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Timeline of motor vehicle brands
This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appearance of the main (perhaps only) model that was produced. This also gives an idea of what motor vehicles were appearing on the streets in each country around each date (allowing, too, for imports from other countries). Moreover, by showing which models were contemporary, it gives a first indication of how individual designers were being influenced by each other, and a flavor of the entrepreneurial spirit and dynamics of the pioneering days of motor vehicle manufacture.[1][2] Within each year, and country of origin, the lists are structured according to the type of vehicle first introduced. These include the following types: steam, electric, hybrid electric, internal-combustion, touring car, roadster, tonneau, phaeton, cyclecar, light car, voiturette, runabout, high wheeler, buggy, tricar, motor quadricycle, motor tricycle, motorcycle, coach, bus, fire-engine, truck, tractor, racing car, avant-train. Veteran era 1852?Russia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co. 1860Thomas Rickett's steam-powered car was particularly notable in the history of motor vehicle production inasmuch as several examples were made, and it was also advertised. UK. Steam: Rickett 1861US. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon 1873The Bollée family played a significant part in the history of motor vehicle manufacture; the father with his steam car, and one of his sons, in 1895, with an internal-combustion engine design. France. Steam bus: Amédée Bollée 1883 France. Steam: De Dion-Bouton (later internal-combustion, with a patent in 1889) 1884France. Internal-combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville 1885Karl Benz's vehicle was the first true automobile, entirely designed as such, rather than simply being a motorized stage coach or horse carriage. This is why he was granted his patent, and is regarded as its inventor. His wife and sons became the first true motorists, in 1889, when they took the car out for the specific task of paying a family visit. Germany. Internal-combustion: Benz UK. Internal-combustion: Butler Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Laurin & Klement (later Škoda) US. Electric: Armstrong Electric  1887UK. Motorcycle: New Imperial 1889The first Daimler car was a converted carriage, but with innovations that are still adopted today (cushioned engine mountings, fan cooling, finned-radiator water cooling).[3] France. Steam: Peugeot (later internal-combustion, and the first to be entered in an organised race, albeit for bicycles, Paris–Brest–Paris) Germany. Internal-combustion: Daimler (DMG) UK. Internal-combustion: Santler US. Internal-combustion rotary engine: Adams-Farwell 1890Panhard and Levassor's design of a front-mounted engine established the layout of the majority of cars since then. France. Internal-combustion: Panhard-Levassor 1891 US. Steam: Black; steam tractor: Avery; internal-combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy 1893France. Electric (and later internal-combustion): Jeantaud UK. Steam: Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker) US. Internal-combustion: Elmore, Duryea 1894France. Internal-combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte, Berliet, Delahaye UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield US. Electric: Electrobat  1895France. Internal-combustion: Léon Bollée, Corre, Rochet-Schneider UK. Internal-combustion: Knight, Lanchester US. Electric: Morris & Salom US. Internal-combustion: De La Vergne 1896In the UK, the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 replaced the hugely restrictive Locomotive Acts of 1861, 1865 and 1878 (the so-called Red Flag acts) thereby finally freeing up the automotive industry in the UK (and, incidentally, was also the origin of the celebrations of the first London to Brighton Veteran Car Run). Knight had been convicted under the old act, the previous year, for not having a man precede his vehicle with a red flag, and Walter Arnold was the first person to be convicted, in January 1896, for exceeding the speed limit. Meanwhile, Serpollet was issued with what was effectively the first driving licence.  France. Steam: Gardner-Serpollet; internal-combustion: Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol, Darracq, Lorraine-Dietrich, Triouleyre; voiturette: Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon, Léon Bollée; motorcycle: Clément and Gladiator Italy. Internal-combustion: Enrico Bernardi Russia. Internal-combustion: Yakovlev-Frese UK. Steam: Leyland; internal-combustion: Anglo-French, Arnold, Arrol-Johnston, Atkinson and Philipson; motorcycle: Excelsior, motor tricycle: Ariel US. Internal-combustion: Altham, Black, Electric & internal-combustion: Brewster, Haynes-Apperson 1897 France. Steam: Montier & Gillet; electric: Krieger; internal-combustion: Grivel, Juzan, Société Parisienne, Mors; voiturette: Decauville, Richard; avant-train: Amiot UK. Steam: Toward & Philipson; Electric: Bushbury Electric, Neale; electric phaeton: Electric Motive Power; internal-combustion: Belsize; bus: Thomas Harrington US. Electric: Pope; Internal-combustion: Autocar, Oldsmobile, Plass, Winton Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Präsident (Tatra) 1898Belgium. Internal-combustion: Delecroix, Métallurgique France. Internal-combustion: Ailloud, Astresse, Auge, David & Bourgeois, De Dietrich, Lufbery, Poron, Tourey; voiturette: Le Blon, De Riancey; trucks and tractors: Latil; avant-train: Ponsard-Ansaloni Germany. Electric: Kühlstein; internal-combustion: AWE, Wartburg Italy. Internal-combustion: Ceirano GB & C; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Prinetti & Stucchi UK. Electric: Oppermann; internal-combustion: Alldays & Onions, Grose, James and Browne, Madelvic, Star; tricar: Humber; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Arsenal, Eadie, Leuchters; motorcycle: Swift, US. Steam: American Waltham; electric: Riker; internal-combustion: Rutenber, St. Louis; buggy: Stearns 1899 Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus France. Electric: Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre, Monnard; internal-combustion: Allard-Latour, Esculape, La Lorraine, Luc Court, Marot-Gardon, Raouval, Renault (including the first saloon car), Turcat-Méry; light car: Naptholette; voiturette: Andre Py, Cochotte, Populaire, Rouxel; alcohol fuelled: L'Alkolumine Germany. Internal-combustion: Opel Italy. Internal-combustion: Fiat Russia. Electric: Kukushka UK. Electric: Joel-Rosenthal; internal-combustion: Accles-Turrell, Geering; voiturette: Argyll; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Allard, Anglo-American; motorcycle: Coventry-Eagle, OK-Supreme, Quadrant, Royal Enfield US. Steam: Century, Grout, Kensington, Keystone, Kidder, Leach, Liquid Air, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, Waltham Steam; electric: American Electric, Baker, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile, Van Wagoner, Woods; internal-combustion: American, Black, Bramwell-Robinson, Buick, Gasmobile, Gurley, Holyoke, International, Media, Oakman-Hertel, Packard (Ohio), Quick, Sintz  1900Belgium. Hybrid: Pieper; internal-combustion: Nagant, Pipe; voiturette: Antoine Canada. Electric: Canadian Motor France. Internal-combustion: Ader, Ardent, Chenard-Walcker, Maillard, Nanceene, Otto; voiturette: Chainless, Soncin; motorcycle: Buchet, Castoldi Germany. Internal-combustion: Adler, Albion; voiturette: AGG; motorcycle (later trucks): Phänomen Italy. Internal-combustion: Isotta Fraschini UK. Internal-combustion: Hewinson-Bell, Napier, Smith & Dowse; voiturette: Billings-Burns; motorcycle: Rex-Acme US. Steam: Tractobile, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope, Skene, Steamobile; electric: Hewitt-Lindstrom, National; internal-combustion: Auburn, Canda, California, Eureka, Holley, Keystone, Knox, Lozier, Peerless, Rambler, Stearns-Knight; tractor: Samson; truck: Detroit  1901Canada. Light car: Queen France. Internal-combustion: Charron, Corre La Licorne; voiturette: L'Ardennais, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray, Korn et Latil, Malliary; light car: De Boisse Germany. Internal-combustion: Horch, Stoewer; motorcycle: NSU UK. Electric: Electromobile; internal-combustion: Asquith, Imperial, John O'Gaunt, Sunbeam, paraffin fuelled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecar: Campion; light car: Ralph Gilbert; voiturette: Wolseley; motorcycle: Matchless, Singer US. Steam: Aultman, Binney & Burnham, Covert, Desberon, Hidley, Hudson, Reading Steamer, Stearns, White; internal-combustion: Altman, Apperson, Buffalo, Buffum, De Dion, Empire, Marion, Pierce-Arrow, Schaum; touring car: Austin; runabout: Stevens-Duryea; high wheeler: Holsman; motorcycle: Indian 1902Belgium. Internal-combustion: Minerva France. Internal-combustion: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier Germany. Internal-combustion: Aachener, AEG, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorised tricycle/quadricycle: Cyklon Russia. Electric: Dux Spain. Internal-combustion: Anglada UK. Steam: Vapomobile; internal-combustion: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay, Rover, Vulcan; voiturette: Esculapeus, tricar: Advance; motorcycle: Norton, Triumph US. Steam: Clipper, Hoffman, Richmond, Stanley; electric: Studebaker; internal-combustion: Blood, Brennan, Cadillac, Cameron, Cannon, Clarkmobile, Franklin (automobile), Gaeth, Hammer-Sommer, Kirk, Marmon, Reber; runabout: Glide (automobile), Smith, Standard Steel; touring car: Spaulding; light car: Greenleaf, Orient; buggy: American, Union; compound expansion: Eisenhuth; truck: Rapid 1903Belgium. Internal-combustion: Excelsior France. Internal-combustion: Ariès, Clément-Bayard, Delaunay-Belleville, Hotchkiss, Regal, Talbot; light car: Henry Bauchet Germany. Internal-combustion bus/truck: Büssing UK. Electric: Lems; steam (and internal-combustion): Albany; internal-combustion: Attila, Elswick, Kyma, Lea-Francis, Lee Stroyer, Standard, Vauxhall, Whitlock; avant-train: Adams; motorcycle: Chater-Lea, New Hudson, Wilkinson Sword US. Steam: Jaxon; internal-combustion: American Chocolate (Walter), Bates, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson, Vermont, Wilson; motorcycles: Harley-Davidson, touring car: Acme, Berg, Logan, Michigan, Iroquois, Jackson, Phelps, Premier; roadster: Buckmobile; runabout: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher 1904Canada. Internal-combustion: Russell France. Internal-combustion: Cottin & Desgouttes, Grégoire; voiturette: Lavie; motor tricycle: La Va Bon Train Germany. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Wenkelmobil Italy. Internal-combustion: Itala Spain. Internal-combustion: Hispano-Suiza UK. Electric: Imperial; internal-combustion: Arbee, Armstrong Whitworth, Ascot, Calthorpe, Chambers, Crossley, Croxted, Iden, Motor Carrier, Queen; voiturette: Achilles; light car: Gilburt; tricar: Garrard; motorcycle: Phelon & Moore, Zenith US. Steam: Empire Steamer; electric: Berwick, Marquette; internal-combustion: American, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie, Cleveland, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne, Maxwell, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine, Queen, Sampson, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland), Standard, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring car: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller, Jeffery, Pungs Finch, Richmond, Royal, Thomas, Upton; runabout: Courier, Fredonia, Northern, Pierce, Pope-Tribune; tractor: Holt Brass era1905 France. Internal-combustion: Alliance, Brasier, Charlon, Couverchel, Delage, Eudelin, Rolland-Pilain, Sizaire-Naudin; touring car: Rebour; light car: Helbé, Urric; voiturette: Eureka; motorcycle: Herdtle & Bruneau Germany. Steam: Altmann; internal-combustion: Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, Solidor Italy. Internal-combustion: Diatto, Zust UK. Electric: Alexandra, Ekstromer; internal-combustion: Adams, Austin, Edismith, Riley, Sunbeam-Talbot, Talbot; light car: One of the Best; tricar: Anglian; motorcycle: Velocette US. Electric: Rauch and Lang; internal-combustion: Aerocar, Ardsley, Ariel, Cartercar, Corwin, Crown, Harrison, Haynes, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules, Stoddard-Dayton; touring car: Detroit-Oxford, Diamond T, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, USA Daimler; roadster: Walker, Western; light car: Bell, buggy: Deal, Hammer; motorcycle: Excelsior-Henderson, Shawmobile  1906Belgium. Internal-combustion: Impéria; hybrid: Auto-Mixte France. Internal-combustion: AM, Ampère, Antoinette, Lion-Peugeot, Unic; light car: Doriot, Flandrin & Parant; voiturette and motorcycle: Alcyon Germany. Internal-combustion: AAG Italy. Internal-combustion: Aquila Italiana, Fial, Peugeot-Croizat, SCAT, SPA, Standard UK. Internal-combustion: All-British, Ladas, Marlborough, Rolls-Royce; light car: Jowett; tricar: Addison, Armadale; dual-control car: Academy; hybrid bus: Tilling-Stevens; motorcycle: Dot US. Steam: Doble, Ross; electric: Babcock; internal-combustion: ALCO, American, American Simplex, Apollo, Atlas, Bliss, Car de Luxe, Deere, Dorris, Dragon, Frontenac, Hol-Tan, Jewell, Kissel, Model, Moore (Ball-Bearing Car); touring car: Heine-Velox, Moon; roadster: Colburn; light car: Janney; high wheeler: ABC, Black, McIntyre, Success 1907Belgium. Internal-combustion: Springuel Canada. Internal-combustion: McLaughlin France. Internal-combustion: Ariane, Jean-Bart, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette: Couteret, Obus, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar: Austral, Mototri Contal; hybrid: AL; amphibious: Ravailler; racing car: De Bazelaire UK. Internal-combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane, Hillman; truck: Commer; motorcycle: Douglas US. Electric: American Juvenile Electric, Detroit Electric; internal-combustion: Allen Kingston, Anderson, Carter Twin-Engine, Continental, Corbitt, Fuller, Griswold, Maryland, Kiblinger, Oakland, Regal, Speedwell; high wheeler: Eureka, Hatfield, Single Center, Staver; roadster: CVI; runabout: Albany, Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel, Nielson  1908France. Internal-combustion: Le Pratic, X; phaeton: Siscart; voiturette: Roussel Germany. Internal-combustion: Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir, Lloyd Italy. Internal-combustion: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino Russia. Internal-combustion: Russo-Balt UK. Internal-combustion: Arno, Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car: Argon; light car: Alex; motorcycle: Premier US. Internal-combustion: Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope, Havers, Imperial, Paige, Sears, Velie; touring car: Moyer; high wheeler: Cole, De Schaum, DeWitt, Hobbie Accessible, Michigan; runabout: Simplo; cyclecar: Browniekar; buggy: Davis 1909France. Internal-combustion: Bugatti, FL, La Ponette, Le Zèbre Italy. Racing car: Brixia-Zust; motorcycle: Della Ferrera Netherlands. Internal-combustion: Entrop UK. Internal-combustion: Pilot US. Internal-combustion: Abbott-Detroit, Anhut, Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart, Cutting, EMF, Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State, Lion, Pilot; touring car: Crawford, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six; roadster: Coyote, Hudson, Kauffman; runabout: Brush; small car: Herreshoff, Hitchcock, KRIT; light car: Courier; buggy: Paterson; raceabout: Mercer; racing car: McFarlan; truck: Chase, Sanford-Herbert  1910Canada. Internal-combustion: Gareau France. Internal-combustion: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, Mathis, Plasson; light car: Simplicia; cyclecar: Bédélia Germany. Internal-combustion: Ansbach, Apollo, Audi Italy. Internal-combustion: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri UK. Steam: AMC; internal-combustion: Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar: GN US. Electric: Grinnell; internal-combustion: Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders, Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington, Maytag-Mason, Parry, Spaulding, United States; touring car: Carhartt, Chalmers, Detroit-Dearborn, Etnyre, Faulkner-Blanchard, Great Southern; tonneau: Henry, Midland; roadster: Ames, King-Remick, Penn; runabout: Empire; cyclecar: Autoette; high wheeler: Anchor Buggy; buggy: Aldo 1911Canada. Internal-combustion: Clinton France. Cyclecar: Enders Germany. Internal-combustion: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve: Standard Italy. Motorcycle: Benelli  UK. Internal-combustion: Aberdonia, AGR, Airedale, GWK, Newton-Bennett, Roper-Corbet; cyclecar: Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert; motorcycle: Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, Villiers US. Electric: Hupp-Yeats, Century, Dayton Electric; internal-combustion: America, Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day, Gaylord, American Jonz (automobile) (The American), King, Komet, Marathon, Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield, Stutz, Virginian, Willys; tractor: Mogul; fire-engine: Ahrens-Fox, 1912Canada. Internal-combustion: Amherst France. Electric: Anderson Electric, internal-combustion: Albatros, Alda, Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, SCAP; light car: Luxior, truck: Laffly, avant-train: Ponts, Hungary. Internal-combustion: Raba Italy. Internal-combustion: Storero  Spain. Internal-combustion: Abadal UK. Steam: Sheppee; internal-combustion: ABC; cyclecar: Adamson, Arden, Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch, Hampton, HCE, Tiny, Tyseley; motorcycle: NUT, Sunbeam US. Electric: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal-combustion: Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder, Standard; touring car: Miller, Westcott; light-car: Lad's Car, Little; tricar: American Tri-Car, motorcycle: Cyclone; truck: Brockway, Palmer-Moore 1913 Belgium. Internal-combustion: Alatac France. Internal-combustion: Ajax, Alba, Alva, Rougier; cyclecar: Jouvie Spain. Cyclecar: David UK. Internal-combustion: Morris, Perry, Woodrow, WW; light car: Ace, Lucar; cyclecar: Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam, BPD, Britannia, Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne, Wilbrook, Wrigley; motocycle: Montgomery US. Electric: American Electric; internal-combustion: Allen (Ohio), Allen (Philadelphia), Chandler, Flyer, Grant, Lyons-Knight, Monarch; cyclecar: Car-Nation, Coey, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout, JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess, Twombly; touring car: Keeton; roadster: Saxon, Scripps-Booth; sports car: Duesenberg; motocycle: Bi-Autogo 1914France. Internal-combustion: Ascot, Donnet-Zedel; light car: Nardini Japan. Internal-combustion: DAT Italy. Maserati UK. Internal-combustion: Trojan, Utopian; light car: Bifort, cyclecar: Bradwell, Buckingham, Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motocycle: ABC US. Electric: Ward; internal-combustion: Ajax, American, Benham, Dile, Keystone, Light, Monroe, MPM, Partin, Willys-Knight; touring car: Alter; roadster: Metz, Vulcan; light car: Fischer, Lincoln; cyclecar: Argo, Arrow, Biesel, CAC, Cricket, Davis, Dodge, Engler, Excel, Hawk, Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones, Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia  1915Canada. Internal-combustion: Gray-Dort, Regal UK. Internal-combustion: Atalanta; sports car: Aston Martin US. Electric: Menominee, hybrid electric: Owen Magnetic, internal-combustion: All-Steel, Apple, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe, Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross, Smith Flyer, light car: Bell, Harvard, cyclecar: Koppin, racing car: Frontenac, 1916Russia: AMO US. Electric: Belmont; internal-combustion: Aland, American Junior,[4] Auto Red Bug,[4] Bush, Daniels, Dixie Flyer, Hackett, HAL, Jordan, Liberty, Sun, Yale; touring car: Barley, Marion-Handley, Germany: BMW 1917 Canada. Internal-combustion: Moose Jaw Standard UK. Cyclecar: Gibbons US. Internal-combustion: Able, Amalgamated, American, Anderson, Columbia, Commonwealth, Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar; touring car: Harroun, Nelson, Olympian; light car: Gem; truck: Nash, 1918Italy: trucks OM UK. Internal-combustion: All British Ford; motorcycle: Cotton US. Steam: Bryan, internal-combustion: Essex; motorcycle: Ner-a-Car  1919France. Internal-combustion: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar: ASS, Soriano-Pedroso Germany. Internal-combustion: AGA, Anker UK. Internal-combustion: Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower, Ruston-Hornsby, Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecar: Aero Car, Ashby, AV, Castle Three, Economic, Tamplin; motorcycle: Brough Superior, Coventry-Victor, Dunelt, Duzmo US. Internal-combustion: Amco, Argonne, Climber, Du Pont, Graham-Paige; truck: Huffman Vintage era1920Belgium. Light car: ALP  France. Electric: Electricar; internal-combustion: Janémian, Jouffret, Radior; cyclecar: Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, Santax; sports car: Fonlupt Germany. Internal-combustion: Joswin, Selve; touring car: Steiger Japan: Mazda UK. Internal-combustion: Aeroford, Cubitt, Galloway, Palmerston, Payze; light car: Albert; cyclecar: Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell, Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound, Cambro, CFB, Winson; sports car: Sports Junior USA: Ace, Alsace, Aluminum, Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll, Colonial, Colonial/Shaw, Friend, Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette, Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan, Standard Steam Car, Stanwood 1921Canada: Brock Six, London Six  France: Amilcar, Ballot, Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, Solanet Germany: Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic, Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, Zündapp Italy: Ansaldo, Aurea, IENA, motorcycle: Moto Guzzi Japan: Ales UK: Amazon, Barnard, Scott Sociable, Skeoch US. Steam: Coats, Davis, internal combustion: Adria, Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic, Birmingham, Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant, Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler, Wills Sainte Claire 1922Canada: Colonial France: Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG, Vaillant UK: Abbey, Abingdon, Albatros, Alberford, Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynne, Packman & Poppe, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, Xtra US. Steam: Alena, American Steamer, Endurance, internal combustion: ABC, Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker, DAC, Dagmar, Detroit, Gray, Jewett, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker, Star, Stewart-Coats 1923Belgium: ADK, De Wandre, Juwel Canada. Steam: Brooks Germany: Alan, Kenter, Pilot, motorcycle: BMW  1924Czech Republic: Skoda France: AEM, AS, Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset Germany: Amor, Ehrhardt-Szawe, Tempo Japan: Otomo US. Steam: American; internal-combustion: Chrysler, Junior R, Pennant  1925Belgium: Jeecy-Vea France: Heinis, Jack Sport Germany: Hanomag, Sablatnig-Beuchelt, Seidel-Arop Italy: Amilcar Italiana, Maggiora, Moretti UK: Brocklebank, Invicta, Jappic, McEvoy, MG USA: Empire Steam Car, Ajax, Diana 1926France: Alma, Arzac, Chaigneau-Brasier, Constantinesco, Lambert, Ratier, SAFAF, Sensaud de Lavaud, Tracta Germany: Daimler-Benz, Gutbrod, Mercedes-Benz UK: Arab, HP, Marendaz, Swallow  Pontiac 1927France: Rosengart, Silva-Coroner UK: Arrol-Aster, Avro, Streamline (Burney Car) USA: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle Sweden: Volvo 1928 1929France: Alphi, Michel Irat Germany: Borgward Italy: Ferrari Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Izh Spain: National Pescara UK: Alta USA: American Austin, Blackhawk, Cord, Roosevelt, Ruxton, Viking, Windsor Pre-war years1930Belgium: Astra Germany: Ardie-Ganz Soviet Union: KIM  1931Germany: Maikäfer Soviet Union: ZIS Japan: Datsun UK: Squire USA: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile) 1932Italy: Nardi Poland: Polski Fiat Soviet Union: GAZ UK: Vale Special USA: Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger 1933France: Tracford Germany: Standard Superior UK: André, Railton, SS Cars (predecessor of Jaguar Cars) USA: Continental 1934 France: Simca Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz Japan: Ohta Jidosha UK: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft 1935France: Talbot-Lago Germany: Henschel UK: Autovia, Batten, Jensen, Reliant USA: Stout Scarab 1936UK: Allard, HRG, Lammas, Lloyd, Skirrow Japan: Toyota 1937Germany: Volkswagen UK: Atalanta 1938UK: Nuffield War years1939Soviet Union: SMZ USA: Albatross, Crosley, truck: Peterbilt Italy: Ferrari 1940UK: DMW 1941Soviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle: IMZ-Ural 1942Brazil. Trucks: F.N.M. 1943Soviet Union. Trucks: Ural 1945Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Dnipro UK: Bristol, Healey, Jaguar Cars USA: Kaiser-Frazer Post-war years.jpg) 1946France: Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, Rovin Germany: Messerschmitt Hungary: Csepel Italy: Bandini, Cisitalia, Stanguellini; Trucks: Astra Veicoli Industriali Soviet Union: Moskvitch; motorcycle: ZiD Spain: Pegaso UK: Cooper USA: American Motors Incorporated, Frazer 1947Canada: Studebaker France: Aerocarene, Alamagny Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati, O.S.C.A. Soviet Union. Trucks: Minsk Automobile Plant UK: Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler  1948France: J-P Wimille Germany: Fend Flitzer Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata Japan. Motorcycle: Marusho Soviet Union. Trucks: BelAZ UK: EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar USA: Autoette, Keller, Tucker Sedan 1949France: Atlas India: AUTOPRD Soviet Union: RAF Japan: Honda (Motorcycle) UK: Dellow USA: Aerocar, Airway, Glasspar G2; scooter: PMC 1950France: Autobleu Germany: Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, Staunau Spain: SEAT USA: Muntz 1951France: Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, Reyonnah Germany: Glas Poland: FSO Soviet Union. Trucks: KAZ; motorcycle: Minsk USA: Nash-Healey 1952France: Martin-Spéciale, Poinard Soviet Union: PAZ UK: Austin-Healey, BMC, Greeves, Lotus 1953Germany: EMW Japan: Subaru USA: Eshelman, Fina-Sport 1954France: Alpine, Facel Vega Spain: Serveta UK: Astra, Fairthorpe, Rodley, Swallow Doretti USA: AMC, Studebaker-Packard 1955Belgium: Meeussen Germany: Goggomobil, Zwickau Italy: Autobianchi 1956France: Arista Germany: Heinkel Kabine Soviet Union: ZiL, KAG; scooter: TMZ, Vyatka USA: Auto Cub, Devin, Dual-Ghia 1957Romania: ARO UK: Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado 1958Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks: BAZ, KrAZ USA: Edsel, Streco Turnpike Cruiser 1959India: Vehicle Factory Jabalpur Soviet Union: LiAZ UK: Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, Marcos USA: Argonaut, Nu-Klea Starlite Classic era1960India: Ideal Jawa US. Replica veteran car: Gaslight 1961Germany: Amphicar Soviet Union: ZAZ UK: Diva 1962Canada: Acadian France: Automobiles René Bonnet Soviet Union: AvtoKuban Japan. Motorcycle: Kawasaki USA: Apollo 1963Italy: ATS, Scuderia Serenissima, Lamborghini UK: Bond, Gordon-Keeble USA: Exner Revival Cars; trucks: Marmon Japan: Honda (Car) 1964Italy: ASA Soviet Union: ErAZ USA: Fiberfab 1965France: Matra India: Heavy Vehicles Factory Italy: Ferves Soviet Union: IzhAvto Spain: IPV 1966Bulgaria: Bulgarrenault Italy: Bizzarrini Soviet Union: Lada; trucks: MoAZ Romania: Dacia UK: Norton-Villiers, Trident, Unipower 1967Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine India: Tata motors 1968Italy: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex Turkey: Tofaş UK: Piper USA: Savage GT 1969Australia. Trucks: RFW Brazil. Cars: Gurgel China: Dongfeng Soviet Union. Trucks: Kamaz UK: Enfield See also
References
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