Elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity
Map of Namibia showing the Caprivi Strip in the country's northeast. A salient , panhandle , or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state .
While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.
In American English , the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma , or the northernmost portion of Idaho . Another term is bootheel , used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
Origin
The term salient is derived from military salients . The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan , and its use is generally confined to North America.
The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, though the location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties or topography .
Country-level salients
Africa
Far North Province of Cameroon A map of the Congo Pedicle
Asia
Chittagong Division BangladeshMap of India showing the Seven Sister states in the northeast plus the smaller salient of Sikkim immediately to their west. The 14 provinces of Thailand forming the salient of Southern Thailand.
Europe
Dutch Limburg shown within the Netherlands
Salient
Country
Syunik Armenia
Tyrol and Vorarlberg Austria
West Flanders Belgium
Tamashowka Belarus
Neum Bosnia and Herzegovina
Dubrovnik-Neretva County ,Croatia
Ilok ,
Louroujina Salient Cyprus
Cheb District ,Czech Republic
Šluknov Hook ,
Laatre, Viljandi County Estonia
Enontekiö Finland
Charleville-Mézières France
Kakheti Georgia
Western Thrace Greece
County Donegal ,Ireland
County Monaghan ,
Province of Trieste Italy
Dieveniškės appendixLithuania
Castelré , North Brabant ,Netherlands
Limburg ,
County Fermanagh United Kingdom
Pasvikdalen valleyNorway
Bogatynia Poland
Melgaço and north of Monção and Arcos de Valdevez (Viana do Castelo District )Portugal
Tourém in north of Montalegre (Vila Real District )
Couto Misto in north of Montalegre (Vila Real District)
Miranda do Douro , Mogadouro and Vimioso (Bragança District )
Moura and eastern Barrancos (Beja District ) and Mourão (Évora District )
Olivenza (claimed by Portugal)Spain
Bryansk Oblast Russia
Ain , (around the border of Switzerland )France
Galicia Spain
Canton of Geneva ,Switzerland
Canton of Schaffhausen ,
Bernina , Inn , Lugano , Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts
Budjak Ukraine
Jamena Serbia
Petsamo Finland
South America
Misiones Province within Argentina
North America
Subnational salients
The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.
Africa
Location of Niari Department within the Republic of the Congo. The southeastern arm is the Kimongo District. Location of the Fatick Region within Senegal. Gossas Department is the northeastern arm.
Salient
Country
Tafraoui and Oran Province Algeria
Southwestern Saïda Province
Algeria
Northeastern Bié Province
Angola
Eastern Kgalagadi District
Botswana
Balé Province and Boucle du Mouhoun Region Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province , Centre-Est Region Burkina Faso
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province
Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province
Burundi
Kimongo District , Niari Department Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province
Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone , Somali Region Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department , Woleu-Ntem Province Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District , Central Region Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture ,Kindia Region Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture , Mamou Region
Guinea
Western Isiolo County
Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District
Libya
Southern Mzimba District , Northern Region
Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region
Mauritania
Boumdeid Department , Assaba Region Mauritania
Southeastern Tete Province
Mozambique
Gossas Department , Fatick Region Senegal
Southern Uvinza District , Kigoma Region
Tanzania
Babati , Hanang , Mbulu Districts , Manyara Region Tanzania
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts , Midlands Province Zimbabwe
South America
Guayas Province, Ecuador. Balzar and El Empalme Cantons form the northern arm of the province. Venezuela's Barinas State. Andrés Eloy Blanco is the small western extension of the state, Arismendi is the larger eastern extremity. Páez, in Apure, lies immediately to the south of western Barinas.
Salient
Country
Southern Buenos Aires Province
Argentina
Luis Calvo , Chuquisaca Department Bolivia
Sud Cinti , Chuquisaca Department
Whale Coast , Bahia Brazil
Alto Parnaíba , Balsas , and Tasso Fragoso , southernmost Maranhão
Northern Mato Grosso
Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia
Triângulo Mineiro , Minas Gerais
Arauco Province , Bío Bío Region Chile
San Antonio Province , Valparaíso Region
Urabá region, Antioquia Department Colombia
Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department
Santander Department northern tip
Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department
Cotacachi Canton , Imbabura Province Ecuador
Eastern Tena Canton , Napo Province
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons , Guayas Province
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne
Guyana
Caravelí Province , Arequipa Region Peru
Northern Tapanahony , Sipaliwini District
Suriname
Páez , Apure Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality , Barinas
Arismendi Municipality , Barinas
North and Central America
Locations of panhandles within states of the USA
Asia
Location of Nabatieh District within Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon. Map of Gorno-Badakhshan within Tajikistan, showing the panhandle of Darvoz District in the west. South Sulawesi in Indonesia, with a panhandle of East Luwu Regency in the east
Salient
Country
Wakhan District , Badakhshan Province Afghanistan
Nawa District , Ghazni Province
Chishti Sharif District , Herat Province
Eastern Sarpang District
Bhutan
Northern Mandalay Division
Burma
Tianchang , Anhui China
Maqu County , Gansu
Fan County and Taiqian County , Henan
Pingliang and Qingyang , Gansu
Daxing'anling Prefecture , Heilongjiang
Zhaotong , Yunnan
Koraput and Malkangiri districts , Odisha India
Pathankot district , Punjab
Kota division , Rajasthan
Southern Jhansi division , Uttar Pradesh
Eastern salient of Java , East Java , [ c] Indonesia
Wonogiri Regency , Central Java
Pacitan Regency , East Java
Mahakam Ulu Regency , East Kalimantan
South Jakarta , Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok , West Java
Tabalong Regency , South Kalimantan
East Luwu Regency , South Sulawesi
Ogan Komering Ilir Regency , South Sumatra
Pasaman Regency , West Sumatra
Semirom County , Isfahan Province Iran
Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province
Southern Yazd Province
Noda, Chiba Japan
Nose, Osaka
Ōra District, Gunma
Reinan [ja ] (Wakasa ), Fukui
Wadi Araba Department , Aqaba Governorate Jordan
Russeifa Department , Zarqa Governorate
Southwest Panfilov District , Chuy Region
Kyrgyzstan
Chong-Alay District , Osh Region
Nabatieh District , Nabatieh Governorate Lebanon
Bandar Baharu District , Kedah,Malaysia
Northeast of Kuantan District , Eastern Pahang
South of Kemaman District , Terengganu
Eastern Achham District , Far-Western Region
Nepal
Western Surkhet District , Mid-Western Region
Bannu , Karak , and Kohat Divisions , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ,Pakistan
Tiwi , Albay Philippines
Northernmost portion of barangay San Isidro, Cainta , Rizal [ 1]
Northwestern Cagayan
Libis/Reparo, Santa Quiteria and Talipapa of southern Caloocan
Carmona, Cavite ,
Northeastern Ilocos Sur (roughly corresponding to its 1st district ),
Barangays Casile and Pittland, Cabuyao , Laguna
Santa Maria, Laguna
Las Piñas (Almanza Dos)
Eastern Maguindanao del Sur , Philippines (municipalities east of Sultan sa Barongis )
Carranglan , Nueva Ecija
Alfonso Castañeda , southern Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur , Nueva Vizcaya
Eastern Sultan Kudarat (roughly corresponding to its 1st district , excluding Isulan )
Bikinsky District , Khabarovsk Krai Russia
Trincomalee District , Eastern Province Sri Lanka
Al-Suqaylabiyah District , Hama Governorate Syria
Chenggong and Changbin townships, Taitung County Taiwan
Darvoz District , Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region Tajikistan
Western Dhamar Governorate
Yemen
Europe
Location of Viken , Norway. The municipalities of Jevnaker and Lunner connect the former counties of Akershus and Buskerud Location of Newmarket (shown as red dot) within Suffolk, England Location of Manche within Normandy, France
Salient
Country
Southern Gmunden , Upper Austria
Austria
Pancharevo , Sofia City Province Bulgaria
Kuhmoinen , Pirkanmaa Finland
Parikkala , South Karelia
Pudasjärvi -Taivalkoski -Kuusamo , North Ostrobothnia
Ruokolahti , South Karelia
Varkaus , Pohjois-Savo
Gironde , (panhandle is around the Gironde estuary )France
Drôme , (Montfroc )
Hauts-de-Seine
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Manche
Lower Franconia , Bavaria Germany
Amt Neuhaus , District of Lüneburg , Lower Saxony
Osnabrück District and City , Lower Saxony
Altenburger Land , Thuringia
Southeastern Mureș County
Romania
Southeastern Győr-Moson-Sopron County
Hungary
Northern Pest County
Clonlisk, County Offaly
Ireland
Tullyhaw , County Cavan
Province of Rieti , Lazio Italy
Raseiniai District Municipality , Kaunas County Lithuania
Dieveniškės , Vilnius County
Rivierenland, Gelderland
Netherlands
Steenwijkerland , Overijssel
Viken Norway
Mourão , Évora District Portugal
Vorkuta District, Komi Republic Russia
Negueira de Muñiz , Galicia (Spain) Spain
Aranjuez , Madrid (Spain)
A Mezquita , Galicia
Diessenhofen , Schlatt bei Diessenhofen , and Basadingen-Schlattingen , Frauenfeld District , Thurgau Switzerland
Monthey District , Valais
Buckfastleigh , Teignbridge United Kingdom
Ceiriog Valley , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
English Maelor , Wrexham County Borough , Wales
Western New Forest District , Hampshire
Newmarket , Suffolk
North Cornwall , Cornwall
Stamford , Lincolnshire
South Staffordshire , Staffordshire
The area around Tring , Hertfordshire , which is itself bounded on one side by a salient of Buckinghamshire in the area around Pitstone , Ivinghoe and Dagnall
Ljig , Kolubara District Serbia
Ljubovija , Mačva District
Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde , Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
Petrovo , Republika Srpska
Ravno , Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
Oceania
Location of Anetan District within Nauru Location of Timaru District within New Zealand's South Island. The Waitaki District is parallel with it, a little further south.
See also
Notes
^ This definition includes the following counties: Bay , Calhoun , Escambia , Franklin , Gadsden , Gulf , Holmes , Jackson , Jefferson , Leon , Liberty , Madison , Okaloosa , Santa Rosa , Taylor , Wakulla , Walton , and Washington .
^ This definition includes the following counties: Allegany , Frederick , Garrett , and Washington
^ Not a geopolitical salient, but a normal geographical feature similar to that of a peninsula.
References
Further reading
.svg)
