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Raffaello BorghiniRaffaello Borghini (1537 – 26 December 1588) was a Florentine poet, playwright and art critic. His art treatise Il Riposo (1584) is an important work of the Counter-Reformation and Counter-Maniera. LifeBorghini was probably born in 1537 in Florence. He was named after his grandfather. His mother was Alessandra Buontempi. Although noble, the Borghini had fallen on hard times at the time of his birth.[1] He was the great nephew of Vincenzo Borghini and the two have sometimes been conflated as authors.[2] In his early years, Borghini was an opponent of the Medici. In 1572–1575, he worked in Provence under the patronage of the governor, Jean de Pontevès, and Cardinal Georges d'Armagnac.[1] In Provence, he may have earned a living by teaching dance.[2] He returned to Florence and to his friends, including Baccio Valori and Bernardo Vecchietti, in 1575. He returned to France in 1579–1580.[1] He lived the rest of his life in Florence.[2] His later years were more economically secure. He may have joined the Benedictine Order in 1584.[3] He died on 26 December 1588 and was buried in Santa Croce. His portrait bust by Ridolfo Sirigatti is now lost.[1] Works Borghini was known in his own time as a playwright first and a poet second.[4] He is best known today for his work Il Riposo, a prose treatise on art for the Counter-Reformation and Counter-Maniera, first published in 1584.[5] It is "the first art treatise specifically directed towards a lay audience." It contains instructions on what to look for in art, a discussion of the writings of Pliny the Elder and Giorgio Vasari, and a discussion of Italian art history in the sixteen years since the second edition of Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects appeared in 1568. It is written in a variety of the Tuscan language approaching modern Italian and was admired in the 17th and 18th centuries by the Accademia della Crusca for its linguistic characteristics.[6] Borghini's play's include:
Borghini's poems include:
In addition there are collections of poems attributed to "Filareto" and "Philareto" that might be by Borghini.[7] Giovambattista di Lorenzo Ubaldini attributed to him the lost work Dialogo in lode dell'ignoranza (Dialogue in Praise of Ignorance).[1][7] List of artists covered in Il RiposoThe following are all the artists treated in Il Riposo in descending ordered based on space given.[9] Andrea del Sarto
Raphael Vasari Alessandro Allori Tintoretto Michelangelo Giotto Francesco Morandini Perino del Vaga Stradanus Battista Naldini Bronzino Pontormo Ammanati Francesco Salviati Alessandro Fei Giambologna Giulio Romano Donatello Titian Parmigianino Rosso Fiorentino Beccafumi Mantegna Leonardo da Vinci Fra Bartolomeo Santi di Tito Federico Zuccaro Buontalenti Vincenzo Danti Girolamo Muziano Fra Angelico Polidoro da Caravaggio Maturino Domenico Ghirlandaio Andrea Sansovino Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli Il Sodoma Girolamo Macchietti Giovantonio Dosio Masaccio Filippo Lippi Baldassare Peruzzi Taddeo Zuccaro Baccio Bandinelli Cimabue Taddeo Gaddi Vincenzo de' Rossi Perugino Botticelli Ridolfo Ghirlandaio Giovanni Bandini Sebastiano del Piombo Niccolò Tribolo Daniele da Volterra Antonello da Messina Giulio Clovio Pierino da Vinci Uccello Francesco Francia Raffaello da Montelupo Paolo Veronese Andrea del Castagno Franciabigio Luca Signorelli Domenico Puligo Lorenzo di Bicci Piero di Cosimo Antonio Pollaiuolo Piero Pollaiuolo Jacopo Sansovino Timoteo da Urbino Palma Giovane Giottino Giovanni da Udine Correggio Bartolomeo Passarotti Luca della Robbia Giorgione Giovanni Antonio Sogliani Stoldo Lorenzi Lorenzo di Credi Spinello Aretino Federigo Barocci Verrocchio Raffaellino del Garbo Cosimo Rosselli Valerio Cioli Benozzo Gozzoli Giovanni Francesco Rustici Brunelleschi Benedetto da Rovezzano Gentile Bellini Maso da San Friano Albertinelli Annibale Fontana Giovan Francesco Penni Properzia de' Rossi Desiderio da Settignano Benedetto da Maiano Scipione Pulzone Giovanni Battista de' Cavalieri Andrea Ferrucci Bartolomeo Bagnacavallo Giovanni Bizzelli Giovanni Bellini Michelozzo Vincenzo da San Gimignano Gherardo Starnina Primaticcio Giovanni Caccini Francesco da Sangallo Masolino Francesco Granacci Gentile da Fabriano Antonio Rossellino Lorenzo Costa Baccio da Montelupo Girolamo Danti Jan van Eyck Marietta Robusti Jacopo Bassano Prospero Fontana Ercole de' Roberti Ghiberti Francesco Bassano Lavinia Fontana Michele di Ridolfo Notes
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