Timeline of Białystok

This is a sub-article to History of Białystok

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
• 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
• 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
• 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
• 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
• 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
• 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
• 1753 - Center of the city burns down
• 1756 - Jan Klemens Branicki, owner of Białystok, divorces his third wife
• 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.[6]
• 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok (1769) [pl], part of the War of the Bar Confederation
• 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
• 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
• 1776 – Polish 5th Regiment of Fusiliers of Crown Artillery stationed in Białystok.[7]
• 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
• 1795 – City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland and made the administrative seat of the Białystok Department[1]
• 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka

19th century

• 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
• 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
• 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
• 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
• 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
• 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
• 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
• 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
• 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
• 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
• 1842 - City becomes administratively part of the Grodno Governorate.
• 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
• 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
• 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
• 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
• 1861
  • 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.[8]
  • 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[9]
  • 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
• 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
• 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
• 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.[10]
• 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
• 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
• 1889 - Population: 56,629.[1]
• 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
• 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
• 1897 - Population: 63,927.[11]
• 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department

20th century

1901–1939

Białystok city center around 1900

• 1901 - Population: 65,781.[1]
• 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
• 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.[12]
• 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
• 1912
  • Tsarist prison built.[13]
  • Population: 98,170.[14]
• 1913
  • City's first Polish scout troop founded.[15]
  • Great Synagogue built.
• 1915
  • City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
  • 29 November: Polish Real Gymnasium founded.[15]
• 1918
  • 11–13 November: Poles disarmed the Germans following the restoration of Polish independence.[16]
  • 14 November: City re-occupied by Germany.[16]
• 1919
  • Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
  • Białostoczek becomes part of city.^[citation needed]
• 1920
  • 22 September: Battle of Białystok - Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
  • Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.

Józef Piłsudski's visit to Białystok in 1921

• 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[17]
• 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
• 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.[18]
• 1937
  • Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
  • Population: 100,101.[17]
• 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.

World War II (1939–1945)

• 1939
  • September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
  • 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.[19]
  • 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
  • October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.[18]
  • November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Region.
• 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.[20]
• 1940–1941 - Mass deportations of some 20,000 Polish citizens by the Russians from the Białystok Fabryczny railway station to the USSR, incl. Siberia (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).[21]
• 1941
  • 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins. On that day, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of Białystok's Jews were massacred by the Ordnungspolizei.
  • City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
  • July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[12]
  • Autumn: Oflag 57 prisoner-of-war camp moved from Ostrołęka to Białystok.[22]
• 1942
  • 25 May: Oflag 57 POW camp dissolved.[22]
  • July: Stalag 316 POW camp moved from Wołkowysk to Białystok.[23]
  • 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[24]
• 1943
  • February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deporations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.[25]
  • 20 February: Stalag 316 POW camp dissolved.[26]
  • 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
  • 21 August: Transport of Białystok children. Jewish children deported by the occupiers from Białystok to Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.

Soviet bombing damages in 1944

• 1944
  • July: occupied by the Soviets
  • mass arrests of Polish resistance members by the Soviets, around 1,200 Poles placed in the local prison by 7 November.[27]
  • September: the city returned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
  • 8 November: deportation of 1,030 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[27]
  • 12 November: deportation of 1,014 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
  • 24 November: deportation of 900 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
  • 27 December: deportation of 790 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Novomoskovsk (then Stalinogorsk).[28]
• 1945 - 30 January: deportation of 1,242 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Skopin.[28]

1945–2000

• 1946 - Population: 56,759.[17]
• 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
• 1949 - Podlaskie Museum [pl] founded.
• 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
• 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[29]
• 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[30]
• 1956 - Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, food, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[31]
• 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok [pl] established.
• 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.

Białystok University of Technology

• 1974
  • Białystok University of Technology active.
  • Population: 187,100.[32]
• 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
• 1990
  • Białystok History Museum [pl] founded.
  • Lech Rutkowski [pl] becomes mayor.
  • Piłsudski monument, Białystok [pl] installed at Kościuszko Square.
• 1991 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok established.[33]
• 1992 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok elevated to Archdiocese.
• 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[29]
• 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

21st century

Białystok city center in 2017

• 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
• 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
• 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
• 2009
  • Zamenhof Centre opens.
  • World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
• 2011 - 4 March: Honorary Consulate of Croatia opened (see Croatia–Poland relations).[34]
• 2012 - Population: 294,900.[35]
• 2013 - 10 July: Honorary Consulate of Finland opened (see Finland–Poland relations).[36]
• 2015 - December: Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg opened (see Luxembourg–Poland relations).
• 2018
  • 1 March: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.[37]
  • 11 April: Monument to the victims of Soviet deportations of Poles during World War II unveiled at the Białystok Fabryczny railway station.[21]
• 2020 - Monument to Polish mothers deported to Siberia unveiled.[38]
• 2021 - 19 September: Khachkar commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide and Armenian soldiers fallen in the battle for Artsakh unveiled.[39]
• 2022
  • 29 May: Monument to soldiers of the pre-war Polish 42nd Infantry Regiment-footballers of Jagiellonia Białystok unveiled in front of the municipal stadium.[40]
  • 23 June: Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan opened (see Kazakhstan–Poland relations).[41]
  • 29 June: Honorary Consulate of Serbia opened (see Poland–Serbia relations).[42]
• 2023
  • 24 May: Polish–Uzbekistani Historical Commission founded (see Poland–Uzbekistan relations).[43]
  • 23 November: Honorary Consulate of Latvia opened (see Latvia–Poland relations).[44]
• 2024 - 25 May: Jagiellonia Białystok won its first Polish football championship.

See also

• History of Białystok
• Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok

References

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

1. Britannica 1910.
2. George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
3. Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
4. "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
5. Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
6. Grażyna Rogala. "Dom staromiejski". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
7. Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
8. Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim (in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 8. ISBN 978-83-88372-50-6.
9. Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 9
10. Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 13
11. "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
12. "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
13. Grażyna Rogala. "Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
14. "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
15. Dworakowski, Jan (2017). "Początki harcerstwa na Białostocczyźnie (1913-1923)". In Cymbalisty, Wojciech Jan; Waczyński, Józef (eds.). Polskie tradycje niepodległościowe Choroszczy i okolic (in Polish). Rogówek: Fundacja Pole Kultury. p. 151. ISBN 978-83-949254-2-0.
16. Dworakowski, p. 154
17. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
18. Sylwia Wieczeryńska. "Wystawa "Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
19. Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 55.
20. "Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)". Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
21. "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik przy dworcu, z którego odbywały się deportacje na Wschód". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
22. Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
23. Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
24. "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
25. Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
26. Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
27. Zwolski, Marcin (2005). "Deportacje internowanych Polakow z wojewodztwa białostockiego 1944–1945". Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 8. IPN. p. 98. ISSN 1427-7476.
28. Zwolski, p. 99
29. "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
30. "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
31. "Odsłonięto tablicę upamiętniającą solidarność białostoczan z narodem węgierskim". Radio Białystok (in Polish). 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
32. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
33. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
34. "Bialystok, otwarcie konsulatu" (in Polish). 4 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
35. "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Review Tables: Cities
36. "Najnowszy Konsulat Honorowy Finlandii otwarto w Białymstoku". Finland Abroad (in Polish). 11 July 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
37. "Pomnik Inki w Białymstoku". Białystok - Oficjalny Portal Miasta (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
38. "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający Bohaterskie Matki Sybiraczki [zdjęcia]". Radio Białystok (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
39. "Chaczkar stanął w Białymstoku". Awedis (in Polish). No. 48. 2021. p. 2.
40. "Przy stadionie odsłonięto pomnik żołnierzy 42. Pułku Piechoty". Eska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
41. "Otwarcie konsulatu Kazachstanu w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
42. "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Serbii w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
43. "Powołanie Polsko-Uzbekistańskiej Komisji historycznej". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
44. "W Białymstoku powstał Konsulat Republiki Łotewskiej". Podlaskie.eu (in Polish). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.

Bibliography

• "Byelostok", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752920
• "Byelostok" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 895.
• "Bialystok". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t6zw2kd65. OCLC 1328163 – via HathiTrust.
• William Henry Beable (1919), "Byelystok", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
• Rebecca Kobrin (7 May 2010). Jewish Bialystok and its Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00428-4.

External links

• Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)