en Russula cyanoxantha

*Russula cyanoxantha*
Mycological characteristics
Russula cyanoxantha Mycological characteristics
	Gills on hymenium
	Cap is flat or convex
	Hymenium is adnate
	Stipe is bare
	Spore print is white
	Ecology is mycorrhizal
	Edibility is choice

Russula cyanoxantha
	Russula cyanoxantha
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Russulales
Family:	Russulaceae
Genus:	Russula
Species:	R. cyanoxantha
Binomial name
	Russula cyanoxantha; (Schaeff.) Fr. (1863)
Synonyms
	List Agaricus cyanoxanthus Schaeff. (1774); Agaricus pectinatus var. cyanoxanthus (Schaeff.) Duby (1830); Russula vesca var. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. (1849); Russula variata Banning (1881); Russula cyanoxantha var. variata (Banning) Singer (1934); Russula cutefracta Cooke (1881); Russula cyanoxantha var. cutefracta (Cooke) Sarnari (1992); Russula cyanoxantha f. cutefracta (Cooke) Sarnari (1993); Russula lilacina Quél. ex Gillet (1884); Russula cyanoxantha f. pallida Singer (1923); Russula cyanoxantha f. peltereaui Singer (1925); Russula peltereaui (Singer) Moreau (1996); Russula cyanoxantha f. atroviolacea J.E. Lange (1938); Russula flavoviridis Romagn. (1962); Russula cyanoxantha var. flavoviridis (Romagn.) Sarnari (1992); Russula cyanoxantha var. subacerba Reumaux (1996);

Russula cyanoxantha, commonly known as the charcoal burner or variegated russula,^[1] is a basidiomycete mushroom. It can be confused for a number of other members of its genus. It is an edible mushroom.

Description

The most salient characteristic is the weak gills, which feel greasy to the touch, are flexible and do not break. The cap is 4–18 cm (1+1⁄2–7 in) wide, convex at first and later flattened, and greenish to bright brown; they vary considerably in color.^[2] The stipe is pure white, slightly convex underneath, from 2.5–12 cm (1–4+3⁄4 in) in height and 1–5 cm (1⁄2–2 in) in diameter.^[2]^[3] The white-to-cream gills are sometimes forked.^[3] The spores are white,^[2] as is the spore print.^[3] The stipe will give a green reaction when rubbed with iron salts (ferrous sulphate), while most other Russula species give a salmon reaction.^{[citation needed]}

Similar species

It is distinguished from most other members of the genus by the fact that its gills do not split, but are soft and flexible.

The cap of the grey-green Russula grisea is more blue-grey but has violet or green hues with light cream gills; it also grows in mixed forests, particularly under beech, and more rarely in coniferous forests. Russula olivacea also may have a variegated cap, but produces yellow spores.^[2] Russula aerugineais is greenish and has forked gills. Russula variata is frequently forked and found in the east. R. versicolor has yellowish, unforked gills.^[3]

Habitat and distribution

Russula cyanoxantha grows in slightly acidic, but nutrient-rich soil. Like all Russulas, it is a mycorrhizal fungus. It is found most commonly in beech forests, and often in deciduous or mixed forests.

It is possible but not conclusive that R. cyanoxantha may only appear in Europe, while specimens identified elsewhere may be other species.^[3] It is one of the most common species of Russula in Europe.^{[citation needed]}

It appears from July to October in both eastern North America and the Mountain states, and from October to January in western North America.^[3]

Uses

The edible mushroom^[4] is suitable for many kinds of preparation; the flesh is not as hard as that of many other edible Russulas. It has a mild,^[2] nutty taste.

It was designated "Mushroom of the Year" in 1997 by the German Association of Mycology.

References

^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
^ Phillips, Roger (2010) [2005]. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.

E. Garnweidner. Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Europe. Collins. 1994.

External links

Data related to Russula cyanoxantha at Wikispecies
Media related to Russula cyanoxantha at Wikimedia Commons
Russulales News page on Russula cyanoxantha

[1] Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.

[:0-2] Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.

[audu-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.

[4] Phillips, Roger (2010) [2005]. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.

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