Sydney Town Hall Grand Organ

The Grand Organ

The Sydney Town Hall Grand Organ is the world's largest pipe organ that uses mechanical tracker action, built by English firm William Hill & Son in 1890. It is located in the Centennial Hall of Sydney Town Hall in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[1]

When it was installed in 1890, the Sydney Town Hall Grand Organ was the largest in the world, and it remained the largest concert organ built in the 19th century, boasting 5 manuals and 127 stops. It was described by Westminster Abbey's organist, Frederick Bridge, as "the finest organ ever built by an English organ builder".[2] It remains the world's largest organ without any electric action components and is of international significance. Its Contra-Trombone is one of only two full-length 64' organ stops in the world.[a]

History

When Sydney's City Council decided to commission the organ, they called on a small group of experts to formulate a process for achieving a transparent and defensible decision on supplier and installer. In this they received generous support and advice from the Melbourne City Council, who had been through a similar process.[3] As a result, Sydney assembled a committee to compile a set of specifications for a Great Organ, which for power and versatility would be the world's largest and finest, call for tenders for both manufacture and installation, and select the successful tenders. The committee consisted of:

Submissions were received from twelve companies, which were assessed on their perceived capacity to fill the contract, personal experience of the companies' products, technical considerations in the submissions, and finally, price. The choice narrowed down to two: Gray and Davison and William Hill and Son. The ultimate selection of Hill and Son may have been a foregone conclusion despite their higher price, as they had supplied and installed instruments for the Town Halls of Adelaide and Melbourne, and also St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney. Several modifications suggested by the company were approved, and a new requirement added: that the organist's console should be situated at ground level, despite the additional expense and complexity.[14]

Sharp dissented from the majority decision on the grounds that (1) the Hill organ was too large for the Centennial Hall, and (2) that it would be difficult and expensive to find an organist capable of matching its complexity.[15] He was never confident of the committee throughout its deliberations.[16]

Negotiations with Hill and Son were conducted by Alexander Rea, who, as leader of a group of organists, drew up the specifications. Belgium's Auguste Wiegand, who would become Sydney's first City Organist, later blamed the group for certain shortcomings in its design, but was contradicted by Hill, who praised the "Corporation of Sydney, ... they left all details in our hands."[17] Rea supervised installation of the instrument and tested the mechanism before the famous organist W. T. Best "opened" the organ in August 1890.[18] When Best returned to England, Rea gave a number of recitals at the Town Hall, and supervised access to the huge instrument until the appointment of Wiegand as City Organist in 1891.

20th century

In 1973, the Sydney Council authorized a major restoration program to address the mechanical problems that the organ had begun to experience. Managing the program was Roger H Pogson, whose employees worked for almost 10 years to restore the organ, close to its original form.[1]

Previous to this restoration, the organ had fallen into a state of disrepair; however, tuner of the organ in the 1960s, Ken Martin, a Noad employee, insists that, despite problems, the organ was always playable in some way. There were calls in the preceding decades to either rebuild the organ in a neo-classical style (this was the fashion at the time) or completely remove and replace it with a new instrument. The announcement that the Sydney Opera House being constructed would house a new, large, mechanical-action organ, greatly influenced the decision to restore the Hill and Son Organ.

Sydney Town Hall today holds free organ recitals throughout the year.

Specification

The Town Hall organ features 127 stops, distributed over 5 manuals and the pedalboard, as follows:[19]

GREAT SWELL (enclosed) CHOIR (enclosed) SOLO (enclosed) ECHO PEDAL
Contra Bourdon 32 Double Open Diapason 16 Contra Dulciana 16 Bourdon 16 Lieblich Gedackt 8 Double Open Signature 32
Double Open Diapason 16 Bourdon 16 Open Diapason 8 Open Diapason 8 Viol d'Amour 8 Double Open Wood 32
Bourdon 16 Open Diapason 8 Hohl Flöte 8 Violin Diapason 8 Unda Maris II 8 Contra Bourdon 32
Open Diapason I 8 Hohl Flöte 8 Lieblich Gedackt 8 Doppel Flöte 8 Viol d'Amour 4 Open Diapason Metal 16
Open Diapason II 8 Viola da Gamba 8 Flauto Traverso 8 Flauto Traverso 8 Flageolet 2 Open Diapason Wood 16
Open Diapason III 8 Salicional 8 Gamba 8 Stopped Diapason 8 Glockenspiel 4 Rks Bourdon 16
Open Diapason IV 8 Dulciana 8 Dulciana 8 Viola 8 Echo Dul. Cornet 4 Rks Violone 16
Harmonic Flute 8 Vox Angelica 8 Octave 4 Octave 4 Basset Horn 8 Gamba 16
Viola 8 Octave 4 Violino 4 Harmonic Flute 4 Dulciana 16
Spitz Flöte 8 Rohr Flöte 4 Celestina 4 Flauto Traverso 4 Quint 12
Gamba 8 Harmonic Flute 4 Lieblich Flöte 4 Harmonic Piccolo 2 Octave 8
Hohl Flöte 8 Gemshorn 4 Twelfth 3 Contra Fagotto 16 Prestant 8
Rohr Flöte 8 Twelfth 3 Fifteenth 2 Harmonic Trumpet 8 Bass Flute 8
Quint 6 Fifteenth 2 Dulcet 2 Corno di Bassetto 8 Violoncello 8
Principal 4 Piccolo 1 Dulciana Mixture 3 Rks Orchestral Oboe 8 Twelfth 6
Octave 4 Mixture 4 Rks Bassoon 16 Cor Anglais 8 Fifteenth 4
Gemshorn 4 Furniture 5 Rks Oboe 8 Octave Oboe 4 Mixture 4 Rks
Harmonic Flute 4 Trombone 16 Clarinet 8 Contra Tuba 16 Mixture 3 Rks
Twelfth 3 Bassoon 16 Vox Humana 8 Tuba 8 Mixture 2 Rks
Fifteenth 2 Trumpet 8 Octave Oboe 4 Tuba Clarion 4 Contra Trombone Wood 64
Mixture 3 Rks Cornopean 8 Carillon Bells 2 Contra Posaune Metal 32
Cymbel 4 Rks Horn 8 Posaune 16
Sharp Mixture 4 Rks Oboe 8 Trombone 16
Furniture 5 Rks Clarion 4 Bassoon 16
Contra Posaune 16 Trumpet 8
Posaune 8 Clarion 4
Trumpet 8
Clarion 4
  • Rehearsing on the Organ
    Rehearsing on the Organ
  • The Sydney Town Hall Centennial Hall interior
    The Sydney Town Hall Centennial Hall interior

Notes

  1. ^ The other 64' stop is the Diaphone-Dulzian of the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ (1932) in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.
  2. ^ M. L. Layton, formerly of Forster and Andrews[8] was in partnership with A. K. Layton as Layton Brothers.[9] They later took over C. J. Jackson's business.[10]
  3. ^ Morley was later organist at St John's Church, Darlinghurst. His brother Felix was a distinguished organist in England.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b City of Sydney Homepage, The Grand Organ. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  2. ^ Betteridge, Margaret (2008). Sydney Town Hall: the building and its collection. Sydney: Council of the City of Sydney. ISBN 9780975119648.
  3. ^ "Organ for the Town Hall". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 14, 562. New South Wales, Australia. 27 November 1884. p. 6. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. ^ "Decorations of the Pitt Street Church". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 12, 795. New South Wales, Australia. 5 April 1879. p. 6. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ^ "A New Church Organ". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 4082. New South Wales, Australia. 27 July 1892. p. 3. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "Obituary Mr C. J. Jackson". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 25, 707. New South Wales, Australia. 27 May 1920. p. 10. Retrieved 7 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "Opening of New Organ". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). No. 2776. New South Wales, Australia. 11 June 1888. p. 3. Retrieved 7 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "Grand New Organ". The Protestant Standard. Vol. XV, no. 2. New South Wales, Australia. 21 April 1883. p. 5. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "Advertising". The Sydney Daily Telegraph. No. 1174. New South Wales, Australia. 11 April 1883. p. 4. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 15, 424. New South Wales, Australia. 1 September 1887. p. 1. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Organ Recital". Evening News (Sydney). No. 5261. New South Wales, Australia. 15 March 1884. p. 7. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "A Musician's Tour". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 23, 025. New South Wales, Australia. 30 October 1911. p. 11. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "St Andrew's Cathedral". Sydney Mail. Vol. IX, no. 440. New South Wales, Australia. 5 December 1868. p. 10. Retrieved 16 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "The Centennial Hall Organ". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 14, 986. New South Wales, Australia. 6 April 1886. p. 5. Retrieved 6 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Sydney Municipal Council". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 14, 635. New South Wales, Australia. 20 February 1885. p. 4. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "The Town Hall Organ". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 15, 986. New South Wales, Australia. 18 June 1889. p. 5. Retrieved 8 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ Robert Ampt (1997). "City Organists of Sydney". Organ Historical Trust of Australia. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  18. ^ "A Musical Authority for 48 Years". The Sunday Times (Sydney). No. 1209. New South Wales, Australia. 21 March 1909. p. 6. Retrieved 6 June 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ "Sydney Town Hall". Organ Historical Trust of Australia. Retrieved 1 December 2024.