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Taher Fakhruddin
Taher Fakhruddin[1] is the 54th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Qutbi Bohras, a sect within Shia Islam distinguished as the Shia Fatimi Ismaili Tayyibi Dawoodi Qutbi Bohras. He is the son of Khuzaima Qutbuddin,[2] the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the group. After the death of the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, Mohammed Burhanuddin, two persons asserted their right to succeed him, Khuzaima Qutbuddin and Mufaddal Saifuddin. Followers of Khuzaima Qutbuddin regard Taher Fakhruddin as his successor.[3] Religious Leadership and NassFakhruddin leads the Dawoodi Qutbi Bohra community from his headquarters in Thane, near Mumbai, India. He is recognized by his followers as the spiritual and temporal leader of their community, with authority derived from the Shia concept of "Nass"[4][5] (spiritual designation) by his predecessor. 1. Historical ContextNass refers to the appointment of a successor, who is integral to the faith's continuity. Community history shows that there is no fixed prescribed method for conferring Nass. It can be done privately or publicly, can involve one or multiple persons being present, or it can be documented in written form by the appointer. The method of Nass for appointing the next Dai al-Mutlaq mirrors that of the Imams; however, in the case of a Da'i al-Mutlaq, the successor is not required to be the son of the appointer. 2. Public or Private CommunicationNass is a manifestation of Allah's will. It can be declared openly and publicly or communicated privately. External validators (such as witnesses) are not required for Nass because the Imam's authority and decision-making power is not dependent on external validation. The Imam's infallibility precludes the need for fallible witnesses to confirm or validate his choice: it would be contradictory for the appointment of an infallible Imam to be subject to the testimony or approval of fallible witnesses. Examples: Nass by private communication include the 12th Imam privately conferring Nass on the 13th Imam, and the 20th Imam conferring Nass in written form via a letter (Sijill ul-Bisharah) to Hurrat al-Malika, a single woman, declaring her the witness to the appointment of the 21st Imam. 3. Irrevocability of NassOnce conferred, Nass is final and irrevocable.[6] This aligns with the Fatemid belief system which asserts that the Nass signifies divine will of Allah, communicated to the Imam, and cannot be altered or revoked.[7] The appointment is guided by the Imam’s inspiration (ta'yeed), ensuring the appointee aligns with divine preordination, and therefore, it is considered perfect and beyond human interference or improvement. Beliefs and TeachingsFakhruddin's teachings emphasize living life in accordance with the teachings of Ahl al-Bayt including:
Fakhruddin advocates for a progressive interpretation of Islam that balances traditional values with modern education and scientific advancement. He teaches that the essence of being a Muslim is to follow the middle path[16] which is in effect, the 'straight path' towards Allah almighty. Mazar-E-QutbiThe Mazaar-e-Qutbi is a religious complex built by Fakhruddin and located in Thane, India, situated near the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The centerpiece of the complex is Raudat-un-Noor,[17][18] a mausoleum built in honour of the 53rd Dai Syedna Khuzaima Qutbuddin Saheb RA, in which the entire Quran is engraved in gold on its inside marble walls, creating a stunning visual representation of Islamic scripture. The complex also includes a Community Hall and serves multiple purposes beyond being a place of reverence and prayer. The adjoining Social Welfare Center is open to all, regardless of caste or creed, providing three free meals a day, services such as women's vocational training classes and children's tuition classes. ControversyThe succession to the position of Dā'ī al-Muṭlaq has been disputed since 2014, leading to a split in the Dawoodi Bohra community. Fakhruddin's claim is challenged by Mufaddal Saifuddin, who is recognized as the leader by a larger portion of the community. The Bombay High Court on 23rd April 2024 dismissed Taher Fakhruddin's lawsuit, directing that Mufaddal Saifuddin is the leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community.[19] Taher Fakhruddin has appealed the judgement.[20][21] The Appeal is being heard by a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court comprising Justices B.P. Colabawalla and Somasekhar Sundaresan. At the time of admitting and expediting the appeal on December 17, 2024, objections were raised by the Respondent that members of the Dawoodi Bohra community might be confused by the Appellant’s claims. In response to these objections, the court directed that during the pendency of the appeal, the Appellant must refrain from publicly stating that he is the 54th Dai al-Mutlaq, that his late father was the 53rd Dai al-Mutlaq or that either are the leaders of the Dawoodi Bohra community, respectively. The court also directed that certain qualifying wording be added to the website and social media platforms of the Appellant and clarified that the Appelant’s followers remain free to express their own views.[22][23] Public EngagementFakhruddin regularly delivers sermons[24][25] and publishes religious texts[26] for his followers. In his regular Majalis al-Hikma[27] (Sessions of Wisdom) series, he addresses topical questions and provides contemporary guidance to his community in three languages: English,[28] Lisaan ud-Da'wat[29] and Arabic.[30] Fakhruddin has also engaged in interfaith dialogue[15][31][32] and participated in academic discussions[33][34] on Islamic history and theology. References
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