The Burning Times

For other uses, see Burning times.

The Burning Times
Directed by	Donna Read
Written by	Erna Buffie
Produced by	Mary Armstrong Margaret Pettigrew Studio D, National Film Board of Canada
Starring	Starhawk Matthew Fox Margot Adler Irving Smith Thea Jensen Barbara Roberts
Music by	Loreena McKennitt
Distributed by	National Film Board of Canada
Release date	1990 (1990)
Running time	56 min., 13 sec.
Country	Canada
Language	English

The Burning Times is a 1990 Canadian documentary, presenting a feminist account of the Early Modern European witchcraft trials.[1] It was directed by Donna Read and written by Erna Buffie, and features interviews with feminist and Neopagan notables, such as Starhawk, Margot Adler, and Matthew Fox. The Burning Times is the second film in the National Film Board of Canada's Women and Spirituality series, following Goddess Remembered (1989) and preceding Full Circle (1993).

The opening and closing theme music, composed by Loreena McKennitt, was released as the track titled "Tango to Evora" on her 1991 album The Visit.

Criticism

Numbers of women killed

In the film, Thea Jensen calls this period in history a "Women's Holocaust". She notes that a total number of victims is unknown but that the high number often given is nine million deaths, over a period of 300 or more years.[1] Otherwise, scholarly "high" estimates range around 100,000, with estimates around 60,000 more common.[2] The nine million figure, according to modern scholarship, originates with a 1784 article by Gottfried Christian Voigt, in which he estimates the figure of 9,442,994 executions between AD 600 and 1700 - a period of 1,100 years - unsupported by any evidence.[3][4]

Criticisms of the Catholic Church

According to William Donohue and Robert Eady of the Catholic Civil Rights League, the movie is inaccurate in other respects, e.g., placing Trier in France instead of Germany, and dating a stone cross there that is recorded to have been erected in 958 AD to 1132 AD without further explanation. The cross is shown as a "symbol of a new religious cult that was sweeping across Europe," despite Christian presence since 286.[1] Eady, a member of the League in Canada, has cited the film in a complaint to broadcast regulators, in particular mentioning offense at the movie's quote: "it took the Church two hundred years of terror and death to transform the image of paganism into devil worship, and folk culture into heresy."[1] Eady describes the documentary as propaganda intended to represent the Christian Church as "a wicked, patriarchal, misogynist institution".[1] Jack Kapica adds "Women have genuine grievances with the Church. The Burning Times, however, is not going to help their cause."[1]

References

1. Toronto Globe and Mail, June 12, 1991 "Religion" by Jack Kapica, "Review of The Burning Times" transcribed at http://www.debunker.com/texts/burning_times.html retrieved on August 24, 2006
2. See witchcraft trials: extrapolating from 12,000 attested executions, Brian Levac in The Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe estimates 60,000 deaths, Anne Lewellyn Barstow in Witch Craze has 100,000 and Ronald Hutton in an unpublished essay "Counting the Witch Hunt" estimates 40,000 total executions.
3. Voigt, G.C. (1784). "Etwas über die Hexenprozesse in Deutschland" [A few words about witch trials in Germany]. Berlinische Monatsschrift (in German). 3: 297–311.; see page 308.
4. Adler has since claimed that the figure is untenable: "We now know that most persecutions of witches occurred during a 100-year period, between 1550 and 1650, and the total number hanged or burned probably did not exceed 40,000." [1] he continues "...it serves no end to perpetuate the miscalculation; it's time to put away the exaggerated numbers forever." [2]

External links

• The Burning Times at the National Film Board of Canada (requires Adobe Flash)
• The Burning Times on YouTube
• The Burning Times at AllMovie
• The Burning Times at IMDb