Superior epigastric artery
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
In human anatomy , the superior epigastric artery is a terminal[ 1] internal thoracic artery that provides arterial supply to the abdominal wall , and upper rectus abdominis muscle . It enters the rectus sheath to descend upon the inner surface of the rectus abdominis muscle . It ends by anastomosing with the inferior epigastric artery .
Structure
Origin
The superior epigastric artery arises from the internal thoracic artery (referred to as the internal mammary artery in the accompanying diagram).[ 2] [ 3]
Course and relations
The superior epigastric artery pierces the diaphragm [ 1] rectus sheath and descend upon the deep surface of the rectus abdominis .[ 4]
Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein , the superior epigastric vein .[citation needed
Anastomoses
It anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery [ 4] [ 2] [ 4] [ 1] umbilicus .[ 2]
Distribution
Where it anastomoses, the superior epigastric artery supplies the anterior part of the abdominal wall,[ 5] [ 6] [ 5] diaphragm .[citation needed
Collateralization in disease
Vascular disease
The superior epigastric arteries, inferior epigastric arteries , internal thoracic arteries and left subclavian artery and right subclavian artery / brachiocephalic are collateral vessels to the thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta . If the abdominal aorta develops a significant stenosis and/or blockage (as may be caused by atherosclerosis ), this collateral pathway may develop sufficiently, over time, to supply blood to the lower limbs .[ 7]
Coarctation of the aorta
A congenitally narrowed aorta, due to coarctation , is often associated with a significant enlargement of the internal thoracic and epigastric arteries.[ 8]
See also
References
^ a b c Sinnatamby, Chummy (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0 ^ a b c Castro Ferreira, Marcus; Henrique Ishida, Luis; Munhoz, Alexandre (January 1, 2009), Wei, Fu-Chan; Mardini, Samir (eds.), "CHAPTER 19 - Rectus flap" , Flaps and Reconstructive Surgery , Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 207–223, doi :10.1016/b978-0-7216-0519-7.00019-8 , ISBN 978-0-7216-0519-7 , retrieved November 22, 2020 ^ Ahmed, Abdul (January 1, 2017), Brennan, Peter A.; Schliephake, Henning; Ghali, G. E.; Cascarini, Luke (eds.), "37 - Common Free Vascularized Flaps: The Rectus Abdominis" , Maxillofacial Surgery (Third Edition) , Churchill Livingstone, pp. 533–542, doi :10.1016/b978-0-7020-6056-4.00038-1 , ISBN 978-0-7020-6056-4 , retrieved November 22, 2020 ^ a b c The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, Medical Course & Step 1 Review ISBN 978-1-259-86264-9 OCLC 1044772257 .{{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link ) CS1 maint: others (link )^ a b Shell, Dan H.; Vásconez, Luis O.; de la Torre, Jorge I.; Chin, Gloria; Weinzweig, Norman (January 1, 2010), Weinzweig, Jeffrey (ed.), "Chapter 91 - Abdominal Wall Reconstruction" , Plastic Surgery Secrets Plus (Second Edition) , Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 594–604, doi :10.1016/b978-0-323-03470-8.00091-0 , ISBN 978-0-323-03470-8 , retrieved November 22, 2020 ^ DiEdwardo, Christine A.; Caterson, Stephanie A.; Barrall, David T. (January 1, 2010), Weinzweig, Jeffrey (ed.), "Chapter 80 - Abdominoplasty" , Plastic Surgery Secrets Plus (Second Edition) , Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 532–537, doi :10.1016/b978-0-323-03470-8.00080-6 , ISBN 978-0-323-03470-8 , retrieved November 22, 2020 ^ Yurdakul M, Tola M, Ozdemir E, Bayazit M, Cumhur T (April 2006). "Internal thoracic artery-inferior epigastric artery as a collateral pathway in aortoiliac occlusive disease" . J. Vasc. Surg . 43 (4): 707–13. doi :10.1016/j.jvs.2005.12.042 PMID 16616225 . ^ Huhmann W, Kunitsch G, Dalichau H (1976). "[Coarctation of the aorta on the plain chest x-ray (author's transl)]". Dtsch Med Wochenschr . 101 (41): 1477–81. doi :10.1055/s-0028-1104294 . PMID 964150 . S2CID 260093972 .
External links
