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Saraiyahat
Saraiyahat is a community development blocks that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district, Jharkhand state. GeographySaraiyahat, the CD block headquarters, is located at 24°34′49″N 87°0′47″E / 24.58028°N 87.01306°E.[1] It is located 48 km from Dumka, the district headquarters. Dumka district is a plateau region. It is divided into four micro subregions. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and parts of Ramgarh, Dumka and Masalia CD blocks. Scattered hillocks with forests are spread over the region with elevation above mean sea level varying from 274 to 753 metres (899 to 2,470 ft). The Deoghar Uplands covers only parts of Masalia CD block. The area has large number of hillocks covered with forests. The Rajmahal Hills, spread over the north-eastern part of the district, covers Ramgarh, Dumka, Kathikund and Gopikandar CD blocks. The Pakur Uplands, in the eastern part of the district, with a height of 31 metres (102 ft) above mean sea level, covers parts of Gopikandar and Kathikund CD blocks. The two blocks, named last, also fall under the Damin-i-koh region of Santhal Parganas.[2] Saraiyahat is bounded by Chanan, Katoria and Bausi CD blocks in Banka district of Bihar and Poraiyahat CD block in Godda district on the north, Ramgarh CD block on the east, Jarmundi CD block on the south and Chakai CD block in Jamui district of Bihar and Mohanpur CD block in Deoghar district on the west.[3][4][5][6][7] Saraiyahat CD block has an area of 300.44 km2.[8]Saraiyahat and Hansdiha police stations serve this block.[9] Headquarters of this CD block is at Saraiyahat village.[10] DemographicsPopulationAs per the 2011 Census of India Saraiyahat CD block had a total population of 156,291, all of which were rural. There were 80,535 (52%) males and 75,756 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 27,416. Scheduled Castes numbered 14,191 (9.08%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 258,050 (17.95%).[8] LiteracyAs of 2011[update] census, the total number of literates in Saraiyahat CD Block was 75,591 (58.64% of the population over 6 years) out of which 46,721 (62%) were males and 28,870 (38%) were females. The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 34%.[8] See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
Language and religionIn 2001, Santali was the mother-tongue of 660,233 persons in Dumka district, forming 41.17% of the population, followed by Hindi with 615,667 persons (38.39%) and Bengali with 327,714 persons (20.44%). Other languages had small numbers of speakers.[11] Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[12] In 2011, Hindus numbered 1,044,726, forming 79.60% of the population of Dumka district followed by Muslims with 106,865 persons (8.09%), Christians with 86,404 persons (6.54%) and other religions/ religion not stated with 83,447 (6.31%).[11] Rural poverty60-70% of the population of Dumka district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Ranchi and Jamtara districts.[13] Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.[14] EconomyLivelihoodLivelihood Cultivators (30.93%) Agricultural labourers (53.44%) Household industries (4.33%) Other Workers (11.30%)
In Saraiyahat CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 23,637 and formed 30.93%, agricultural labourers numbered 40,836 and formed 53.44%, household industry workers numbered 3,312 and formed 4.33% and other workers numbered 8,635 and formed 11.30%. Total workers numbered 76,420 and formed 48.90% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 79,891 and formed 51.10% of total population.[15] Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.[16] InfrastructureThere are 285 inhabited villages in Saraiyahat CD block. In 2011, 192 villages had power supply. 45 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 276 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 279 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 38 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 17 villages had telephones (land lines), 22 villages had public call offices and 86 villages had mobile phone coverage. 275 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 21 villages had bus service (public/ private), 2 villages had railway stations, 14 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 64 villages had tractors. 13 villages had bank branches, 8 villages had agricultural credit societies, 4 villages had cinema/ video halls, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 74 villages had public distribution system, 18 villages had weekly haat (market) and 73 villages had assembly polling stations.[17] AgricultureDumka district is a rural dominated area with a large population residing in the villages. "Agriculture practices are the main source of income for the rural people of the district."[18] It is a hilly district receiving considerably high rainfall (1088mm to 1244mm annual average), resulting in a considerable vegetative cover. Ruthless exploitation of forests has reduced them to bushes without any big trees. Only 6.42% of the agricultural lands are irrigated by wells and tanks. Major crops in the district are paddy, maize and wheat.[19] The availability of land has been a major problem. "The Santals have played an important part in the reclamation of land." The District Gazetteer of the Santal Parganas (1938) writes, "In the olden areas, from which he (the Santal) moved on at an earlier date, he seems to have done the first clearing of the jungle, and the first rough sloping of shapes and levels. The more civilised Bengali, Bihari and upcountry immigrant came at his heels, pushed him off the land by force, cajolery, trickery, seized upon his improvements by the application of larger capital or steadier labour developed the embryo bandhs and tanks into works of considerable size,"[20] In Saraiyahat CD block, 58.79% of the total area was cultivable area and 22.95% of the cultivated area was irrigated area.[21] Backward Regions Grant FundDumka district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[22][23] TransportThe 130 km Bhagalpur-Dumka-Rampurhat railway project is an extension of the Bhagalpur-Mandar Hills section functioning for a long time. Service was extended to Hansdiha (in this block) in 2012, and at that time work was on in the 42 km Hansdiha-Dumka sector.[24]
EducationSaraiyahat CD block had 97 villages with pre-primary schools, 198 villages with primary schools, 80 villages with middle schools, 13 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 2 villages with general degree colleges, 76 villages with no educational facility.[17]
HealthcareSaraiyahat CD block had 6 villages with primary health centres, 21 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 1 village with TB clinic, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 6 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.[17]
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