After leaving Romania in 1973, he settled in Switzerland.[1] He studied mathematics and computer science in Zürich, receiving a PhD from ETH Zürich in 1997.[2] His PhD thesis, titled Cyclotomy of rings and primality testing,[3] was written under the direction of Erwin Engeler and Hendrik Lenstra.
In 2002, Mihăilescu proved Catalan's conjecture.[4][5][6] This number-theoretical conjecture, formulated by the French and Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844, had stood unresolved for 158 years. Mihăilescu's proof appeared in Crelle's Journal in 2004.