Petunia integrifolia

Petunia integrifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Petunia
Species:
P. integrifolia
Binomial name
Petunia integrifolia
Synonyms[2]
  • Nierembergia phoenicea D. Don
  • Nierembergia punicea Sendtn.
  • Petunia dichotoma Sendtn.
  • Petunia phoenicea D. Don ex Loudon
  • Petunia violacea Lindl.
  • Salpiglossis integrifolia Hook.
  • Stimoryne purpurea Raf.

Petunia integrifolia (syn. Petunia violacea), the violet petunia[3] or violetflower petunia,[4] is a species of wild petunia with violet-colored blooms.[5][6] Petunia integrifolia is native to Argentina.[7] P. integrifolia bears flowers approximately 1.5 inch in diameter and the plant is typically smaller and harder to cultivate than the well-known hybrid bedding Petunia now known correctly as Petunia × atkinsiana.[8][9]

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Salpiglossis integrifolia by William Jackson Hooker in 1831.[10] It was transferred to the genus Petunia as P. integrifolia by Hans Schinz and Albert Thellung in 1915.[11] Petunia inflata had sometimes been considered to be a subspecies of P. integrifolia, but the two have different native ranges, with P. inflata growing in more northern areas.[12]

Hallucinogen

Petunia violacea Lindl. has been reported to be used as a hallucinogen in Ecuador, where the plant has the vernacular name shanín. The drug is said to cause sensations of levitation and flight – a type of hallucination often associated with the use of the more toxic hallucinogenic plants of the deliriant type; e.g., the tropane-containing Atropa and Hyoscyamus, active constituents of the witches' flying ointments of Medieval and Early Modern Europe.[13] [14]

References

  1. ^ Nowick, Elaine (1 October 2014). Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names. Lincoln, NE: Lulu.com. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-60962-058-5.
  2. ^ "Tropicos.org". Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  3. ^ Nowick, Elaine (1 October 2014). Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants, Volume I: Common Names. Lincoln, NE: Lulu.com. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-60962-058-5.
  4. ^ NRCS. "Petunia integrifolia". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  5. ^ ITIS on-line database (1996). "Petunia integrifolia". U.S. Geological Survey. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  6. ^ Michelle Wishhart. "Petunia Violacea plants". Demand Media. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  7. ^ "Heirloom Garden: What's Blooming in Autumn?". Smithsonian Gardens. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  8. ^ Quentin Groom (2011). "Petunia integrifolia". Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  9. ^ "Petunia (group)". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  10. ^ William Jackson Hooker (1831), "Plate 3113 and two pages of descriptive text", Curtis's botanical magazine, vol. 5 (new series) = volume 58
  11. ^ Hans Schinz (1915), "Petunia integrifolia in Mitteilungen aus dem botanischen Museum der Universität Zürich (LXXI.)", Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, vol. 60, p. 361
  12. ^ Ando, T.; Ishikawa, N.; Watanabe, H.; Kokubun, H.; Yanagisawa, Y.; Hashimoto, G.; Marchesi, E.; Suárez, E. (2005), "A Morphological Study of the Petunia integrifolia Complex (Solanaceae)", Annals of Botany, 96 (5): 887–900, doi:10.1093/aob/mci241, PMC 4247055, PMID 16103037[dead link‍]
  13. ^ Schultes, Richard Evans Hallucinogenic Plants a Golden Guide, pub. Golden Press N.Y., 1976, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number : 74-21666, page 150.
  14. ^ Haro, A., S. L. : "Shamanismo y farmacopea en el Reino de Quito". Inst. Ecuat. Cienc. Nat. Contr., No. 75 : Nov. 1971.