Prostanthera

Prostanthera
Prostanthera althoferi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Prostantheroideae
Genus: Prostanthera
Labill.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
Prostanthera aspalathoides
Prostanthera campbellii
Prostanthera decussata
Prostanthera grylloana
Prostanthera hirtula
Prostanthera lasianthos
Prostanthera magnifica
Prostanthera stenophylla
Prostanthera striatiflora
Prostanthera walteri

Prostanthera, commonly known as mintbush or mint bush,[2] is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, and all are endemic to Australia. Plants are usually shrubs, rarely trees with leaves in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in the leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets. The sepals are joined at the base with two lobes. The petals are usually blue to purple or white, joined in a tube with two "lips", the lower lip with three lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or notched.

Description

Plants in the genus Prostanthera are usually shrubs or subshrubs, rarely trees, with leaves arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets with bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are joined at the base but with two lobes. The petals form a tube with two lips, the lower lip with three, usually spreading lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or a notch at the tip. The petal tube is bluish purple to white or more or less red. There are four stamens, the anthers often with a small appendage. The ovary has four lobes and the tip of the stigma has two branches.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy

The genus Prostanthera was first formally described in 1806 by Jacques Labillardière in his book Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen and the first species he described was Prostanthera lasianthos.[5][6] The word is derived from the Greek for an appendage. Within the flowers are small spur-like appendages on the anthers.[7]

Ecology

Prostanthera species are used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus including A. eximia and A. ligniveren.

Uses

Mint bushes are cultivated as ornamentals and for essential oils and spices.[8][9][10]

Species list

The following is a list of species accepted at the Australian Plant Census as at August 2020:[11]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prostanthera.
  1. ^ a b "Prostanthera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b Conn, Barry J.; Murray, Louisa. "Genus Prostanthera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  3. ^ Conn, Barry J. "Prostanthera". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Prostanthera". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  5. ^ "Prostanthera". APNI. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  6. ^ Labillardière, Jacques (1806). Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. Paris: Ex typographia Dominæ Huzard,1804-1806. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  7. ^ Les Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN 978-0-7318-1211-0 page 180
  8. ^ RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  9. ^ Althofer, G.W. (1978). Cradle of Incense: The Story of Australian Prostanthera. New South Wales: Society for Growing Australian Plants. OCLC 13244976.
  10. ^ Sadgrove NJ, Padilla-González GF, Telford IR, Greatrex BW, Jones GL, Andrew R, Bruhl JJ, Langat MK, Melnikovova I, Fernandez-Cusimamani E (2020). "Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) as a 'Cradle of Incense': Chemophenetics of Rare Essential Oils from Both New and Forgotten Australian 'Mint Bush' Species". Plants. 9 (11): 1570. doi:10.3390/plants9111570. PMC 7696040. PMID 33202983.
  11. ^ "Prostanthera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 August 2020.