Most known species is Sphaeropsis sapinea(Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton (1980) (or Diplodia sapinea(Fr.) Fuckel and Diplodia pinea(Desm.) J. Kickx f.),[4] which is the causal agent of the Diplodia tip blight disease on pines and other conifer species.[5] It is also found on forest and ornamental trees in the Western Balkans, Europe,[6] and in the United States.[7]
History
The genus Sphaeropsis was introduced by Saccardo in 1880 (for several species of Diplodia with brown, aseptate conidia), with Sphaeropsis visci named as the type species.[1]Sphaeropsis was later found to be the asexual morph of Phaeobotryosphaeria (Phillips et al. 2008,[8] 2013;[9] Wijayawardene et al. 2017).[10]
Distribution
Species in Sphaeropsis have a cosmopolitan distribution since they have been recorded from both temperate and tropical countries.[2] Including; Germany, Namibia, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, (Phillips et al. 2013;[9] Slippers et al. 2014;[11] Farr and Rossman 2019).[12] China (Sphaeropsis citrigena and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis),[13] and Chile.[14]
Etymology
Sphaeropsis is derived from the New Latin from sphaer meaning sphere or globe and opsis meaning appearance, vision.
So named as the species are similar in form to the fungal genus SphaeriaHaller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 3: 120 (1768),[15] (in the Hypoxylaceae family, Xylariales order).[16]
Hosts
Species Sphaeropsis visci causes leaf-spot disease on Asian mistletoe (Viscum coloratum(Kom.) Nakai) in China,[17] and also on European mistletoe (Viscum album) populations.[18][19][20]
While species Sphaeropsis pinea (Needle cast) is a significant problem in Chile.[14]
Species
As of 1 September 2023[update], the GBIF lists up to 143 species,[2] while Species Fungorum lists about 139 species (out of 374 records).[21] Over 600 species were accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.[3]
This list of species with name, authority and dates is based on the Species Fungorum list.
^Zlatkovic, Milica; Keca, Nenad Djuro; Wingfield, Michael J.; Jami, Fahimeh; Slippers, Bernard (April 2016). "Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 109 (4): 543–564. doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0659-8. hdl:2263/52504. PMID26891906. S2CID254232021.
^Palmer, M.A.; Stewart, E.L.; Wingfield, M.J. (1987). "Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in the north central United States". Phytopathology. 77 (6): 944–948. doi:10.1094/Phyto-77-944.
^ abCubbage, Frederick; MacDonagh, Patricio; Sawinski Júnior, José; Rubilar, Rafael; Donoso, Pablo; Ferreira, Arnaldo; Hoeflich, Vitor; Olmos, Virginia Morales; Ferreira, Gustavo; Balmelli, Gustavo; Siry, Jacek; Báez, Mirta Noemi; Alvarez, José (2007). "Timber investment returns for selected plantations and native forests in South America and the Southern United States". New Forests. 33 (3): 237–255. doi:10.1007/s11056-006-9025-4. S2CID23662888.
^Chen, Jie; Liu, Xuefeng; Jia, Hanqi; Zhu, Wenbo (2018). "First report of leaf-spot disease caused by Sphaeropsis visci on Asian mistletoe [Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai] in China". Journal of Forestry Research. 29 (6): 1769–1774. doi:10.1007/s11676-017-0550-0. S2CID255354212.
^Poczai, P.; Varga, I.; Hyvonen, J. (2015). "Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) evolution in populations of the hyperparasitic European mistletoe pathogen fungus, Sphaeropsis visci (Botryosphaeriaceae): the utility of ITS2 secondary structures". Gene. 558 (1): 54–64. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.042. PMID25536165.
^Stojanović, S. (1989). "The investigation of Sphaeropsis visci (Salm.) Sacc, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Sacc.) Penz, parasites on European (Viscum album ssp. typicum Beck)". Zaštita Bilja. 40: 493–503.