Pharyngeal apparatus

Pattern of the pharyngeal arches. I-IV pharyngeal arches, 1–4 pharyngeal pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside)
a Tuberculum laterale
b Tuberculum impar
c Foramen cecum
d Ductus thyreoglossus
e Sinus cervicalis

The pharyngeal apparatus is an embryological structure.[1][2]

It consists of:

• pharyngeal grooves (from ectoderm)
• pharyngeal arches (from mesoderm)
• pharyngeal pouches (from endoderm)

and related membranes.

References

1. "Medcyclopaedia – Branchial apparatus". Retrieved 2009-05-28.
2. "Lecture 24. Branchial Apparatus". Archived from the original on 2003-05-02. Retrieved 2009-05-28.