Sosthènes I de La Rochefoucauld

The Viscount of La Rochefoucauld
La Rochefoucauld, by Mayer Frères and Pierson, c. 1860
Deputy for Marne
In office
5 February 1828 – 16 May 1830
In office
7 October 1815 – 5 September 1816
Director-General of Fine Arts
In office
August 1824 – July 1830
Preceded byInaugural holder
Succeeded byEdmond Cavé (in 1833)
Personal details
Born
Louis François Sosthènes de La Rochefoucauld

(1785-02-19)19 February 1785
Paris, France
Died5 October 1864(1864-10-05) (aged 79)
Château d'Armainvilliers, Seine-et-Marne, France
Spouse(s)
Elisabeth de Montmorency Laval
​
​
(m. 1779; died 1841)​

Angélique Herminie de La Brousse de Verteillac
​
​
(m. 1841; died 1864)​
Children6
Parent(s)Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld
Bénigne-Augustine Le Tellier de Louvois
AwardsOrder of Saint-Louis
Order of Saint Januarius

Louis François Sosthènes I de La Rochefoucauld, Viscount of La Rochefoucauld, 2nd Duke of Doudeauville GE (19 February 1785 – 5 October 1864), was a 19th-century French ultra-royalist politician. From 1814 to 1836, he was aide-de-camp to Charles, Count of Artois (future Charles X) and from 1824 to 1830, the King's Director of Fine Arts. He served in the Chamber of Deputies in 1815 and from 1827 to 1830 during the Bourbon Restoration, until his retirement from public life after the July Revolution in 1830. From 1861 to 1864 he published his memoirs with his correspondence in fifteen volumes.

Early life

He was born in Paris on 19 February 1785. He was the son of Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld, 1st Duke of Doudeauville, and heiress Bénigne-Augustine Le Tellier de Louvois.[1] His sister was Françoise Charlotte Ernestine de La Rochfoucauld, who married Pierre Jean Julie Chapt, Marquis of Rastignac.[2]

His paternal grandparents were Anne-Sabine-Rosalie de Chauvelin (a daughter of Germain Louis de Chauvelin) and Brig. Jean-François de La Rochefoucauld, 5th Marquis of Surgères, who was Governor of Chartres.[3] His maternal grandparents were Charlotte-Bénigne Le Ragois de Bretonvilliers and Charles-François-César Le Tellier de Louvois (a descendant of François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois). His niece, Zénaïde Chapt de Rastignac, married François XIV de La Rochefoucauld, 9th Duke of La Rochefoucauld (eldest son and heir of François de La Rochefoucauld, 8th Duke of La Rochefoucauld)[4] His aunt, Anne Alexandrine Rosalie de La Rochefoucauld, Countess of Durtal, was guillotined in Paris in 1794 during the Reign of Terror.[5][6]

Career

Portrait of Rochefoucauld by François Joseph Heim

La Rochefoucauld was appointed aide-de-camp to General Jean Joseph Dessolles immediately after the Allies entered Paris in 1814. He was sent to Nancy to inform Charles, Count of Artois of the formation of the provisional government and the fall of Napoleon. Due to his role in the reestablishment of the "legitimate throne" after the fall of Napoleon, including attempting to bring down the statue of Napoleon on the Vendôme Column, he was excluded from the amnesty that Bonaparte promulgated, on his return from the island of Elba.[7]

La Rochefoucauld accompanied King Louis XVIII to Ghent, and was appointed Colonel of the 5th Legion of the National Guard of Paris and aide-de-camp to Charles, Count of Artois during the Second Restoration.[8]

On 22 August 1815, he was elected Deputy for Marne in the Chamber of Deputies, voting with the ultra-royalist majority of the "Chambre introuvable" He was unable to be re-elected in 1816 as he was under the newly required age, however, he remained aide-de-camp to the Count of Artois. As an intimate of Zoé Talon du Cayla, he continued his influence in favor of absolute monarchy by pushing her towards Louis XVIII.[9]

Director of Fine Arts

Charles X Distributing Awards to Artists (with Rochefoucauld to the right of the King), 1892 copy by Étienne-Antoine-Eugène Ronjat of François-Joseph Heim's 1827 painting.

In August 1824, King Louis XVIII named him Director General of the Division of Fine Arts and Royal Theaters, a department within the Ministry of the Interior under Minister Jacques Joseph de Corbière. When the King died a few days later, he selected Victor Hugo as the official poet for the Coronation of Charles X of France.[10]

As Director-General of Fine Arts, his duties included supervision of the Royal Theaters and Royal Museums. A number of decrees during his tenure were unpopular, including regulating the length of Opera dancer's skirts,[11] and having plaster vine leaves applied to the middle of all the statues. With the help of Guillaume Capelle, he unsuccessfully tried to take control of the newspapers undertaking to remove Joseph-François Michaud, a highly critical royalist journalist, from overseeing La Quotidienne.[12]

He was able to get Louis XVIII to authorize the purchase of David's Intervention of the Sabine Women and Thermopyle for the Louvre, and Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, which was bought from the painter's heirs in 1824. In 1825, together with Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin, he chose the subjects for the decorations of the ceilings of four rooms, intended for the Conseil d'État of the Jacques Lemercier wing of the Louvre.[13]

After July 1830, the position of Director of Fine Arts remained vacant until journalist Edmond Cavé was appointed in 1833.[14]

Later years

He was promoted to Maréchal de camp in May 1825, before being elected to the Chamber of Deputies on 24 November 1827, as a Deputy of Marne. After the July Revolution of 1830, La Rochefoucauld remained in contact with the royal family in exile. The Duchess of Angoulême (the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, and their only child to reach adulthood) asked him to investigate Karl Wilhelm Naundorff, who claimed to be her brother who died in Temple prison.[15]

As a legitimist, La Rochefoucauld was opposed to the July Monarchy and was prosecuted for his pamphlet Today and Tomorrow (French: Aujourd'hui et demain), published in 1832. He was defended by Pierre-Antoine Berryer but lost and was imprisoned for three months in the Sainte-Pélagie Prison in 1833.[15]

Upon his father's death in 1841, he inherited the dukedom of Doudeauville and the marquisate of Surgères.[a] From 1861 to 1864 he published his memoirs with his correspondence in fifteen volumes.[15]

Personal life

Portrait of his first wife, Élisabeth de Montmorency-Laval
Portrait of his son, Sosthènes II, by Léon Bonnat, 1899

In 1807,[6] he married Elisabeth-Hélène-Pierre de Montmorency Laval (1790–1834), a daughter of Minister of Foreign Affairs Mathieu de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency-Laval,[17] and Pauline Hortense d'Albert de Luynes (a daughter of Louis Joseph d'Albert, 6th Duke of Luynes). To the marriage, Elisabeth brought the Château d'Esclimont at Saint-Symphorien-le-Château and the Château de Bonnétable in Bonnétable. Together, they were the parents of six children:[18]

A widower, he remarried on 18 August 1841 to Angélique Herminie de La Brousse de Verteillac (1797–1881), daughter of François-Gabriel-Thibault of La Brousse de Verteillac, Marquis de Verteillac, Baron de La Tour Blanche, and Charlotte Félicité Élisabeth Tiercelin d'Appelvoisin. She was the widow of Félix de Bourbon-Conti (recognized natural son of Louis François, Prince of Conti). When her first husband died in 1840, she inherited Hôtel de Boisgelin (which later became known as the Hôtel de La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville).[21]

La Rochefoucauld died at Château d'Armainvilliers in Seine-et-Marne on 5 October 1864.[18]

Descendants

Through his son Stanislas, he was a grandfather of Charles Marie Mathieu Sosthène de La Rochefoucauld (1855–1875) and Auguste François Marie Stanislas Mathieu de La Rochefoucauld (1863–1881). As both boys predeceased their father, without issue, the dukedom and titles reverted to the 2nd Duke's younger son, Sosthène II.[18]

References

Notes
  1. ^ The dukedom had been created in the peerage of the Kingdom of Spain in 1782, granting him precedence as a Grandee of Spain. The Peerage of France was recreated by the Charter of 1814 at the same time as the Bourbon Restoration, albeit on a different basis from that of the ancien regime before 1789. A new Chamber of Peers was created which was similar to the British House of Lords, and it met at the Palais du Luxembourg. This new Chamber of Peers acted as the upper house of the French parliament.[16]
Sources
  1. ^ Hoey, Mrs. C. (1878). The Life of Madame de la Rochefoucauld, Duchesse de Doudeauville. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  2. ^ Notice historique et généalogique sur la maison Chapt de Rastignac: Publiée par la famille (in French). A. Wittersheim. 1858. p. 131. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  3. ^ Gilbert, E. T. (1904). Paris and the French. p. 34. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  4. ^ Bulletin de la Société historique et archéologique du Perigord (in French). Société historique et archéologique du Perigord Périgueux. 1908. p. 395. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  5. ^ Biré, Edmond (1896). The Diary of a Citizen of Paris During 'the Terror'. Chatto & Windus. p. 248. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b Courcelles, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de (1822). Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France: des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France (in French). L'auteur. p. 31. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  7. ^ Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de (1 January 1912). Memoirs of Napoleon. Library of Alexandria. p. 1527. ISBN 978-1-4655-3724-9. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  8. ^ Forrest, Alan (13 February 2020). The Death of the French Atlantic: Trade, War, and Slavery in the Age of Revolution. Oxford University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-956895-6. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  9. ^ "Louis XIII". The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Lor to Mun. Encyclopaedia Britannica: 48. 1911. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  10. ^ Holoman, D. Kern (24 February 2004). The Société Des Concerts Du Conservatoire, 1828-1967. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-520-23664-6. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  11. ^ Parker, Roger; Smart, Mary Ann (2001). Reading Critics Reading: Opera and Ballet Criticism in France from the Revolution to 1848. Oxford University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-19-816697-9. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  12. ^ Bulletins Et Mémoires de la Société Médicale Des Hôpitaux de Paris (in French). Masson. 1900. p. 90. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  13. ^ Baudelaire, Charles (11 June 1981). Baudelaire: Selected Writings on Art and Artists. CUP Archive. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-28287-1. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  14. ^ Knysak, Benjamin; Blažeković, Zdravko (4 February 2022). Musical History as Seen through Contemporary Eyes: Essays in Honor of H. Robert Cohen. Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 195. ISBN 978-3-99012-974-6. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  15. ^ a b c The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art. John W. Parker and Son. 1864. p. 30. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Constitutional Charter of 1814". www.napoleon-series.org. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  17. ^ Dorothée, Dino (16 March 2021). Memoirs of the Duchesse De Dino (Afterwards Duchesse de Talleyrand et de Sagan), 1841-1850. Litres. p. 460. ISBN 978-5-04-075685-8. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d e Annuaire de la noblesse de France et des maisons souveraines de l'Europe (in French). Champion. 1867. p. 101. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d Courcelles, Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de (1827). Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France: des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France (in French). L'auteur. p. 114. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  20. ^ Tellier, Luc-Normand (1987). Face Aux Colbert: Les le Tellier, Vauban, Turgot... et L'Avènement du Libéralisme (in French). PUQ. p. 701. ISBN 978-2-7605-2289-3. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  21. ^ Annuaire historique et biographique des souverains, des chefs et membres des maisons princières, des autres maisons nobles, et des anciennes familles, et principalement des hommes d'État, des membres des chambres législatives, du clergé, des hommes de guerre, des magistrats et des hommes de science de toutes les nations (in French). Direction. 1844. p. 126. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
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French nobility
Preceded by Duke of Doudeauville
1841–1864 		Succeeded by
Marquis of Surgères
1841–1841