Shy heathwren

Shy heathwren
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Acanthizidae
Genus:	Hylacola
Species:	H. cauta
Binomial name
	Hylacola cauta; Gould, 1843
Subspecies
	H. c. macrorhyncha - (Schodde & Mason, IJ, 1999); H. c. cauta - Gould, 1843; H. c. halmaturina - (Mathews, 1912); H. c. whitlocki - (Mathews, 1912);
Synonyms
	Calamanthus cautus; Hylacola cautus; Sericornis cautus

The shy heathwren (Hylacola cauta) is a species of small bird in the family Acanthizidae, endemic to Australia. They inhabit mostly mallee woodland that has relatively dense shrub and heath understorey.

Taxonomy

Their taxonomic name was formerly Calamanthus cautus—classing them as fieldwrens—until they were renamed in 2008.^[3] The generic name Hylacola derives from the Greek hylē 'woodland' and the Latin -cola 'dweller'.^[4] The specific epithet derives from the Latin cautus 'shy, wary'.^[4] Common names for the species include shy hylacola^[1] and mallee heathwren.^[5] Four subspecies have been recognised: the nominate subspecies Hylacola cauta cauta in South Australia and Victoria; H. c. macrorhynchus in New South Wales; H. c. halmaturina on Kangaroo Island; and H. c. whitlocki in Western Australia.^[6]^[7]

Description

The birds are cock-tailed with a chestnut rump that darkens towards the tip. Their feathers are white with brown streaking underneath and greyish-brown on the back and crown. They have a white eyebrow, tail tip and patch on the flight feathers, and a black bill. Their eyes are brown to yellowish-brown and legs are slate-brown. Females have slightly duller colouring, and immature birds are duller again with some of these being fawn-coloured underneath.^[8]^[9] They have a total length when adults of 12–14 cm (4.7–5.5 in).^[8]^[6]

Distribution and threats

They are uncommon residents across a wide part of southern Australia. Ranging from near West Wyalong in New South Wales to the Murchison River in Western Australia.^[8] In New South Wales, they are found in two isolated populations: one between Leeton, Willandra National Park, Nymagee and West Wyalong; and the other from Balranald to Trentham Cliffs. Within the state they are seen as a threatened and vulnerable, largely due to human-wrought habitat loss, and predation by foxes and cats.^[9]

Behaviour

Diet

Shy heathwrens feed mostly on ground-dwelling insects, and rarely on seeds.

Nesting

Their ground-level nests are dome-shaped and usually concealed within grass tussocks or shrubs.^[9] They typically lay 2 or 3 freckled and pinkish eggs.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b "Calamanthus cautus (Shy Heathwren, Shy Hylacola)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 20 July 2018.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
^ Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
^ Christidis, L; Boles, W.E (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
^ ^a ^b Jobling, James A. "Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird-names". Retrieved 2020-04-18.
^ Pizzey, Graham; Doyle, Roy (1980) A Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. Collins Publishers, Sydney. ISBN 073222436-5
^ ^a ^b Morcombe, Michael (2012) Field Guide to Australian Birds. Pascal Press, Glebe, NSW. Revised edition. ISBN 978174021417-9
^ Gregory, P. (2020). "Shy Heathwren (Hylacola cauta), version 1.0." In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.shyhea1.01
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Slater, Peter; Slater, Pat; Slater, Raoul (1993). The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds (Revised ed.). Sydney: Landsdowne. p. 258. ISBN 0-947116-99-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Shy Heathwren – Profile". Department of Environment and Climate Change, NSW. Retrieved 2008-06-05.