snapped or uprooted countless large trees as it moved through forested areas. A couple of sheds were heavily damaged or destroyed, a few homes sustained roof damage, and power lines were downed.[85][86][87]
Several sheds were severely damaged or destroyed, including one that was torn in half and thrown about 100 yards (91 m). Trees were downed, and residential wood fences were destroyed.[88]
The roofs were ripped off of an outbuilding and a hay barn, and another structure also sustained roof damage. Trees were snapped or uprooted as well.[90]
A large high-end EF2 tornado impacted the Mannassa community. It destroyed a small wood-frame home and tore much of the roofing off of a second house. A manufactured home was completely destroyed, another manufactured home sustained roof and siding damage, and an outbuilding was also damaged. Countless large trees and many power poles were snapped along the path.[91]
1 death – This tornado first touched down at the Nelson Coleman Correctional Center, where metal roofing was torn off. The roof of a nearby manufactured home was damaged as well, along with some power poles. The tornado reached its peak intensity as it struck Killona, where multiple frame homes had roofs and exterior walls torn off, a few were shifted off their foundations, and some mobile homes were completely destroyed, resulting in the death of a woman. One mobile home was tossed into a neighboring residence, a FEMA trailer and a car were flipped, while trees and power poles in town were snapped. After crossing the Mississippi River into Montz, the tornado completely unroofed a couple of homes, shifted a mobile home off its foundation, and snapped large tree branches. Several vehicles had their windows shattered at a steel fabricating business as well. Continuing past Montz, the tornado ripped the porch off a house, downed trees and tree limbs, and damaged or destroyed some outbuildings before dissipating. Eight people were injured.[92]
A weak tornado tracked through rural areas of St. Tammany Parish, primarily causing tree damage. This tornado was confirmed in November 2023, from a combination of damage reports, radar analysis, and high-resolution satellite data.[93][28]
A high-end EF0 tornado rolled an RV trailer, downed some fences, removed all the roofing panels from an entrance shed, and peeled some of the siding and roof off of a large metal warehouse. The tornado also tore the front porch and some roofing panels from a home, and inflicted siding damage to other homes in a residential area before it dissipated. Tree branches were snapped along the path.[94]
A strong tornado was broadcast live on WDSU as it caused significant damage in the New Orleans metro area. The tornado impacted the suburbs and neighborhoods of Marrero, Harvey, Gretna, Algiers, and Arabi, damaging some of the same areas that were struck by an EF3 tornado on March 22, 2022, especially on the south side of Arabi where the damage paths crossed. Numerous structures were damaged or destroyed along the tornado's path, including multiple homes that were unroofed, had exterior walls collapsed, or were shifted from their foundations. A brewery housed in a metal building in Arabi was rebuilt after being destroyed by the March EF3 tornado, only to be destroyed once again by this tornado. A small, unanchored house and a church were pushed off their foundations and destroyed, and some apartment buildings sustained extensive roof and fascia damage. Sets of anchored metal bleachers were ripped from their bolts at Archbishop Shaw Junior High School, while West Jefferson High School sustained roof and window damage. The front façade of a Winn Dixie grocery store was collapsed, trees and power poles were downed, and signs were destroyed. Several businesses and industrial buildings were also damaged, HVAC units were ripped off the roof of a hotel, and a semi-truck and an RV were flipped as well. Six people were injured.[97][98][99]
A post-event analysis revealed a defined, narrow damage path in the marsh of the Biloxi State Wildlife Management area. KLIX data showed a strong velocity couplet and a Tornado Debris Signature (TDS) between 5:44 and 5:52 PM CST. The exact path length and intensity are unknown due to the lack of damage indicators.[101]
A post-event analysis revealed a defined, narrow damage path in the marsh near Felicity Bay. KLIX data showed a strong velocity couplet and a Tornado Debris Signature (TDS) between 6:01 and 6:06 PM CST. The exact path length and intensity are unknown due to the lack of damage indicators.[102]
A high-end EF2 tornado touched down west of Silver Cross and continued to the north of Frankville, snapping or uprooting countless large trees as it moved through areas of dense forest. Total deforestation occurred in the most severely affected area, with nearly all trees in the direct path being snapped at their bases. This tornado then continued northeast, crossing US 84 and downing several large tree branches before dissipating.[103][104] In November 2023, this tornado was reanalyzed and received cosmetic updates based on Worldview satellite imagery.[105]
Shortly after the previous tornado dissipated, this tornado touched down in a wooded area and almost immediately intensified to EF2 strength, snapping or uprooting numerous large trees.[106] In November 2023, this tornado was reanalyzed and had its starting point further southeast based on Planet and Worldview satellite imagery.[107]
A tornadic waterspout moved onshore in the western part of Biloxi, snapping or uprooting many trees, many of which fell on power lines. One tree landed on and damaged the roof of a pavilion, and the roof of a metal shed was ripped off. Unsecured bleachers were tossed 50 yards (46 m), a few shingles were torn from military housing, and grave markers were damaged at the Biloxi National Cemetery. The most severe damage occurred to the VA Gulf Coast Health Care System campus, where two windows were shattered, the roof of a small building was peeled off, and an outbuilding structure was collapsed.[108]
This strong tornado touched down southwest of Doerun, causing damage to trees and a mobile home. Continuing northeast, it snapped and uprooted numerous large trees and caused minor roof damage to a home. The tornado then crossed SR 270, causing significant damage to a cotton gin facility. More trees were either snapped or uprooted before the tornado dissipated shortly after.[114]
A low-end EF1 tornado touched down in the southern part of Masaryktown, causing minor damage to a home and snapping trees. Additional tree damage occurred farther along the path before the tornado dissipated.[115][116]
A short-lived EF1 tornado touched down south of Kenneth City damaging the roofs of a few homes, a daycare center, and a church. Two people were injured.[117]
This intense low-end EF3 tornado touched down west of Farmerville, initially snapping or uprooting numerous trees at EF1 strength, some of which ended up falling on multiple homes. Moving northeast, the tornado then began to intensify as it crossed LA 2 and Lake D'Arbonne. A two-story home sustained high-end EF2 damage at this location, sustaining loss of its roof and destruction of most of its second story. Two injuries occurred inside the two-story home. EF1 damage occurred nearby, as some outbuildings and shop buildings were destroyed as well.[119] The tornado then tracked back across Lake D'Arbonne before coming ashore at Corney Creek Drive and Dozier Road. Several residences were damaged by falling trees in this area, a cabin was destroyed by a combination of falling trees and wind from the tornado, and damage in this area was rated EF1 to EF2. The tornado then moved through a forested area and caused 2 mi (3.2 km) of tree damage that was unable to be surveyed by the National Weather Service damage survey team.[119] While in this unsurveyable stretch, the tornado grew to its peak width of 500 yards (460 m).[119] Continuing at EF2 intensity, the tornado crossed Denton Road where multiple outbuildings and mobile homes were demolished, including one double-wide mobile home that was thrown and completely destroyed, with five injuries reported. Two frame homes had their roofs torn off, and also sustained some damage to their exterior walls.[119] Additionally, power poles were snapped and major tree damage occurred, with some debarking observed. The tornado continued causing significant tree damage as it continued northeast towards the Union Village Apartments, located along the northern outskirts of Farmerville.[note 2][119]
As the tornado entered the apartment complex, it reached its peak intensity and maintained a width of 400 to 500 yards (370 to 460 m).[119] Dozens of one-story brick apartment buildings were severely damaged and had large portions of their roofs torn off, and vehicles were flipped as well. One apartment building sustained total roof loss and collapse of multiple exterior walls, earning a rating of EF3 with winds estimated at 140 miles per hour (230 km/h).[119] Despite the intense damage, it was believed the strongest core of the tornadic winds only clipped the south end of the apartment complex, where the EF3 damage occurred.[119] Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards later said out of the 74 units at this apartment complex, only 12 of them were habitable following the tornado. Adjacent to the Union Village Apartments, 7 out of the 9 mobile homes at a mobile home park were thrown and destroyed.[119] After exiting the apartment complex and mobile home park, the tornado then entered another heavily forested area, most of which the not accessible to the National Weather Service damage survey team. However, numerous trees were snapped along this segment of the path, and an EF2 rating was applied at this location.[119] After exiting the forested area, the tornado then significantly weakened, with only EF1 and EF0 tree and structural damage being observed for the remaining mile of the tornado's track. After that, the tornado dissipated. In total, at least fourteen people were injured by the tornado.[119][120]
Non-tornadic effects
A satellite view of the extratropical cyclone that was responsible for the tornado outbreak in the south and blizzard in the north on December 14.
A major blizzard occurred in the Great Plains related to the tornado outbreak, leading to heavy snow and freezing rain. In Fargo, North Dakota, all after school activities on December 13 were canceled. Parts of I-80 and I-76 in Nebraska were shut down due to the blizzard, as was part of I-90 in South Dakota.[121] In Colorado, portions of I-70 and US 6 also shut down briefly.[122] Portions of I-29 were also shut down as the storm approached.[123] On South Dakota Highway 37 in Parkston, a car crash occurred due to the icy roads, killing 3 people.[124] The Black Hills National Forest was forced to implement seasonal closures three days early due to the storm.[125] All schools in Campbell County, Wyoming closed on December 14, as much of Wyoming’s interstate system closed.[126] Freezing rain accumulation peaked at 0.40 in (10 mm) in Litchville, North Dakota. Further east, blizzard conditions and thundersnow were verified in Duluth, Minnesota. Power outages totaled 45,000 in Minnesota, 70,000 in Wisconsin and 43,700 in Michigan.[1] After the storm swept across Illinois, the city of Rockford spent 306 consecutive hours below freezing.[127]
Amtrak's southbound Heartland Flyer was forced to go at a restricted speed on the morning of December 13 due to severe weather damage along its route, which included the tornadic damage in Wayne, Oklahoma.[135] Tornadoes on December 14 delayed the westbound Sunset Limited as well as the northbound and southbound Crescent.[136]
GovernorJohn Bel Edwards declared a state of emergency throughout Louisiana on December 13.[137] On December 14, school districts in multiple counties and parishes closed or implemented delayed starts.[138][139]St. Charles Parish President Matthew Jewell also declared a state of emergency, separate from the statewide declaration, for the Louisiana parish after a tornado killed one and injured several.[137]
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^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EFU Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2023). [Louisiana Event Report: EFU Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2022). [Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Louisiana Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2023). [Louisiana Event Report: EFU Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2023). [Louisiana Event Report: EFU Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
^National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2022). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2022). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2024). Local Tornado Reanalysis Project (Report). weather.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
^National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2022). [Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Mobile, Alabama (2024). Local Tornado Reanalysis Project (Report). weather.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
^National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2022). [Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2022). [Georgia Event Report: EF2 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
^National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2022). [Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
