The Emancipator (newspaper)

This article is about the anti-slavery newspaper established in 1833. For the anti-slavery newspaper named in 1820, see The Emancipator (1820). For the 21st-century online newspaper, see The Emancipator (website).

The Emancipator
(nameplate)
Genius of Universal Emancipation
Vol. 3, No. 12 (Whole No. 288)
(third series)
October 1833
TypeWeekly newspaper
Owner(s)American Anti-Slavery Society (1833–1836)
Liberty Party (1840–1850)
Founder(s)Arthur Tappan
EditorJoshua Leavitt (1840–1848)
FoundedMarch 1833; 191 years ago (March 1833)
Political alignmentAbolitionist
LanguageEnglish
Ceased publicationDecember 26, 1850; 173 years ago (1850-12-26)
CityNew York City (1833–March 1844)
Boston (1842–1850)
CountryUnited States

The Emancipator (1833–1850) was an American abolitionist newspaper, at first published in New York City and later in Boston. It was founded as the official newspaper of the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS). From 1840 to 1850, it was published by the Liberty Party; the publication changed names several times as it merged with other abolitionist newspapers in Boston.

Contributors to the paper included Lewis Tappan (of the Amistad case), James McCune Smith (who also co-edited The Colored American), Joseph Cammett Lovejoy, Samuel Edmund Sewall, Henry Brewster Stanton, Horace Edwin Smith, William Ellery Channing, and William Stevens Robinson.[1]

History

The Emancipator was founded in March 1833 in New York City by Arthur Tappan, a wealthy abolitionist and president of the American Anti-Slavery Society. The March 1833 publication marked the beginning of the abolitionist movement in New York state.[2] The Emancipator's first editor was Charles Wheeler Denison.

African-American sales agents selected to represent the new publication included:

On October 25, 1835, in a nationally publicized spectacle, a Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, grand jury issued a true bill against Robert G. Williams, agent and publisher of The Emancipator, for allegedly "circulating seditious pamphlets in Alabama" ... "tending to excite our slave population to insurrection and murder." On November 14, 1835, the Alabama Governor, John Gayle demanded that New York Governor William Learned Marcy extradite Williams, "a fugitive," to stand trial. Marcy refused.[4]

From 1836 to 1840, the editor was Theodore Dwight Weld. After Weld left this position, Joshua Leavitt succeeded him as editor.

In 1840, the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society splintered from the American Anti-Slavery Society. The Emancipator then became Leavitt's personal publication and a leading journal of the Liberty Party,[5] with Leavitt continuing as the editor of the newspaper until 1848.

The newspaper underwent several name changes between 1842 and 1848 as it slowly merged with other abolitionist newspapers located in Boston. Throughout this period, the publication was a continual exponent of abolitionism.[6] In January 1842, the publication merged with The Free American, the official newspaper of the Massachusetts Abolition Society, and was published weekly as The Emancipator and Free American. Leavitt (New York) and Elizur Wright (Boston) served as co-editors until March 1844, when Wright left and the journal moved its headquarters to Boston.

The publication (at that point known as the Emancipator & Republican) published its final issue on December 26, 1850.

Timelines

Editors

1833–1834 Charles Wheeler Denison
1834–1835 William Goodell
1836 Amos Augustus Phelps
1836–1840 Theodore Dwight Weld
1840–1841 Joshua Leavitt
1842–1844 Joshua Leavitt (New York) and Elizur Wright (Boston)
1844 John Greenleaf Whittier (for a short period)
1845–1848 Joshua Leavitt
March 1848 Curtis C. Nichols
1848–1850 Henry Wilson, followed by Lucius Edwin Smith[1]

Publication name

Mar. 1833–Jan. 1842 The Emancipator
Jan. 1842–Mar. 1844 The Emancipator and Free American
Mar. 27, 1844–Oct. 8, 1845 The Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle
Oct. 15, 1845–Sept. 13, 1848 The Emancipator
Sept. 20, 1848–Nov. 8, 1848 The Emancipator and Free Soil Press, organ of the Free Soil Party (ending Vol. 8, No. 29, Whole No. 653)
Nov. 17, 1848–Dec. 26, 1850 Emancipator & Republican (Vol. 4, No. 6; ending Vol. 15, No. 35).[1][b]

Publishers

The Emancipator
1835–1841 Robert G. Williams (né Ransom Goss Williams), publisher in New York City[7]
1845–1848 Rev. Hiram Cummings, publisher in Boston[8]
Emancipator & Republican
1849 Henry Wilson, publisher in Boston, February 9, 1849 – August 16, 1849
1849–1850 Wilson & Bent[9] – Henry Wilson and John Bent, publishers in Boston, August 23, 1849 – December 26, 1850

Extant holdings, re-prints, and digital facsimiles

  • The Emancipator (–1834)
The Historical Society of Wisconsin (microfilm 1966); OCLC 318815042
  • The Emancipator, and Journal of Public Morals (1834–1835)
The Historical Society of Wisconsin (microfilm 1966); OCLC 318814260
Gale (online); OCLC 865521505
  • The Emancipator (1833–1848)
Gale (online); OCLC 865521587
  • The Emancipator (1835–1840)
Filmed from the Schomberg Collection (1967 microfilm); OCLC 4996989
  • The Emancipator (1845–1848)
NewsBank (online); OCLC 10352375
Gale (online); OCLC 824798074
  • Emancipator and Free American (1842–1844)
Gale (online); OCLC 192107281, 723812438, 1060722598
(microform); OCLC 32651685
  • Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle (1844–1845)
Filmed from the New York Public Library (microfilm); OCLC 32651724
  • Emancipator and Free Soil Press
NewsBank (online); OCLC 10352445
Gale (online); OCLC 865521597
  • Emancipator & Republican
Microfilm; OCLC 38872229
Gale (online); OCLC 1100208152, 723812372
Serials Solutions (online); OCLC 1060831572

Further reading

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Ruggles, who was bookseller and publisher, advertised for additional agents to distribute anti-slavery newspapers.[3]
  2. ^ The short-lived Commonwealth and Emancipator, launched in 1851, had no connection to the Emancipator & Republican. It was first published in Boston January 4, 1851 (Vol. 1, No. 1), with William S. Damrell & Co. publisher) and Joseph Lyman editor.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Encyclopedia of African American History, (Vol. 1 of 3), Leslie M. Alexander, PhD, Walter C. Rucker, PhD (eds.), ABC-CLIO (2010); OCLC 758736958, 10352375
  2. ^ "New York and the National Slavery Problem," by Leo H. Hirsch, Jr., The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 16, No. 4, October 1931, pps. 454–473 (accessible via JSTOR)
  3. ^ The Emancipator
    Vol. 1, No.   6, June 8, 1833, p. 21
    Vol. 2, No. 19, May 13, 1834
    Vol. 2, No. 21, May 17, 1834
    Vol. 2, No. 32, August 12, 1834
  4. ^ "Refuge of Oppression," "The Liberator, January 23, 1836, p. 1 (accessible via Newspapers.com, subscription required)
  5. ^ "The Fight Against the Gag Rule: Joshua Leavitt and Antislavery Insurgency in the Whig Party, 1839–1842," by James M. McPherson, PhD (born 1936), The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 48, No. 3, July 1963, pps. 177–195 (accessible via JSTOR)
  6. ^ Mielnik, Tara Mitchell (1 January 2010). "The Emancipator". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. University of Tennessee Press. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  7. ^ "About The Emancipator (New-York) 1835–1841," Library of Congress
  8. ^ "About The Emancipator (Boston) 1845–1848," Library of Congress
  9. ^ Boston Post, August 16, 1849, p. 2 (accessible via Newspaperarchive.com, subscription required)