Timeline of Baghdad
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Baghdad , Iraq .
2000 BCE – Babylonian city of Baghdadu in existence (approximate date).[ 1]
762 CE
767 – Al-Mansur Mosque built.[ 4]
775 – Bab al-Taq (gate) built.[ 5]
786 – Harun al-Rashid in power.[ 6]
794 – Paper mill in operation.[ 6] [ 7]
799 – Mashhad al-Kazimiyya built.[ 4]
812-813 Siege of Baghdad , Fourth Fitna (Islamic Civil War)
814 – City captured by al-Ma'mun .[ 6]
827 – Tomb of Zobeide built.[ 8]
836 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tasim relocated from Baghdad to Samarra .[ 9]
850 – Book of Ingenious Devices published.[ 10]
855 – Funeral of Ahmad ibn Hanbal .[ 11]
861 – 11 December: Caliph Al-Mutawakkil assassinated.[ 6]
865 – City wall built.[ 12]
865-866 Caliphal Civil War , was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra " between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz .
892 – Abbasid Caliphate of Al-Mu'tamid relocated to Baghdad from Samarra .[ 9]
901 – Jami al-Qasr (mosque) built.[ 13]
908 – Al-Khulafa Mosque built.[ 4]
946 – Battle of Baghdad ; Shia Buyids in power.[ 9]
993 – Dar al-'Ilm (educational institution) founded.[ 14]
1055 – Seljuq Nizam al-Mulk in power.[ 6]
1060 – Dar al-Kutub (library) founded.[ 14]
1066 – Abu Hanifa Mosque restored.[citation needed ]
1067 – Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (college) established.[ 9] [ 15]
1095 – City wall rebuilt.[ 12]
1157 - Siege of Baghdad , Abbasid–Seljuq Wars
1180 – Caliph al-Nasir in power.
1193 – Jami' Zumurrud Khatun (mosque) and Turbat Zumurrud Khatun (tomb) built.[ 4]
1202 – Minaret of Jami' al-Khaffafin built (approximate date).[ 4]
1215 – Tomb of Maruf el-Kerkhi built.[ 8]
1221 – Bab al-Talsim (Talisman gate) built.[ 4]
1226 - al-Baghdadi compiles Kitab al-Tabikh (1226) [ar ] (cookbook).
1228 – Jami' al-Qumriyya Mosque built.[ 4]
1230 – Al-Qasr al-Abbasi fi al-Qal'a built (approximate date).[ 4]
1232 – Al-Mustansiriya Madrasah established.[ 4] [ 13]
1252 – Shrine of Abdul-Kadir built.[ 8]
1258 – January–February: City destroyed by forces of Mongol Hulagu Khan during the Siege of Baghdad ; most of population killed.[ 9] [ 1]
1272 – Marco Polo visits city (approximate date).[ 9]
1326 – Ibn Battuta visits city.[ 16]
1357 – Al-Madrasah al-Mirjaniyya built.[ 4]
1358 – Khan al-Mirjan built.[ 4]
1393 – City captured by Timur .[ 9]
1401 – City captured by Timur again.[ 9] [ 1]
1405 – Sultan Ahmed Jalayir in power.[ 9]
1417 – City taken by Qara Yusuf .[ 8]
1468 – Aq Qoyunlu in power.[ 6]
16th–19th centuries
1508 - City taken by Persian Ismail I .[ 17]
1534
1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire .
1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I .[ 8]
1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built.[ 4]
1601 – Coffeehouse built.[ 18]
1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia .[ 8] [ 1]
1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids .[ 9] [ 1]
1625 - Siege of Baghdad , Ottoman–Safavid Wars
1638 – Capture of Baghdad by forces of Ottoman Murad IV .[ 19]
1682 – Khaseki mosque built.[ 1]
1683 – City besieged.[ 9]
1780 – Mamluk Sulayman Pasha the Great in power.[ 9]
1795 – Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya built.[ 4]
1799 – City besieged by Wahhabi-Saudi forces.[ 9]
1816 – Mamluk Dawud Pasha in power.[ 9]
1823 – Population: 80,000 (estimate).[ 20]
1826 – Haydar-Khana Mosque constructed in its current form.[ 4]
1830
1831 – Flood, then famine.[ 9]
1841 – Lynch Brothers in business.[ 22]
1848 – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad established.
1849 – Remnants discovered of quay of Nebuchadrezzar, from Babylonian city of Baghdadu.[ 1]
1861 – Istanbul-Baghdad telegraph line installed.[ 23]
1865
1869 – Midhat Pasha in power.[ 9]
1870
Municipal council established.[ 9]
City walls demolished.[ 13]
1871 – Population: 65,000.[ 21]
1880 – Turkish camel post begins operating (approximate date).[ 1]
1895 – Population: 100,000 (estimate).[ 8]
1899 – Alliance Israélite girls' school established.[ 1]
20th century
1900s–1940s
1908 – Population: 140,000 (estimate).[ 24]
1909 – Cinema built.[ 25]
1911 – Ottoman XIII Corps headquartered in Baghdad.
1912 – Population: 200,000 (estimate).[ 26]
1914 – October: Samarra-Baghdad railway begins operating.[ 9]
1915
1917
1919 – Guardians of Independence organized.
1920
1926 – Baghdad Antiquities Museum founded.
1927 – British Imperial Airways begins operating Cairo-Baghdad-Basra flights.[ 9]
1929 – Al-Maktabatil Aammah (public library) active.
1931 – Strike.[ 30]
1936 – Military coup.[ 9]
1940 – Iraqi Music Institute inaugurated.[ 31]
1941 - Iraqi coup d'état in Baghdad, World War II
1941
1944 – Baghdad Symphony Orchestra founded.
1946 – Al-Sarafiya bridge built.
1947 - Population: 352,137.[ 33]
1948
Uprising.[ 9]
Popular Theatre Company[ 31] and filmmaking Studio of Baghdad formed.[ 25]
22. 1948 - Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
1950s–1990s
1952
Uprising.[ 9]
Modern Theatre Company formed.[ 31]
1953 – Baghdad Central Station built.
1956
Samarra Barrage constructed on the Tigris River near the city.[ 34]
May: Government television begins broadcasting.[ 35]
Uprising.[ 36]
Iraqi Artists Society formed.[ 37]
1957
1958
1959
1960 – September: OPEC founded at Baghdad Conference (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela).
1961 – Iraq National Library and Archive established.
1963
1964 – Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital established.
1965 - Population: 1,490,759 city; 1,657,424 urban agglomeration.[ 38]
1966
1967 – Firqat Ittahaad al-Fannaaneed theatre group formed.[ 31]
1968 – National Theatre Company established.[ 31]
1970 - Population: 1,984,142 (estimate).[ 40]
1971 – Baghdad Zoo opens.
1975 – Central Post Office built.[ 4]
1978 – November: Arab League summit .
1980
1981 – National Film Center and Saddam Hussein Gymnasium (now Baghdad Gymnasium ) built.[ 4]
1982
1983 – Al-Shaheed Monument built.[ 4]
1985
Baghdad Festival of Arab theatre begins.[ 31]
Amanat Al Assima Housing complex and Central Bank of Iraq building constructed.[ 4]
1987 - Population: 3,841,268.[ 41]
1988 – Saddam University established.
1989 – Victory Arch erected.[ 34]
1991
1993 – 26 June: Missile strikes by United States.
1994 – Baghdad Tower constructed.
21st century
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke ; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–198.
^ Charles Wendell (1971). "Baghdad: Imago Mundi, and Other Foundation-Lore". International Journal of Middle East Studies . 2 (2): 99–128. doi :10.1017/S0020743800000994 . JSTOR 162258 . S2CID 163049281 .
^ Clifford Edmund Bosworth , ed. (2007). "Baghdad" . Historic Cities of the Islamic World . Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v ArchNet . "Baghdad" . Archived from the original on 10 December 2012.
^ Jacob Lassner (1966). "Massignon and Baghdad: The Complexities of Growth in an Imperial City". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient . 9 (1/2): 1–27. doi :10.2307/3596170 . JSTOR 3596170 .
^ a b c d e f g h Jacqueline Griffin (1996), "Baghdad", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa , International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-884964-03-9
^ History of Printing Timeline , American Printing History Association, retrieved 6 May 2016
^ a b c d e f g Charles Wilson , ed. (1895), "Baghdad" , Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. , London: John Murray , ISBN 978-0-524-06214-2 , OCLC 8979039
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Baghdad", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa , Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
^ Jim Al-Khalili (2010), Pathfinders: the golden age of Arabic science , London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-1-84614-161-4
^ Felix Jones (1856). "Brief Observations, Forming an Appendix to the Map of Baghdad" . Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society . 12 . Bombay.
^ a b George Makdisi (1959). "Topography of Eleventh Century Baġdād: Materials and Notes". Arabica . 6 (2): 178–197. doi :10.1163/157005859X00334 . JSTOR 4055493 .
^ a b c Francoise Micheau (2008). "Baghdad in the Abbasid Era". The City in the Islamic World . Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16240-2 .
^ a b George Makdisi (1961). "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . 24 (1): 1–56. doi :10.1017/s0041977x0014039x . JSTOR 610293 . S2CID 154869619 .
^ "West Asia: Iraq, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events" . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 3 October 2014 .
^ Michael Cooperson (1996). "Baghdad in Rhetoric and Narrative" . Muqarnas . 13 . Archived from the original on 23 October 2012.
^ Justin Marozzi (2014). Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood . Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-194804-1 .
^ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-84319-2 .
^ "Bagdad" . Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green . 1829.
^ Jedidiah Morse ; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bagdad" , A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
^ a b Edward Balfour , ed. (1871). "Baghdad" . Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras: Scottish and Adelphi Press.
^ Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History . Oxford University Press. 1988.
^ a b Soli Shahvar (2003). "Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65". Middle Eastern Studies . 39 (1): 89–116. doi :10.1080/00263200412331301607 . JSTOR 4284278 . S2CID 145792034 .
^ Lorimer (1908). "City of Baghdad" . Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf . Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing India.
^ a b Oliver Leaman, ed. (2001), Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film , Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-18703-9
^ "Baghdad" , Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker , 1912
^ "Iraq Profile: Timeline" . BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2013 .
^ Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology" . Dictionary of the First World War . Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1 .
^ "Ministry of Electricity" . 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2023 .
^ Peter Sluglett (2007), Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 1914-1932 , NY: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-14200-7
^ a b c d e f Don Rubin, ed. (1999), World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre , London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05932-1
^ Richard Overy , ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945 . USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6 .
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" . Demographic Yearbook 1955 . New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations .
^ a b c d Caecilia Pieri (2008). "Modernity and its Posts in Constructing an Arab Capital: Baghdad's Urban Space and Architecture". Middle East Studies Association Bulletin . 42 (1/2): 32–39. JSTOR 23063540 .
^ Douglas A. Boyd (1982). "Radio and Television in Iraq: The Electronic Media in a Transitional Arab World Country". Middle Eastern Studies . 18 (4): 400–410. doi :10.1080/00263208208700522 . JSTOR 4282908 .
^ a b c Kwasi Kwarteng (2011), Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world , New York: PublicAffairs
^ Orit Bashkin (2008), The other Iraq: pluralism and culture in Hashemite Iraq , Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-5992-2
^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Statistical Office. 1976. pp. 253–279.
^ a b Terri Ginsberg; Chris Lippard (2010), Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema , USA: Scarecrow Press
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . 1985 Demographic Yearbook . New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs , Statistical Office. 1987. pp. 247–289.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants" . 1995 Demographic Yearbook . New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
^ a b "Baghdad Mayor Is Ousted by a Shiite Group and Replaced" . New York Times . 10 August 2005.
^ "Baghdad International Film Festival" . Retrieved 13 April 2013 .
^ "Baghdad car bomb hits book market" . Al Jazeera. 6 March 2007.
^ "Baghdad security walls curb violence, at a cost" . Reuters . 6 February 2008.
^ "When the Walls Come Down" . New York Times . 14 October 2009.
^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year . Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4 .
^ "Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database" . World Health Organization . 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014.
^ "Iraq election: Fire at Baghdad ballot paper depot" , BBC News , 10 June 2018
^ "A new wave of Arab protesters say, 'It's the economy, stupid!' " . CNN. 4 October 2019.
^ "Iraqi Army Ordered Out of Sadr City, Where Dozens Died at Protests" . New York Times . The Associated Press. 7 October 2019.
^ 24 December 2019 | 04:13 بالصورة..رسالة الشهيد صفاء السراي تصل إلى يونس محمود بغداد بوست Archived 11 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
^ AP, Qassim Abdul-Zahra. "Iraq officials: 4 protesters killed in Baghdad clashes" . Washington Post . Retrieved 15 November 2019 .
^ Gal Perl Finkel, Potential for strategic turns , The Jerusalem Post , 16 February 2020.
^ Tom O'Connor; James Laporta (2 January 2020). "Iraq Militia Officials, Iran's Quds Force Head Killed in U.S. Drone Strike" . Newsweek . Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020 .
^ "At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad" . CNN News . 21 January 2021.
^ "Country has no future': Iraqi protester killed at Baghdad rally" . ALJAZEERA News . 25 May 2021.
^ "Suicide attack in Iraq's Sadr City kills at least 35, wounds dozens -sources" . Reuters . 20 July 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021 .
Bibliography
Published in 17th–18th centuries
Published in 19th century
J.B.L.J. Rousseau (1809). Description du pachalik de Bagdad (in French).
Abraham Rees (1819), "Bagdad" , The Cycloppædia , London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
Robert Ker Porter (1821), "(Bagdad)" , Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, ancient Babylonia, &c. &c , London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, OCLC 5524754
Robert Mignan (1829), "(Bagdad)" , Travels in Chaldæa , London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Bagdad" . Edinburgh Encyclopædia . Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
Anthony Norris Groves (1832), Journal of a residence at Bagdad during the years 1830 and 1831 , London: J. Nisbet, OCLC 5000777 , OL 13493447M
"Bagdad". American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge . 1 . Boston: Boston Bewick Co. 1834. hdl :2027/hvd.hny8ty .
Josiah Conder (1834), "Bagdad" , Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern , London: T. Tegg
James Raymond Wellsted (1840), "Bagdat" , Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean , London: H. Colburn, OCLC 5395027
Thomas Bartlett (1841). "Bagdad" . New Tablet of Memory; or, Chronicle of Remarkable Events . London: Thomas Kelly.
Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Bagdad" , Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Bagdad" , A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
William Henry Overall , ed. (1870), "Baghdad" , Dictionary of Chronology , London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
Grattan Geary (1878), "City of the Caliphs" , Through Asiatic Turkey , London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
Ibn Serapion; Guy Le Strange (1895). "Description of Mesopotamia and Baghdad, written about the year 900 AD by Ibn Serapion". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society . London. hdl :2027/mdp.39015020450659 .
Max Freiherr von Oppenheim (1899), "Baġdād" , Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf (in German), Berlin: D. Reimer (E. Vohsen), OCLC 13166400
Guy Le Strange (1900), Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate , Oxford: Clarendon Press (Bibliography + Index ).
Published in 20th century
"Bagdad" , Chambers's Encyclopaedia , London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
Pedro Teixeira (1902), "Concerning the City of Bagdad" , The Travels of Pedro Teixeira , translated by William F. Sinclair, London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1904), L' introduction topographique â l'histoire de Bagdâdh d'Aboû Bakr Aḥmad ibn Thâbit al-Khatîb al-Bagdâdhî (in French), translated by George Salmon, Paris: É. Bouillon, OCLC 23419471 , OL 6942714M
"Bagdad" , Jewish Encyclopedia , vol. 2, New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1907
"Bagdad" . Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus . 1908.
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Bagdad" , Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke ; Peters, John Punnett (1910). "Bagdad (city)" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 194–198.
"Baghdad" . Encyclopaedia of Islam . E.J. Brill. 1913. p. 563?+. ISBN 90-04-08265-4 .
Sven Hedin (1918), "Bagdad einst und jetzt" , Bagdad, Babylon, Ninive (in German), Leipzig: Brockhaus
Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi (1923–1924). M. Bahjat al-Atharī (ed.). Manāqib Baghdād (in Arabic). Baghdād: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Salām.
Freya Stark (1932). Baghdad Sketches .
Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Baghdad" , Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 140, OL 6112221M
Ibn al-Banna; George Makdisi (1956–1957). "Autograph diary of an eleventh-century historian of Baghdad". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies . 18 : 9–31. doi :10.1017/s0041977x00122189 . S2CID 246637775 .
"Baghdad" , Webster's Geographical Dictionary , Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 92, OL 5812502M
J. Gulick (1967). "Baghdad: portrait of a city in physical and cultural change". Journal of the American Institute of Planners . 33 (4): 246–255. doi :10.1080/01944366708977925 .
Jacob Lassner. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages. Detroit: Wayne University Press, 1970.
Gaston Wiet (1971), Baghdad: metropolis of the Abbasid caliphate , translated by Seymour Feiler, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 0-8061-0922-X
"Iraq: Baghdad" , Middle East , Australia: Lonely Planet , 1994, p. 302+, OL 16516298W
Hanne, Eric J. "The Caliphate revisited: The Abbasids of eleventh and twelfth century Baghdad" (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1998. 9909898).
John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Baghdad" . Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia . Routledge. p. 43+. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9 .
Stefano Bianca (2000), "Baghdad: an Arab Metropolis between Conservation and Redevelopment", Urban form in the Arab world , Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich, ISBN 3-7281-1972-5
Published in 21st century
External links
33°19′30″N 44°25′19″E / 33.325°N 44.422°E / 33.325; 44.422
Main districts Baghdad above Neighborhoods