Timeline of Harare

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Harare, Zimbabwe.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 20th century

• 1890 – Fort Salisbury founded in Mashonaland by British South Africa Company.[1]
• 1891 – Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times newspaper begins publication.[2]
• 1896 – Salisbury Polo Club formed.
• 1897
  • Harare Township built.[1]
  • Salisbury attains municipal status.[1]
• 1899 – Beira-Salisbury railway begins operating.[1][3]

20th century

• 1902
  • Botswana-Salisbury railway begins operating.[1]
  • Queen Victoria Memorial Library founded.[4]
• 1915 – Meikles Hotel in business.
• 1923 – Town becomes capital of Southern Rhodesia,[5] a self-governing British colony.
• 1927 – Salisbury Technical School established.[1]
• 1933 – Town House built.[6]
• 1936 – Library of the National Archives founded.[7]
• 1939 – Honorary Consulate of Poland opened.[8]
• 1945 – Railway strike.[9]
• 1946
  • Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers Union established.[10]
  • Population: 54,090.[11]
• 1948
  • General strike.[10]
  • Zimbabwe College of Music established.[1]
• 1950 – Gwebe College of Agriculture established.[1]
• 1951
  • Stock exchange established.
  • Population: 90,024.[11]
• 1953
  • City becomes capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
  • Helping Hand Club (women's group) formed.[12]
• 1955 – University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and Salisbury City Youth League[13] established.
• 1956
  • Salisbury Airport commissioned.
  • Bus boycott.[14]
• 1957 – Rhodes National Gallery opens.[15][16]
• 1959 – Pearl Assurance House built.
• 1960 – Central Film Laboratories in business.[17]
• 1962
  • First International Congress of African Culture held in city.[16]
  • Queen Victoria Memorial Library rebuilt.[18]
• 1964 – Greenwood Park established.[6]
• 1969 – The Financial Gazette begins publication.

View of the city in the 1970s

• 1970 – Chapungu Sculpture Park founded.[6]
• 1972
  • Zimbabwe National Library and Documentation Service headquartered in city.[7]
  • Construction of New Mabvuku begins.^[citation needed]
• 1973 - Population: 502,000 urban agglomeration.[19]
• 1975 – Mabvuku High School opens in Mabvuku.
• 1977 – 6 August: Bombing.
• 1978 – Oil storage tanks set on fire by the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army.[20]

1980s–1990s

• 1980 18 April: City becomes part of independent Republic of Zimbabwe.
• 1981
  • December: Bombing of ZANU-PF headquarters.[21]
  • National Heroes' Acre monument built near city.[22]
• 1982 18 April: City renamed "Harare."[23]
• 1984 – Harare Publishing House established.[24]
• 1985 – Karigamombe Centre built.
• 1986 – September: City hosts Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Harare in the 1990s

• 1990
  • Sister city relationship established with Cincinnati, US.[25]
  • ZANU–PF Building is completed
• 1991 – October: City hosts Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991; Harare Declaration issued.
• 1992 - Population: 1,189,103.[26]
• 1995 – September: City hosts 1995 All-Africa Games.
• 1996
  • Rainbow City Cinema in business.[27]
  • Eastgate built.[28]
  • Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe headquartered in city.[29]
• 1997 – New Reserve Bank tower built.
• 1998
  • Weaver Press publishing house established
  • Economic protest.[30]
  • Zimbabwe International Film Festival begins.
  • December: City hosts meeting of World Council of Churches.
• 1999
  • Daily News begins publication.
  • Zimbabwe Catholic University established.^[citation needed]
  • Harare International Festival of the Arts begins.
  • Media Monitoring Project headquartered in city.[31]
• 2000 – Millennium Towers built.

21st century

Aerial view of Harare, circa 2005

2000s

• 2001 – Harare Tribune newspaper begins publication.
• 2002 – Elias Mudzuri becomes mayor.[32][33]
• 2003
  • Water shortage.[34]
  • Sekesai Makwavarara becomes acting mayor.[35]
• 2004 – Harare International Airport terminal built (approximate date).
• 2005 – Operation Murambatsvina.[33]
• 2008
  • Emmanuel Chiroto elected mayor, succeeded by Muchadeyi Masunda.[36]
  • Harare Residents Trust organised.[37]
  • Cholera outbreak.
• 2009
  • First Floor Gallery Harare in business.
  • Population: 1,513,173.[38]

2010s

• 2010
  • NewsDay begins publication.[39]
  • Zimbabwe Fashion Week begins.[40]
  • Joina City tower built.
• 2012 - Population: 1,485,231.[41]
• 2013 - Bernard Gabriel Manyenyeni becomes mayor.[42]
• 2017 - The military of Zimbabwe seize power and place the president under house arrest.

See also

• Harare history
• List of mayors of Harare
• Timeline of Bulawayo

References

1. Mlambo 2003.
2. "Harare (Zimbabwe) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
3. "Rhodesia", Encyclopedia Americana, NY: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1919
4. Robert Wedgeworth, ed. (1993), "Zimbabwe", World encyclopedia of library and information services, US: American Library Association, ISBN 0838906095
5. Owomoyela 2002.
6. "Sight Seeing in Harare". City of Harare. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
7. World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011, ISBN 9783110230710
8. Ceranka, Paweł; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 342. ISBN 978-83-65681-93-5.
9. Kenneth P. Vickery (1998). "The Rhodesia Railways African Strike of 1945, Part I: A Narrative Account". Journal of Southern African Studies. 24 (3): 545–560. doi:10.1080/03057079808708589. JSTOR 2637660.
10. Terence Ranger (1985), Peasant consciousness and guerilla war in Zimbabwe, London: Currey, ISBN 0852550006
11. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
12. Michael Oliver West (2002). The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898 – 1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253215242.
13. Timothy Scarnecchia (2008), The urban roots of democracy and political violence in Zimbabwe, University of Rochester Press, ISBN 9781580462815
14. Scarnecchia 1996.
15. "History". National Gallery of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
16. "Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
17. Katrina Daly Thompson (2013), Zimbabwe's cinematic arts, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253006462
18. About Us, Harare City Library, retrieved 30 September 2014
19. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Salisbury
20. Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo, ed. (2009), Becoming Zimbabwe, Harare: Weaver Press, ISBN 9781779220837
21. Andrew Norman (2004), Robert Mugabe and the betrayal of Zimbabwe, Jefferson, N.C: McFarland Publishers, ISBN 0786416866
22. Historical Buildings, City of Harare, archived from the original on 31 August 2015
23. "Zimbabwe's capital to be renamed Harare". The New York Times. 19 April 1982.
24. "Zimbabwe: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 1857431839.
25. "Cincinnati USA Sister City Association". US. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
26. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
27. "Movie Theaters in Harare, Zimbabwe". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
28. ArchNet. "Harare". US: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.
29. "Women Filmmakers of Zimbabwe". Women's Coalition of Zimbabwe. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
30. Alois S. Mlambo (2014). "Timeline". History of Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-02170-9.
31. "Organizational Profile". Harare: Media Monitoring Project. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012.
32. "Demise of Herare". The Financial Gazette. 13 February 2013.^[permanent dead link‍]
33. Jon Lee Anderson (27 October 2008). "Letter from Zimbabwe". The New Yorker.
34. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Harare, Zimbabwe". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
35. Kamete 2006.
36. "His Worship the Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013.
37. "Profiles: Harare Residents' Trust Board of Trustees". The Zimbabwean. UK. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013.
38. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
39. Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Zimbabwe Newspapers and News on the Internet". Africa South of the Sahara. US. Retrieved 15 May 2013 – via Stanford University.
40. "Zimbabwe Fashion Week getting better", The Standard, 8 September 2013
41. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
42. "Mayor". City of Harare. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015.

Bibliography

Published in 20th century

• Neil Dewar (1991). "Harare". In Anthony Lemon (ed.). Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33321-0.
• Terri Barnes; Everjoice Win (1992), To live a better life: an oral history of women in the city of Harare, 1930–70, Harare, Zimbabwe: Baobab Books, ISBN 0908311354
• Carole Rakodi (1995), Harare: Inheriting a Settler-Colonial City; Change or Continuity?, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471949510
• Nelson T. Samburenia (1996). "Emergence of independent African trade unions in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, 1920s to 1950s: Toward mass nationalism?". Kleio. 28.
• Timothy Scarnecchia (1996). "Poor Women and Nationalist Politics: Alliances and Fissures in the Formation of a Nationalist Political Movement in Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1950-6". Journal of African History. 37 (2): 283–310. doi:10.1017/S0021853700035234. JSTOR 183187. S2CID 162454994.
• Kinuthia Macharia (1997). Social and political dynamics of the informal economy in African cities: Nairobi and Harare. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-0840-4.
• Teresa A. Barnes (1999), 'We Women Worked so Hard': Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930–1956, Heinemann, ISBN 9780325001739
• Patrick Bond (1999). "Capital in the city: a history of urban financialflows through colonial Harare". In Brian Raftopoulos and Tsuneo Yoshikuni (ed.). Sites of Struggle. Weaver Press Ltd. ISBN 0797419845.

Published in 21st century

• Governing the Poor in Harare, Zimbabwe, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
• Oyekan Owomoyela (2002). "Introduction: Cities: Harare". Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe. Greenwood. p. 7+. ISBN 978-0-313-31583-1.
• Stanley D. Brunn; et al., eds. (2003), "Harare", Cities of the World (3rd ed.), Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 084769898X
• Alois Mlambo (2003). "Harare". In Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza (ed.). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
• Luc J. A. Mougeot, ed. (2005). "(Harare)". Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture. International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-1-55250-186-3.
• Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Harare". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Amin Y. Kamete (2006). "The Return of the Jettisoned: ZANU-PF's Crack at 'Re-Urbanising' in Harare". Journal of Southern African Studies. 32 (2): 255–271. Bibcode:2006JSAfS..32..255K. doi:10.1080/03057070600656143. JSTOR 25065091. S2CID 153859378.
• Terence O. Ranger (2007). "City Versus State in Zimbabwe: Colonial Antecedents of the Current Crisis". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 1 (2): 161–192. doi:10.1080/17531050701452390. S2CID 154586516. (Includes information about Harare)
• Innocent Chirisa (28 November 2012), "Social Capital Dynamics in the Post-colonial Harare Urbanscape", in Joseph D. Lewandowski and Gregory W. Streich (ed.), Urban social capital, Burlington, VT: Ashgate (published 2011), p. 199+, ISBN 9781409412243

External links

• "(Harare)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Harare)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Harare)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Harare)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
• "(Harare)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Harare)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
• "Harare, Zimbabwe". BlackPast.org. US. 8 October 2014.

Images

• 
  International Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, held in Harare in 1986
• 
  Africa Unity Square [sn], 1992