P110α

PIK3CA
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPIK3CA, CLOVE, CWS5, MCAP, MCM, MCMTC, PI3K, p110-alpha, PI3K-alpha, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha, CLAPO, CCM4
External IDsOMIM: 171834; MGI: 1206581; HomoloGene: 21249; GeneCards: PIK3CA; OMA:PIK3CA - orthologs
EC number2.7.11.1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5290

18706

Ensembl

ENSG00000121879

ENSMUSG00000027665

UniProt

P42336

P42337

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_006218

NM_008839

RefSeq (protein)

NP_006209

NP_032865

Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 179.15 – 179.24 MbChr 3: 32.45 – 32.52 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (the HUGO-approved official symbol = PIK3CA; HGNC ID, HGNC:8975), also called p110α protein, is a class I PI 3-kinase catalytic subunit. The human p110α protein is encoded by the PIK3CA gene.[5]

Its role was uncovered by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE).[6]

Function

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (also called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)) is composed of an 85 kDa regulatory subunit and a 110 kDa catalytic subunit. The protein encoded by this gene represents the catalytic subunit, which uses ATP to phosphorylate phosphatidylinositols (PtdIns), PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2.[7]

The involvement of p110α in human cancer has been hypothesized since 1995. Support for this hypothesis came from genetic and functional studies, including the discovery of common activating PIK3CA missense mutations in common human tumors.[8] It has been found to be oncogenic and is implicated in cervical cancers.[9] PIK3CA mutations are present in over one-third of breast cancers, with enrichment in the luminal and in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive subtypes (HER2 +). The three hotspot mutation positions (GLU542, GLU545, and HIS1047) have been widely reported till date.[10] While substantial preclinical data show an association with robust activation of the pathway and resistance to common therapies, clinical data do not indicate that such mutations are associated with high levels of pathway activation or with a poor prognosis. It is unknown whether the mutation predicts increased sensitivity to agents targeting the P3K pathway.[11]

PIK3CA participates in a complex interaction within the tumor microenvironment in this phenomenon.[12]

Clinical characteristics

Due to the association between p110α and cancer,[13] it may be an appropriate drug target. Pharmaceutical companies are designing and characterizing potential p110α isoform specific inhibitors.[14][15]

The presence of [a] PIK3CA mutation may predict response to aspirin therapy for colorectal cancer.[16][17]

Somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA are found in Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome and venous malformation.[18][19]

PIK3CA-associated segmental overgrowth includes brain disorders such as macrocephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and hemimegalencephaly. It is also associated with congenital, lipomatous overgrowth of vascular malformations, epidermal nevi and skeletal/spinal anomalies (CLOVES syndrome) and fibroadipose hyperplasia (FH). The conditions are caused by heterozygous (usually somatic mosaic) mutations.[20]

Inhibition

All PI 3-kinases are inhibited by the drugs wortmannin and LY294002 but wortmannin shows better efficiency than LY294002 on the hotspot mutation positions.[21][22]

Pharmacology

In September 2017 Copanlisib, inhibiting predominantly p110α and p110δ, got FDA approval for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) who have received at least two prior systemic therapies.[23]

See also

Interactions

P110α has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000121879 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027665 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Hiles ID, Otsu M, Volinia S, Fry MJ, Gout I, Dhand R, Panayotou G, Ruiz-Larrea F, Thompson A, Totty NF (August 1992). "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: structure and expression of the 110 kd catalytic subunit". Cell. 70 (3): 419–29. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90166-A. PMID 1322797.
  6. ^ Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT (2013). "Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology". Oncogene. 33 (23): 2949–2955. doi:10.1038/onc.2013.244. PMC 3818472. PMID 23792451.
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: PIK3CA".
  8. ^ Samuels Y, Waldman T (2010-01-01). "Oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA in human cancers". In Rommel C, Vanhaesebroeck B, Vogt PK (eds.). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 347. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 21–41. doi:10.1007/82_2010_68. ISBN 9783642148156. PMC 3164550. PMID 20535651.
  9. ^ Ma YY, Wei SJ, Lin YC, Lung JC, Chang TC, Whang-Peng J, Liu JM, Yang DM, Yang WK, Shen CY (May 2000). "PIK3CA as an oncogene in cervical cancer". Oncogene. 19 (23): 2739–44. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203597. PMID 10851074.
  10. ^ Thirumal Kumar D, George Priya Doss C (September 2016). "Role of E542 and E545 missense mutations of PIK3CA in breast cancer: a comparative computational approach". Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics. 35 (12): 2745–2757. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1231082. PMID 27581627.
  11. ^ Zardavas D, Phillips WA, Loi S (January 2014). "PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer: reconciling findings from preclinical and clinical data". Breast Cancer Research. 16 (1): 201. doi:10.1186/bcr3605. PMC 4054885. PMID 25192370.
  12. ^ Fuchs CS, Ogino S (December 2013). "Aspirin therapy for colorectal cancer with PIK3CA mutation: simply complex!". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31 (34): 4358–61. doi:10.1200/jco.2013.52.0080. PMID 24166520.
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  14. ^ Stein RC (September 2001). "Prospects for phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition as a cancer treatment". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 8 (3). Bioscientifica: 237–48. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0080237. PMID 11566615. S2CID 568427.
  15. ^ Marone R, Cmiljanovic V, Giese B, Wymann MP (January 2008). "Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: moving towards therapy". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1784 (1): 159–85. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.10.003. PMID 17997386.
  16. ^ Liao X, Lochhead P, Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Imamura Y, Qian ZR, Baba Y, Shima K, Sun R, Nosho K, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Ogino S (October 2012). "Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival". The New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (17): 1596–606. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1207756. PMC 3532946. PMID 23094721.
  17. ^ Domingo E, Church DN, Sieber O, Ramamoorthy R, Yanagisawa Y, Johnstone E, Davidson B, Kerr DJ, Tomlinson IP, Midgley R (December 2013). "Evaluation of PIK3CA mutation as a predictor of benefit from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in colorectal cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31 (34): 4297–305. doi:10.1200/jco.2013.50.0322. PMID 24062397.[permanent dead link‍]
  18. ^ Limaye N, Kangas J, Mendola A, Godfraind C, Schlögel MJ, Helaers R, Eklund L, Boon LM, Vikkula M (December 2015). "Somatic Activating PIK3CA Mutations Cause Venous Malformation". American Journal of Human Genetics. 97 (6): 914–21. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.011. PMC 4678782. PMID 26637981.
  19. ^ Luks VL, Kamitaki N, Vivero MP, Uller W, Rab R, Bovée JV, Rialon KL, Guevara CJ, Alomari AI, Greene AK, Fishman SJ, Kozakewich HP, Maclellan RA, Mulliken JB, Rahbar R, Spencer SA, Trenor CC, Upton J, Zurakowski D, Perkins JA, Kirsh A, Bennett JT, Dobyns WB, Kurek KC, Warman ML, McCarroll SA, Murillo R (April 2015). "Lymphatic and other vascular malformative/overgrowth disorders are caused by somatic mutations in PIK3CA". The Journal of Pediatrics. 166 (4): 1048–54.e1–5. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.069. PMC 4498659. PMID 25681199.
  20. ^ Mirzaa G, Conway R, Graham JM Jr, Dobyns WB (1993-01-01). "PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum". In Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, Bean LJ, Bird TD, Fong CT, Mefford HC (eds.). PIK3CA-Related Segmental Overgrowth. University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 23946963.
  21. ^ Thirumal Kumar D, George Priya Doss C (September 2016). "Role of E542 and E545 missense mutations of PIK3CA in breast cancer: a comparative computational approach". Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics. 35 (12): 2745–2757. doi:10.1080/07391102.2016.1231082. PMID 27581627.
  22. ^ Kumar DT, Doss CG (2016-01-01). "Investigating the Inhibitory Effect of Wortmannin in the Hotspot Mutation at Codon 1047 of PIK3CA Kinase Domain: A Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Approach". Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. 102: 267–97. doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.09.008. PMID 26827608.
  23. ^ "FDA approves new treatment for adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma". US Food and Drug Administration. September 14, 2017.
  24. ^ Holinstat M, Mehta D, Kozasa T, Minshall RD, Malik AB (August 2003). "Protein kinase Calpha-induced p115RhoGEF phosphorylation signals endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (31): 28793–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303900200. PMID 12754211.
  25. ^ Zemlickova E, Dubois T, Kerai P, Clokie S, Cronshaw AD, Wakefield RI, Johannes FJ, Aitken A (August 2003). "Centaurin-alpha(1) associates with and is phosphorylated by isoforms of protein kinase C". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 307 (3): 459–65. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01187-2. PMID 12893243.
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Further reading