Sminthuridae

Sminthuridae
Sminthurus viridis, about 3 mm long, is also known as the lucerne flea
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Collembola
Order:	Symphypleona
Superfamily:	Sminthuroidea
Family:	Sminthuridae
Genera
See text

Sminthuridae (Lubbock, 1862), not to be confounded with: Sminthurididae (Börner, 1906), is a family of springtails of the order Symphypleona.[1][2] Sminthurids are commonly referred to as globular springtails.[3][4]

Description

Like other Symphypleona, Sminthuridae are globular in shape and have a furcula that allows them to jump. Members of this family have four-segmented antennae in which the basal segment is short and the rest successively increase in length. The terminal antennal segment has about 20 whorls of hairs and is divided into numerous subsegments. Sminthuridae also have well-developed tracheae. The dens has many setae, unlike in Mackenziellidae where it has 3 setae. Females have subanal appendages.[5][6]

Ecology

Sminthuridae occur in surface litter layers, on vegetation and in tropical forest canopies. They may be collected using Tullgren funnels or pitfall traps, or by sweeping through grass with a pan.[7] Additionally, Sminthuridae is one of the springtail families that includes species living in freshwater.[8]

List of genera

Thirteen genera are placed within the Sminthuridae:[1][9]

• Allacma Borner, 1906
• Arrhopalites Borner, 1906
• Bourletiella Banks, 1899
• Caprainea Dallai, 1970
• Collophora Richards, 1964
• Dicyrtoma Bourlet, 1842
• Lipothrix Borner, 1906
• Neosminthurus Mills, 1934
• Ptenothrix Borner, 1906
• Sminthurus Latreille, 1802
• Spatulosminthurus Betsch & Betsch-Pinot, 1983
• Sphyrotheca Borner, 1906
• Vesicephalus Richards, 1964

Notable species

• Allacma fusca, a common European species
• Sminthurus viridis, the lucerne flea, an introduced pest species in Australia[10][11]

References

1. "Family Sminthuridae". University of Michigan. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
2. "Order Symphypleona(". University of Michigan. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
3. "Family Sminthuridae (globular springtails)". UniProt. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
4. "Globular Springtail". University of California, Irvine. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
5. "Checklist of the Collembola: Key to the families of Collembola". www.collembola.org. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
6. Edde, Peter A. (2022), "Arthropod pests of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.)", Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance, Elsevier, pp. 862–913, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818621-3.00015-x, ISBN 978-0-12-818621-3, retrieved 2022-11-22
7. Coleman, David C.; Crossley, D.A.; Hendrix, Paul F. (2004), "Secondary Production: Activities of Heterotrophic Organisms—The Soil Fauna", Fundamentals of Soil Ecology, Elsevier, pp. 79–185, doi:10.1016/b978-012179726-3/50005-8, ISBN 978-0-12-179726-3, retrieved 2022-11-22
8. "Arthropoda: Introduction to Crustacea and Hexapoda", Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, Elsevier, pp. 565–641, 2019, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385024-9.00017-4, ISBN 978-0-12-385024-9, S2CID 213557744, retrieved 2022-11-22
9. "Classification of Family: Sminthuridae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
10. "PestWeb - Lucerne Flea". www.agric.wa.gov.au/. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
11. "Collembola - springtails". CSIRO. Retrieved 2009-01-07.