Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt

Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt
Hochstift Eichstätt
1305–1802
Coat of arms of Eichstätt
Coat of arms
Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt, J.B. Homann, c.1717
Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt, J.B. Homann, c.1717
StatusPrince-Bishopric
CapitalEichstätt
Common languagesCentral Bavarian
GovernmentPrince-Bishopric
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Diocese established
741
• Prince-Bishopric
1305
• Joined
   Franconian Circle
1500
• Joined
   Catholic League
1617
• Mediatised to Salzburg
1802
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Duchy of Bavaria Duchy of Bavaria
Kingdom of Bavaria Kingdom of Bavaria

The Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt (German: Hochstift Eichstätt, Fürtsbistum Eichstätt, Bistum Eichstätt) was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Centered on the town of Eichstätt, it was located in the present-day state of Bavaria, somewhat to the west of Regensburg, to the north of Neuburg an der Donau and Ingolstadt, to the south of Nuremberg, and to the southeast of Ansbach.

Geography

Eichstätt Cathedral, founded by the first bishop Willibald in 741

Geographically, the territory of the Prince-Bishopric was very fragmented and, as of 1789, consisted of one main part to the east that was bordered by Bavaria in the north, east, and south, and by Pappenheim and Brandenburg-Ansbach in the west. The rest of the principality was located to the west and consisted of several fragments of various sizes enclaved mostly within Brandenburg-Ansbach. The total area was about 1100 km2, with a population of 58,000 (as of 1855).

History

The Diocese of Eichstätt was established in 741, when the Anglo-Saxon missionary Willibald was consecrated to the episcopate by Saint Boniface and turned to the church of Eichstätt in the German stem duchy of Bavaria. His successors achieved the status of a Prince-Bishop, when they inherited the Franconian territories of their former Vogt officials, the extinct Counts of Hirschberg (at Hirschberg Castle in the present-day town of Beilngries). In reaction to the Protestant Reformation, Eichstätt joined the Catholic League in 1617. The lands of the bishopric were a centre of the Counter-Reformation and the site of numerous witchcraft trials.[1]

In the course of the 1802 German mediatization following the French Revolutionary Wars, the bishopric was secularized and was in 1803, along with the Archbishopric of Salzburg, given in compensation to Archduke Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lorraine, brother of Emperor Francis II and former Grand Duke of Tuscany. Three years later, following Austria's defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz, the area was given to the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the Treaty of Pressburg. From 1817 to 1855, the Principality was recreated as a fief of Bavaria for the benefit of Napoleon's stepson Eugène de Beauharnais.

  • Willibaldsburg, residence of the prince-bishops from 1360 until 1725
    Willibaldsburg, residence of the prince-bishops from 1360 until 1725
  • Hirschberg Castle near Beilngries, secondary residence from 1305
    Hirschberg Castle near Beilngries, secondary residence from 1305

See also

References

  1. ^ From 1532 to 1723 at least 249 people (219 women, 30 men) were accused of being witches and 224 of them were executed. For the others their execution is either not yet proven (12) or they died in prison (4) or were released (8) or expelled from the diocese (1). The majority of witch trails was driven between 1613 and 1630 under the Prince-bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten. During these 18 years at least 199 trails and 176 executions of 150 women and 26 men can be shown today.

Sources

  • (in German) Eichstätt in Meyers Konversationslexikon, 1888
  • "Eichstätt". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-02-18.