Sciron

Sciron beaten by Theseus, Attic red-figure cup, 500–490 BC, Louvre (G 104).

In Greek mythology, Sciron, also Sceiron, Skeirôn and Scyron, (Ancient Greek: Σκίρων; gen.: Σκίρωνoς) was one of the malefactors killed by Theseus on the way from Troezen to Athens. He was a famous Corinthian bandit who haunted the frontier between Attica and Megaris.

Family

Sciron was the son of either Pelops[1] and possibly Hippodameia, or Poseidon[1] and Iphimedeia[citation needed].[2] Other sources makes his parents as Canethus and Henioche, a daughter of Pittheus which made him a cousin of Theseus.[3] Sciron was also called the son of Pylas, king of Megara and thus great-grandson of Lelex.[4]

Sciron was the father of Endeis[5] by the daughter of Pandion[4] or Chariclo, daughter of Cychreus.[6] Through his daughter Endeis, Sciron was thus the grandfather of the heroes Telamon and Peleus.[5] A son of Sciron named Alycus, in the army of the Dioscuri was also said to be slain by Theseus when the latter kidnapped the young Helen.[3]

Mythology

Sciron, the robber

An Isthmian outlaw, Sciron dwelt at the Sceironian Rocks, a cliff on the Saronic coast of the Isthmus of Corinth on the Megarian territory.[2][7] He robbed travelers passing the Sceironian Rocks and sitting near the sea he made it his practice to force them to wash his feet at a precipitous place. When they knelt before him, he would suddenly give them a kick over the cliff into the sea, where the victim's body was devoured by a huge monstrous sea turtle which used to swim under the rocks[2][8] or rolled down the crags into the sea at a place called Chelone (i.e. tortoise).[9] As his fourth labour, Theseus slew him in the same way, by pushing him off the cliff[10] or according to some, the hero seized him by the feet and threw him into the sea.[11] In the pediment of the royal Stoa at Athens, there was a group of figures of burnt clay, representing Theseus in the act of throwing Sciron into the sea.[12]

Sciron, the warlord

According to Plutarch, however, the Megarians claimed that Sciron was not a robber, but identified him with the Megarian warlord named Sciron.

Sciron was neither a violent man nor a robber, but a chastiser of robbers, and a kinsman and friend of good and just men. For Aeacus, they say, is regarded as the most righteous of Hellenes, and Cychreus the Salaminian has divine honors at Athens, and the virtues of Peleus and Telamon are known to all men. Well, then, Sciron was a son-in law of Cychreus, father-in law of Aeacus, and grandfather of Peleus and Telamon, who were the sons of Endeis, daughter of Sciron and Chariclo. It is not likely, then, they say, that the best of men made family alliances with the basest, receiving and giving the greatest and most valuable pledges.[13]

When Pylas was exiled from Megara, he gave the rule to his son-in-law Pandion, who then gave it to his son Nisus. Sciron who married the daughter of Pandion disputed with Nisus about the throne. But later on, he agreed to accept the arbitration of Aeacus, king of Aegina, who decided that Nisus and his descendants should be king and have the government while Sciron was entitled as the military leader and in command of war.[14] Sciron accepted this decision and married his daughter Endeïs to the chosen umpire Aeacus.

In one version, Theseus instituted the Isthmian Games so as to honor him and made expiation for his murder because of their kinship (they were cousins as their mothers Aethra and Henioche were sisters). Others, Plutarch remarked, bestow the honor of the games upon Sinis, another bandit killed by Theseus.[3]

A passage in Ovid (Met.7.444), where the poet claims that certain cliffs by the name of Sciron owe their name to the man, suggests an aetiological origin for the tale.

In another story, Sciron, here identified as the son of a man named Polypemon, threw his daughter Alcyone into the sea to drown when he discovered that she had been sleeping with multiple men whilst unmarried.[15]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Apollodorus, E.1.2
  2. ^ a b c Tripp, Edward. The Meridian Handbook of Classical Mythology. Meridian, 1970, p. 522.
  3. ^ a b c Plutarch, Theseus 25.4–5
  4. ^ a b Pausanias, 1.39.6
  5. ^ a b Apollodorus, 3.12.6
  6. ^ Plutarch, Theseus 10.3
  7. ^ Strabo, 9.1.4
  8. ^ Pausanias, 1.44.8
  9. ^ Diodorus Siculus, 4.59.4
  10. ^ Apollodorus, E.1.2; Hyginus, Fabulae 38; Pausanias, 1.44.8; Scholia ad Euripides, Hippolytus 976
  11. ^ Apollodorus, E.1.2; Ovid, Metamorphoses 7.445
  12. ^ Pausanias, 1.3.1
  13. ^ Plutarch, Theseus 10.2-3 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  14. ^ Pausanias, 1.39.6 & 1.44.6
  15. ^ Pseudo-Probus, On Virgil's Georgics 1.399

References

  • Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
  • Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
  • Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, Lives with an English Translation by Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. 1. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
  • Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
  • Tripp, Edward, Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). ISBN 069022608X.
  • William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, s.v. Sciron 1 & 2. London. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.