Russula subnigricans

Russula subnigricans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Russulales
Family: Russulaceae
Genus: Russula
Species:
R. subnigricans
Binomial name
Russula subnigricans
Hongo (1955)[1]
Russula subnigricans
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium is free
Stipe is bare
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is poisonous or deadly

Russula subnigricans, known as the rank russula,[2] or Nise-Kurohatsu (Japanese), meaning "false blackening russula" is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in East Asia.

Description

The flesh turns pale red when cut, but doesn't turn black unlike Russula nigricans.[1]

The species was named by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1955.[1]

The name was formerly applied to the North American fungus Russula eccentrica in California.[3] It has been reclassified as Russula cantharellicola, where it grows in association with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in California oak woodland habitats.[4]

Toxicity

Russula subnigricans is a poisonous mushroom, and has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan and Japan. The effect is a serious one, rhabdomyolysis.

The toxins responsible are the very unusual cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid (a toxic molecule consisting of only 10 atoms) and Russuphelin A (a heavily chlorinated polyphenolic).[5][6]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Tsuguo Hongo (1955) Notes Japanese Larger Fungi(6). The Journal of Japanese Botany（植物研究雑誌）30(3), p.73-76.doi:10.51033/jjapbot.30_3_3843
  2. ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
  3. ^ Wood M, Stevens F (2007). "California Fungi:Russula eccentrica". The Fungi of California website. Mykoweb. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  4. ^ Openjournals.wsu.edu: "A new species of Russula, subgenus Compactae from California" (2014).
  5. ^ Editorial. "Experts identify toxic compound in deadly mushroom". Reuters.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  6. ^ Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Matsuda M, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1992). "Russuphelin A, a new cytotoxic substance from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo". Chem Pharm Bull. 40 (12): 3185–88. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.3185. PMID 1294320.