The mountain range has been noted for its cultural and biological diversity.[4] Ethnic tribal communities such as the Manobos, Higaonons, and Bukidnons are the inhabitants of the area.[5]Ancestral domain claims within the boundaries of the mountain range have also been identified by the government for these Lumad minorities.[2]
Pantaron Mountain Range is one of the Philippines' few remaining biodiversity corridors with old growth forests.[4] It is home to rare species of flora and fauna, including the critically endangered Philippine eagle and of other endemic and vulnerable fauna such as the Philippine brown deer, the Philippine flying lemur, and a Mindanao-endemic gymnure.[6] The forests are threatened by mining and logging.[7]