Genus of gastropods
Placostylus flax snails , are a genus of very large, air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Bothriembryontidae .[ 3] [ 2]
The shells of the snails in this genus can be as large as 4.5 inches (11 cm) in maximum dimension.
Many species within this genus are now extinct .
Taxonomy
Placostylus is the type genus of the family Placostylidae.[ 4] [ 4]
Breure et al. (2010)[ 5] Prestonella Bothriembryon [ 3] [ 3]
Distribution
This genus of snails occurs in the Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , New Caledonia , Fiji , Lord Howe Island , and Northland in New Zealand . There are three species in New Zealand and no subspecies.[ 6]
Species
In former classification, two subgenera were recognized:
subgenus Basileostylus Haas, 1935 [ 7] [ 8] Maoristylus Haas, 1935 [ 9] [ 8]
Species within this genus include:
† Placostylus abbreviatus (Gassies, 1871)
Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1906 [ 8] [ 6] Placostylus bivaricosus [ 10] Placostylus bondeensis (Crosse & Souverbie, 1869) Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845) Placostylus eddystonensis Pfeiffer, 1855 Placostylus fibratus (Martyn, 1789) - type species[ 11] Placostylus hongii (Lesson, 1830) [ 8] [ 6] Placostylus founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) : synonym of Placocharis founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847) Placostylus fraterculus Rensch, 1934 Placostylus gracilis (Broderip, 1840) † Placostylus leoni Haas, 1935
Placostylus porphyrostomus Pfeiffer, 1851 Placostylus priscus Powell, 1938 Placostylus salomonis (Pfeiffer, 1853) Placostylus scarabus (Albers, 1854) † Placostylus senilis (Gassies, 1869) Synonyms
Placostylus albersi Dautzenberg & Bouge in Dautzenberg, 1923 : synonym of Placostylus fibratus souvillei (Morelet, 1857) (nom. nov. pro Placostylus eximius Albers not Reeve )Placostylus alexander (Crosse, 1855) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855) Placostylus alienus Pilsbry, 1893 : synonym of Santacharis fuligineus (L. Pfeiffer, 1854) (original combination; junior synonym)Placostylus annibal (Souverbie, 1869) : synonym of Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845) (junior synonym)Placostylus bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868) : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868) Placostylus bollonsi Suter, 1908 [ 8] [ 6] Basileostylus bollonsi (Suter, 1908) Placostylus calus E. A. Smith, 1892 : synonym of Eumecostylus calus (E. A. Smith, 1892) (original combination)Placostylus cleryi (Petit de la Saussage, 1850) : synonym of Eumecostylus cleryi (Petit de la Saussaye, 1850) Placostylus cuniculinsulae Cox, 1872 : synonym of Placostylus bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855) (junior synonym)Placostylus dorseyi Dall, 1910 : synonym of Partula grisea Lesson, 1831 Placostylus duplex (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus porphyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) Placostylus dupuyi Kobelt, 1890 : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis bavayi (Crosse & Marie, 1868) (junior synonym)Placostylus falcicula (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784) Placostylus founaki (Rousseau, 1854) : synonym of Placocharis founaki (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847) Placostylus francoisi Mabille, 1895 : synonym of Poecilocharis bicolor (Hartman, 1889) (junior synonym)Placostylus gizoensis Clench, 1941 : synonym of Placostylus bivaricosus (Gaskoin, 1855) (junior synonym)Placostylus goulvainensis Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus smithii Kobelt, 1891 (junior synonym)Placostylus guestieri (Gassies, 1869) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus guestieri (Gassies, 1869) Placostylus guppyi E. A. Smith, 1892 : synonym of Placocharis guppyi (E. A. Smith, 1892) (original combination)Placostylus hienguensis Crosse, 1871 : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) (junior synonym)Placostylus houailouensis Dautzenberg, 1901 : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855) (junior synonym)Placostylus kanalensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1877) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus alexander (Crosse, 1855) (junior synonym)Placostylus layardi Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus bondeensis rossiteri (Brazier, 1881) (junior synonym)Placostylus leucolenus Crosse, 1896 : synonym of Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784) Placostylus loyaltyensis (Souverbie, 1879) : synonym of Leucocharis loyaltyensis (Souverbie, 1879) Placostylus manni Clapp, 1923 : synonym of Placocharis manni (Clapp, 1923) (basionym)Placostylus mariei (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1867) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus mariei (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1867)Placostylus miltocheilus Reeve, 1848 : synonym of Aspastus miltocheilus (Reeve, 1848) Placostylus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869) Placostylus palmarum (Mousson, 1869) : synonym of Placocharis palmarum (Mousson, 1869) Placostylus paravicinianus B. Rensch, 1934 : synonym of Placocharis paravicinianus (B. Rensch, 1934) (original combination)Placostylus pseudocaledonicus (Montrouzier in Crosse, 1859) : synonym of Placostylus scarabus (Albers, 1854) (junior synonym)Placostylus pyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) : synonym of Santacharis salomonis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) (junior synonym)Placostylus remotus Hedley, 1898 : synonym of Partula remota (Hedley, 1898) (original combination)Placostylus sanchristovalensis (Cox, 1870) : synonym of Eumecostylus sanchristovalensis (Cox, 1870) Placostylus savesi Crosse, 1886 : synonym of Placostylus eddystonensis savesi Crosse, 1886 Placostylus saxtoni Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus caledonicus (Petit, 1845) (junior synonym)Placostylus scottii (Cox, 1873) : synonym of Eumecostylus scottii (Cox, 1873) Placostylus seemanni (Dohrn, 1861) : synonym of Euplacostylus seemanni (Dohrn, 1861) Placostylus singularis (Morelet, 1857) : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus porphyrostomus (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) (junior synonym)Placostylus sinistrorsa (Crosse, 1884) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus ouveanus (Mousson, 1869) (based on unavailable original name)Placostylus smithii Kobelt, 1891 : synonym of Placostylus porphyrostomus smithii Kobelt, 1891 (basionym)Placostylus souvillei (Morelet, 1857) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus souvillei (Morelet, 1857) Placostylus stutchburyi (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) : synonym of Placocharis stutchburyi (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) Placostylus superfasciatus (Gassies, 1871) : synonym of Placostylus fibratus fibratus (Martyn, 1784) (junior synonym)Placostylus unicus B. Rensch, 1934 : synonym of Eumecostylus unicus (B. Rensch, 1934) (original combination)
References
^ Beck H. H. (1837). Index Moll. Mus. Ch. Fred. (1): 57.^ a b MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Placostylus H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818479 on 2020-11-14
^ a b c Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141 (1): 1-20. doi :10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020 .
^ a b Bouchet, Philippe ; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre ; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston ; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families ". Malacologia 47 (1– 2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1– 397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4 ISSN 0076-2997 .^ Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74 (1-3): 25-31.
^ a b c d Buckley T. R., Stringer I., Gleeson D., Howitt R., Attanayake D., Parrish R., Sherley G. & Rohan M. (2011). "A revision of the New Zealand Placostylus land snails using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphometric analyses, with implications for conservation". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38 (1): 55-81. doi :10.1080/03014223.2010.527997 .
^ Haas (1935). Zool. Anz. 109 : 189.
^ a b c d e "Class Gastropoda" . New Zealand Mollusca, accessed 26 December 2010.^ Haas (1935). Zool. Anz. 109 : 188.
^ Ponder W. F. , Colgan D. J., Gleeson D. M. & Sherley G. H. (2003). "Relationships of Placostylus from Lord Howe Island: an investigation using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene". Molluscan Research 23 (2): 159-178. doi :10.1071/MR03001 ^ ICZN (1992). "Opinion 1662. Limax fibratus Martyn, 1784 and Nerita hebraea Martyn, 1786 (currently Placostylus fibratus and Nerita hebraea ; Mollusca, Gastropoda): specific names conserved; and Placostylus Beck, 1837; L. fibratus designated as the type species". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 49 : 74-75.
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