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Siripuram, Nalgonda district
Siripuram is a village and a gram panchayat of Ramannapet Mandal, Nalgonda District, in Telangana state in India.[1][2] (Pincode Telangana 508113). It is 71km from Hyderabad. (There is also a Siripuram village in Andhra Pradesh India - pincode 522401). Siripuram is known for its textile industries. Nearly 60% of the people are employed as weavers, or textile dyeing workers. Siripuram is the place of a long-known traditional weaving process called ikat. Ikat is a term that means "Poetry of the Loom." It is recognizable by its geometric patterns and blurry lines. The main agricultural resources are cotton and wheat. History
FacilitiesThere are four Schools in Siripuram - Nethaji High School, Zphs Siripuram, Zilla Parishat High School and Nethaji Primary School. Siripuram has two hospitals, Siripuram Panchayath and Vijaya Clinic Siripuram. It also has two restaurants and a hotel. TravelBy train - there are three trains from Hyderabad.
The nearest railway station to Siripuram is Ramannapeta (5.2 km away) By bus - Imlibun bus stand to Choutuppal. Then Choutuppal to Siripuram. The nearest bus station is Siripuram bus stand. Nearest airports DemographicsSiripuram 2011 Census Details Total Population 4379 Total No of Houses 1144 Female Population 49.9% (2187) Total Literacy rate 61.5% ( 2692) Female Literacy rate 25.7% (1125) Scheduled Tribes Population 1.0% (42) Scheduled Caste Population 9.6% (421) Working Population 49.0% Child (age 0-6) Population 377 Girl Child (age 0-6) Population 47.2% (178) The local Language is Telugu. Culture
ArtisansIn a village with a population of over 4,500 people, 2,000 of them are weavers out of which 20 families are Muslims and the rest are Padmashali Hindus. Men and women both do the weaving, walking, spooling, spinning, tying and dyeing, There are nearly 30Master Weavers and very few people work on their own and sell their products on their own. Not all the artisans weave; nearly 400 people out of 2,000 weave. SahukarsSahukars who are the middlemen selling the products woven by the weavers to different people using different media. There are nearly 30 sahukars in the village and 20 of them export their ikat products to different parts of India like Odisha, Jharkhand and other eastern states. The sahukars place an order to the artisans according to the market demand. They then agree to pay a fixed amount of price for a product and pays some of the amounts in advance, and then pay them in full according to the design after the product is developed. They may also work as moneylenders. Some sahukars have the entire process unit under their control or they just pay local artisans to work for them. Most of them are paid in cash when they work under a sahukar. SocietySociety is the help center for the weavers and artisans of the Padmashali community. People of other castes are not allowed to be a part of this society. Society usually takes product orders for the government, sources the yarns from the government body called NHDC (National Handloom Development Corporation), and then pays the workers to work for the government. The yarns are sourced from NHDC and are then distributed to the weavers according to the order size. Government schemes for weavers
Fabric Designing and processMost of the fabrics woven are for the home décor market, but dress material and chunni are also woven. Some of the motifs and designs found in Siripuram Ikat are: Geethalu, Pan patola, Rajasthan, Mamidipinde, Malle rekha, Malle mogga, Kota komma, Jaggu, Indhradhanasu, Chakram, Kaya, Pedha kaya, Chinna kaya, diamond, etc. They use bright colors and sometimes they use darker colors according to the market demand. The weavers use white weft to tone down the colors of the warp. The designs are given by the market to the Society and Sahukars who pass on the design to the artisans. Very few artisans get the privilege of designing their own fabrics and carrying out their own business at market. ProcessWarping - Warping is done on the "addas". This is known as drum warping. First the artisans used hanks of yarn but now they use cone. This is a very old technique. In one complete circle of the ‘adda’ 25 meters length of yarn is warped. If the yarn is warped on the ‘adda’ for one hour, there are 140 ‘koliki’, that is, 140 counts, that is, 280 threads. The yarns are then dried by the technique of street spreading. The village is planned in a linear way because of this process only. Weft preparation - The yarn is rotated on a charkha so that it gets transferred to the shuttle and then it goes for weaving. Usually the females of the family help the artisans to do this. Designing - The designs are made on the graph papers. One box on the graph denotes six yarns. Nowadays, for warp direction ikat, no graph paper is used because the artisans are so skilled that they can imagine the design and without any rough draft can start the tying and dyeing. Tying - Once the designing is over, the artisan moves to tying. The yarns are spread evenly and stretched in the room. Then, with the help of a ruler they mark the parts on the yarns which are to be tied. With the help of rubber strips from cycle tires, they tie the yarns tightly so that those portions are resisted and the dye does not penetrate that area. For very fine designs, they tie cotton yarns very tightly around the area which has to be resisted. Dyeing - Once the bundle of yarns is tied, they are sent for dyeing. Most of the artisans, who tie the yarns also dye them. They use chemical dyes, like naphthol dye. They use caustic soda, TR and the color to dye the yarn. First, it is dipped in a soap solution and then it is dipped in the dye. The yarns are tied and dyed multiple times depending on the design. Weaving - The dyed yarns are then sent to the weavers. The weavers dent the yarns in the loom and then start the weaving. They mostly use pit looms made of teak wood for weaving. They use plain weave, that is, one up and one down. They use temple to maintain the evenness of the width of the fabric. They also use wax to smoothen the thread movement. They are mostly applied to the selvedges of the fabric. Wax is mostly used for red and yellow dyed yarn because they are coarser than others. References
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