With the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Japan was forced to recognize only one of the governments of Taiwan (ROC) and China (PRC). The outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 greatly worsened the relationship between the PRC and the United States, and Japan chose Taiwan in 1952 to sign the Treaty of Taipei. At that time, Japan was friendly to the Chiang Kai-shek regime because many people respected the generous post-war measures of the Chiang government in mainland ROC right after Japan surrendered. In 1972, Japan established diplomatic relations with China (PRC) and severed ties with Taiwan, but Japan continued [unofficially] friendly relations with Taiwan. In the 21st century, pro-Taiwan factors in Japan mainly advocate "value democracy [ja]" (価値観外交), which focuses on the fact that they see Taiwan as a country that shares liberal democracy like Japan, unlike China, an authoritarianism.
Shintaro Ishihara said on May 20, 2000, when he was visiting to attend the inauguration of President Chen Shui-bian, who is serving as governor of Tokyo: "I think one China, one Taiwan is good" (私は一つの中国。一つの台湾で良いと思う).[2]
Taiwan Number One [zh], an American gamer Angrypug's slogan that angered Chinese while playing H1Z1 in 2015, has since become a buzzword expressing anti-Chinese/pro-Taiwanese sentiment.
^"Tsai speech should resonate in Prague". Taipei Times. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024. The pro-Taiwan Czech Pirate Party quit the ruling coalition after significant losses in the regional elections.