Sierra County, California

Sierra County, California
County
County of Sierra
Images, from top down, left to right: Downieville, Conifer forest in the Tahoe National Forest, Stampede Dam
Official seal of Sierra County, California
Seal
Map
Interactive map of Sierra County
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
Country United States
State California
RegionSierra Nevada
IncorporatedApril 16, 1852
Named forSierra Nevada
County seatDownieville
Largest cityLoyalton
Government
 • TypeCouncil–Manager
 • ChairPaul Roen
 • Vice ChairSharon Dryden
 • Board of Supervisors
Supervisors[1]
  • Lee Adams
  • Peter W. Hubener
  • Paul Roen
  • Terry LeBlanc
  • Sharon Dryden
Area
 • Total
962 sq mi (2,490 km2)
 • Land953 sq mi (2,470 km2)
 • Water9 sq mi (20 km2)
Highest elevation
8,844 ft (2,696 m)
Population
 (April 1, 2020)[2]
 • Total
3,236
 • Density3.4/sq mi (1.3/km2)
GDP
[3]
 • Total$0.114 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC-8 (Pacific Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code530
Congressional district3rd
Websitewww.sierracounty.ca.gov Edit this at Wikidata

Sierra County (/siˈɛrə/ ⓘ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,236,[4] making it California's second-least populous county.[2] The county seat is Downieville;[5] the sole incorporated city is Loyalton. The county is in the Sierra Nevada, northeast of Sacramento on the border with Nevada.

History

Sierra County was formed from parts of Yuba County in 1852. The county derives its name from the Sierra Nevada.

Prior to the California Gold Rush, the area was home to both the Maidu and the Washoe peoples. They generally summered in the higher elevations to hunt and fish, and returned to lower elevations for the winter months.[6] After the discovery of gold in the Sierra foothills sparked the California Gold Rush, more than 16,000 miners settled in Sierra County between 1848 and 1860. Most mining settlements in the county sprung up along the North and Middle Forks of the Yuba River, both of which had rich deposits of gold. While some of the mining boom towns faded away once gold fever died down, other settlements such as Downieville and Sierra City have remained.[7][8]

Notable gold nuggets found in the county include a 26.5 pound specimen, avoirdupois, found by a group of sailors at Sailor Ravine, two miles above Downieville. A 51-pound specimen was found in 1853 by a group of Frenchmen in French Ravine. The 106 pound Monumental Nugget was found in Sept. 1869 at Sierra City.[9]

The Bald Mountain drift mine in Forest City was founded in Aug. 1864, and was the largest of its kind in the state at the time. The Bald Mountain Extension was located in 1874 east of Forest. The Monte Cristo Mine was located in 1854. The largest quartz-mine is the Sierra Buttes Gold Mine was located in 1850 near Sierra City. The Gold Bluff Mine was located near Downieville in 1854. By 1880 the county was "crushing" 70,000 tons of quartz and had 266 miles of mining ditches.[9]

Boundary dispute with Nevada County

Since the enactment of the statute in which the California State Legislature defined the common boundary between Nevada and Sierra Counties in 1874, no survey was conducted to determine where the straight line segment of the common boundary between the two counties ran. In particular, the statute, at the time codified as Section 3921 of the California Political Code, at the time stated:

...thence south on said state line (state of Nevada) to the northeast corner of Nevada County, a point east of the source of the South Fork of the Middle Yuba River; thence west to the source of, and down the South Fork of the Middle Yuba River to a point ten miles above the mouth of the latter.

Since the line was not surveyed and the legislature never defined where the "point east of the source of the South Fork of the Middle Yuba River" was, the location of the straight air line between the state line and this point was unknown. As such, both counties claimed that the point east of the source, which itself was also unknown, was located in different places. This created a situation where a strip of land averaging 1.22 miles in width and around 31.29 square miles were under dispute, with Sierra County claiming that Nevada County was encroaching on their jurisdiction when attempting to levy property taxes. The trial court, that of Plumas County, sided with Sierra County, declaring that the disputed area had always belonged to Sierra County since the legislature defined the boundary in dispute by referencing Public Land Survey System lines. It also determined that the source of South Fork of the Middle Yuba River was that of several springs in the Sierra Nevada, contrary to the artificial English Lake, which ceased to exist after the failure of its dam in 1883, which is where the source of said waterway was in the eyes of Nevada County. The California Supreme Court affirmed the trial courts decision on December 28, 1908.[10]

Geography

Sierra County, California, near Plumas National Forest

Sierra County, California covers 962 square miles according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The county comprises 953 square miles of land and 9 square miles of water. The county is located in the Sierra Nevada. The county has a diverse range of landscapes, from mountains to forests, with numerous lakes and streams. The area has opportunities for hiking, fishing, and hunting.[11]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Politics and government

Because Loyalton is Sierra County's most populous municipality and its only incorporated city, generally half of the meetings of the county's board of supervisors are held in Downieville and the other half are held in Loyalton.[12] The county is governed by the five-member Sierra County Board of Supervisors, consisting of the following members as of August 2021.[13]

  • District One (Downieville, Goodyears' Bar, Pike, Alleghany): Lee Adams, Chairman
  • District Two (Sierra City, Bassetts, Verdi): Peter W. Huebner
  • District Three (Calpine, Sattley, Sierraville): Paul Roen
  • District Four (Loyalton): Terry LeBlanc
  • District Five (Sierra Brooks): Sharon Dryden

Law enforcement is provided by the Sierra County Sheriff's Department, headed by current Sierra County Sheriff-Coroner Michael "Mike" Fisher. Due to the county's sparse population and geographical obstacles, the Sheriff's Department operates a substation in Loyalton in addition to their main headquarters in Downieville.[14]

Voter registration statistics

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Sierra County at one time had favored the Democratic party in presidential elections and was one of few counties in California to be won by George McGovern. In more recent times it is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

United States presidential election results for Sierra County, California[17][note 2]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 1,066 60.74% 641 36.52% 48 2.74%
2020 1,142 58.65% 730 37.49% 75 3.85%
2016 1,048 56.40% 601 32.35% 209 11.25%
2012 1,056 58.70% 653 36.30% 90 5.00%
2008 1,158 58.16% 743 37.32% 90 4.52%
2004 1,249 64.12% 646 33.16% 53 2.72%
2000 1,172 63.45% 540 29.24% 135 7.31%
1996 877 51.38% 573 33.57% 257 15.06%
1992 691 36.85% 653 34.83% 531 28.32%
1988 860 50.71% 791 46.64% 45 2.65%
1984 1,078 56.86% 781 41.19% 37 1.95%
1980 855 49.77% 651 37.89% 212 12.34%
1976 680 43.15% 841 53.36% 55 3.49%
1972 629 47.51% 658 49.70% 37 2.79%
1968 548 45.93% 559 46.86% 86 7.21%
1964 413 33.28% 828 66.72% 0 0.00%
1960 576 46.79% 647 52.56% 8 0.65%
1956 638 50.55% 620 49.13% 4 0.32%
1952 822 53.76% 698 45.65% 9 0.59%
1948 546 43.40% 660 52.46% 52 4.13%
1944 443 39.91% 662 59.64% 5 0.45%
1940 511 32.38% 1,057 66.98% 10 0.63%
1936 340 22.56% 1,152 76.44% 15 1.00%
1932 292 25.46% 796 69.40% 59 5.14%
1928 457 51.52% 420 47.35% 10 1.13%
1924 276 38.93% 73 10.30% 360 50.78%
1920 506 72.18% 158 22.54% 37 5.28%
1916 360 35.36% 594 58.35% 64 6.29%
1912 10 0.86% 515 44.47% 633 54.66%
1908 600 55.40% 410 37.86% 73 6.74%
1904 791 65.05% 376 30.92% 49 4.03%
1900 702 60.99% 436 37.88% 13 1.13%
1896 707 56.61% 527 42.19% 15 1.20%
1892 787 57.45% 529 38.61% 54 3.94%

On November 4, 2008, Sierra County voted 64.2% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[18]

In the 2009 special statewide election, Sierra County had the highest voter turnout of any county in California, with 53.6% of registered voters participating, according to the Los Angeles Times. The election was nearly double the overall voter turnout in the state, about 23%.[19]

Transportation

There is only one traffic signal (a flashing red light at the intersection of highways 49 and 89) in Sierra County. In the winter of 2007 it was removed after an automobile accident and was replaced in the fall of 2008.[citation needed]

Major highways

County roads

Public transportation

Public transportation in Sierra County is limited to vans run by senior citizen agencies in Downieville and Loyalton which the general public may ride on a space-available basis.[20]

Airport

Sierraville-Dearwater Field Airport is a general aviation airport located near Sierraville. The closest major airport is in Reno.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
186011,387—
18705,619−50.7%
18806,62317.9%
18905,051−23.7%
19004,017−20.5%
19104,0982.0%
19201,783−56.5%
19302,42235.8%
19403,02524.9%
19502,410−20.3%
19602,247−6.8%
19702,3655.3%
19803,07329.9%
19903,3188.0%
20003,5557.1%
20103,240−8.9%
20203,236−0.1%
2023 (est.)3,200[22]−1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[23]
1790-1960[24] 1900-1990[25]
1990-2000[26] 2010[27] 2020[28]

2020 census

Sierra County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[29] Pop 2010[27] Pop 2020[28] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 3,210 2,855 2,615 90.30% 88.12% 80.81%
Black or African American alone (NH) 6 5 7 0.17% 0.15% 0.22%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 56 41 18 1.58% 1.27% 0.56%
Asian alone (NH) 5 12 7 0.14% 0.37% 0.22%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 3 2 1 0.08% 0.06% 0.03%
Other Race alone (NH) 2 1 25 0.06% 0.03% 0.77%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 60 55 186 1.69% 1.70% 5.75%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 213 269 377 5.99% 8.30% 11.65%
Total 3,555 3,240 3,236 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2015

As of 2015 the largest self-reported ancestry groups in Sierra County, California are:[30]

Largest ancestries (2015) Percent
English England 19.0%
German Germany 18.2%
"American" United States 16.1%
Scottish Scotland 6.4%
Italian Italy 5.9%
Polish Poland 4.6%
Portuguese Portugal 4.0%
Swiss Switzerland 3.6%
Swedish Sweden 3.2%
French France 3.1%

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that Sierra County had a population of 3,240. The racial makeup of Sierra County was 3,022 (93.3%) White, 6 (0.2%) African American, 44 (1.4%) Native American, 12 (0.4%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 75 (2.3%) from other races, and 79 (2.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 269 persons (8.3%).[38]

2000

As of the census[39] of 2000, there were 3,555 people, 1,520 households and 986 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1.5 people/km2). There were 2,202 housing units at an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 94.2% White, 0.2% Black or African American, 1.9% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Six percent of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Eighteen percent were of English ancestry, 16% were of Irish, 11% German and 8% Italian ancestry.[40] Over ninety-five (95.3) percent spoke English and 3.4% Spanish as their first language.

There were 1,520 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,827, and the median income for a family was $42,756. Males had a median income of $36,121 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,815. About 9.0% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

Media

Sierra County is served by two long-running local newspapers. The Sierra Valley region, which is partially within Sierra County, is served by the Sierra Booster, based in Loyalton. This paper has been published bi-weekly since 1949 when it was established by reporter, miner, and airman Hal Wright and his wife Allene.[41] It is today run by their daughter Janice Wright Buck.

The other paper serving the county is Mountain Messenger which is based in Downieville. The Messenger has been in constant publication since 1853 and is currently the longest-running weekly newspaper in the state of California. Its more notable former contributor was Mark Twain, at the time in hiding from Nevadan authorities and writing under his birth name of Samuel Clemens.[42]

This paper was the center of considerable media attention in early 2020 when its future was uncertain with the retirement of Don Russell, who had owned and operated it for 30 years; it was saved by local retiree Carl Butz, who purchased the paper and runs it today.[43][44] The Mountain Messenger is printed every Thursday by Feather Publishing Co., based in Quincy; it is distributed across Sierra, eastern Plumas and western Nevada counties.

Education

Communities

City

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Sierra County.[45]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 Loyalton City 769
2 Sierra Brooks CDP 478
3 † Downieville CDP 282
4 Sierra City CDP 221
5 Calpine CDP 205
6 Sierraville CDP 200
7 Verdi CDP 162
8 Pike CDP 134
9 Goodyears Bar CDP 68
10 Alleghany CDP 58
11 Sattley CDP 49

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  2. ^ The leading “other” candidate, national Progressive and statewide Republican nominee Theodore Roosevelt, received 483 votes, whilst Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 133 votes, Prohibition Party candidate Eugene W. Chafin received 13 votes, and various write-in candidates received 14 votes.
  3. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  4. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  5. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native

References

  1. ^ "Board of Supervisors". County of Sierra. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "2020 Population and Housing State Data". Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  3. ^ "Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Sierra County, CA". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  4. ^ "Sierra County, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ^ Sierra County History, 2008, The Online Guide to Sierra County, accessed April 2, 2013
  7. ^ "Sierra County, CA - Official Website - Official Website". www.sierracounty.ws. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  8. ^ Sierra Valley, Sierra County History Archived October 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, 2012, East Sierra Valley Chamber of Commerce, accessed April 2, 2013
  9. ^ a b Gilbert, Frank; Wells, Harry (1882). Illustrated History of Plumas, Lassen & Sierra Counties, with California from 1513 to 1850. San Francisco: Fariss & Smith. pp. 478–483.
  10. ^ County of Sierra v. County of Nevada, 155 Cal. 1, 12 (California Supreme Court December 28, 1908).
  11. ^ M, Pritam (January 8, 2023). "Sierra County, California". Sierra County. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  12. ^ "Sierra County Government Directory". Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  13. ^ "Board of Supervisors". Sierra County, CA. Sierra County. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  14. ^ "Sheriff-Coroner". Sierra County, CA. Sierra County. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  17. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  18. ^ "2008 Initiative General Election Results - Sierra County, CA".
  19. ^ La Ganga, Maria L. (May 22, 2009). "Sierra County (where everyone votes by mail) is serious about elections". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  20. ^ County of Sierra, Calif (April 19, 2006). "Sierra County 2005 Regional Transportation Plan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2006. Retrieved April 1, 2007.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  22. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  23. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  24. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  25. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  26. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  27. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sierra County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  28. ^ a b "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Sierra County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  29. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Sierra County, California". United States Census Bureau.
  30. ^ "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  31. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  32. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  33. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  34. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  35. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  36. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  37. ^ a b c d e Data unavailable
  38. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  39. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  40. ^ Sierra County, CA ANCESTRY & FAMILY HISTORY Archived June 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 2007, accessed April 2, 2013
  41. ^ "About Us - Sierra Booster". The Sierra Booster.
  42. ^ "The Mountain Messenger - About Us". The Mountain Messenger.
  43. ^ Blackstone, John (February 17, 2020). "Retiree saves California's oldest weekly newspaper from shutting down". CBS News. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  44. ^ Arango, Tim (February 10, 2020). "Meet the Unlikely Hero Saving California's Oldest Weekly Paper". New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2021. High in the Sierra, Downieville, Calif., was about to become the latest American community to lose its newspaper. In stepped Carl Butz, a 71-year-old retiree
  45. ^ Promotions, Center for New Media and. "US Census Bureau 2010 Census". www.census.gov. Retrieved March 30, 2018.

39°35′N 120°30′W / 39.59°N 120.50°W / 39.59; -120.50