Southern Cordilleran languages

Southern Cordilleran
Geographic
distribution		northern Luzon
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Language codes
Glottologsout2907

The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.

Internal classification

The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]

Reconstruction

Proto-Southern Cordilleran
Reconstruction ofSouthern Cordilleran languages
Reconstructed
ancestors

Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]

Phonology

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close *i *ɨ *u
Open *a
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless *p *t *k *ʔ
voiced *b *d *g
Fricative *s
Nasal *m *n *ŋ
Lateral *l
Approximant *w *y

Vocabulary

The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.

Comparison table
Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn)
Ilongot Pangasinan Ibaloi PSC PAn Meaning
ma:go a:gɨw ʔágɨw *ʔa:gɨw *qaləjaw 'day'
dɨ:nom danúm čánom *dánum *daNum 'water'
Southern Cordilleran innovations
Ilongot Pangasinan Ibaloi PSC PAn Meaning
ʔa:gɨt agát ʔagát *ʔágat (*laqia) 'ginger'
bɨsik batík bɨtík *bɨtík (*laRiw) 'run'
tɨɣí salí sɨdí *sɨlí (*qaqay) 'foot'
-to -tu -to *-tu (*nia) 'his/her'
kɨyó kiyɨ́w kiyɨ́w *kɨyɨ́w[a] (*kaSiw) 'tree'
tóʔo tuʔú túʔu *túʔu[b] (*Cau) 'person'
  1. ^ *kɨyɨ́w is an irregular reflex of PAn *kaSiw
  2. ^ *túʔu is an irregular reflex of PAn *Cau

References

  1. ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
  2. ^ a b c d Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1): 120–177. doi:10.2307/3623282. JSTOR 3623282.
  3. ^ a b Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.