Duggan began his hurling career at club level with Grenagh. He enjoyed his greatest success with the club when he was part of the 1951 Cork Minor Championship-winning team. Duggan later joined the Civil Service club in Dublin, winning a Dublin Intermediate Championship in 1962.
At inter-county level, Duggan was part of the successful Cork minor team that won the All-Ireland Championship in 1951. He joined the Cork senior team in 1958. From his debut, Duggan was ever-present as a centre-back before later switching to midfield and made 8 Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 1964.
At inter-provincial level, Duggan was selected to play in one championship campaigns with Munster, with his sole Railway Cup medal being won in 1961.