Tonawanda Creek

For the creek in Ontario, see Tonawanda Creek (Ontario).
Tonawanda Creek
Old mill dam at the Big Bend of Tonawanda Creek, downtown Batavia, New York
Tonawanda Creek is located in New York
Tonawanda Creek
Location of the mouth of the Tonawanda Creek in New York State
Tonawanda Creek is located in the United States
Tonawanda Creek
Tonawanda Creek (the United States)
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesWyoming, Genesee, Erie, Niagara
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationTown of Java, Wyoming County
 • coordinates42°39′29″N 78°19′09″W / 42.65806°N 78.31917°W / 42.65806; -78.31917[1]
MouthNiagara River
 • location
City of Tonawanda
 • coordinates
43°01′25″N 78°52′54″W / 43.02361°N 78.88167°W / 43.02361; -78.88167[1]
Length90 mi (140 km)
Basin size650 sq mi (1,700 km2)
Basin features
ProgressionNiagara River→ Lake Ontario→ Saint Lawrence River→ Gulf of Saint Lawrence

Tonawanda Creek is a small tributary of the Niagara River in Western New York, United States.[1] After rising in Wyoming County, the stream flows through Genesee County before forming part of the boundary between Erie County and Niagara County.

Description

The length of Tonawanda Creek is 90 miles (140 km). Its drainage basin is nearly 650 square miles (1,700 km2) in area.[2] It flows on a meandering course for most of its length, first northerly until reaching the City of Batavia where a sweeping bend takes it westerly.

Tonawanda Creek rises in Wyoming County and enters the Niagara River between Niagara County and Erie County, forming a boundary between them. Tonawanda Creek passes through the Village of Attica, the City of Batavia, flows between the City of North Tonawanda to its north and the Town of Amherst to its south, the Town of Clarence, the Town of Tonawanda, and the City of Tonawanda. Just after being joined by Ellicott Creek, it enters the Niagara River.

The creek has a small 30-foot-high (9.1 m) waterfall at Indian Falls[3] where the stream descends from the Onondaga Escarpment.

During the spring of each year, some sections of Tonawanda Creek flood to varying degrees. These floods are more of an inconvenience than a danger, but can be more serious, especially when ice jams dam up the water. The larger flooding can cause property damage.

Tonawanda Creek is also part of the Erie Canal, which joins the creek southwest of Lockport and allows canal traffic to proceed into the Niagara River. In its upper reaches, Tonawanda Creek and the Little Tonawanda, which is a tributary, are trout streams.

History

The name Tonawanda (Te-ni-wun-da)[4] or (Ta-na-wan-deh')[5] derives from the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) language meaning swift water.[4]

Tonawanda Creek flows through the ancient lake bed of Glacial Lake Tonawanda, a prehistoric lake that existed approximately 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age; many of the swamp lands surrounding Tonawanda Creek also date back to this lake.

Downstream of Indian Falls, Tonawanda Creek flows through the Tonawanda Indian Reservation, and this is where George Washington made a troop fording across the stream.[5]

When the Erie Canal was first built, the Tonawanda Creek was the source of water for the western section of the Canal.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Tonawanda Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  2. ^ "Tonawanda Creek". Friends of the Buffalo Niagara Rivers. Archived from the original on December 21, 2005. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  3. ^ "Interesting Facts" (PDF). Town of Pembroke. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Morgan, Lewis Henry; Lloyd, Herbert Marshall (1922). "Book III, Appendix A". League of the Ho-dé-no-sau-nee or Iroquois. Dodd, Mead. p. 129. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
  5. ^ a b "Letters on the Iroquois: Letter XIII". The American Whig Review, Volume 6. Wiley and Putnam. November 1847. p. 488. Retrieved July 17, 2016.