Ouranopithecus macedoniensis

Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
Temporal range: Miocene
"Ouranopithecus macedoniensis" skull in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris
Ouranopithecus macedoniensis skull in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Hominidae
Genus: †Ouranopithecus
Species:
†O. macedoniensis
Binomial name
†Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
Bonis & Melentis, 1977

Ouranopithecus macedoniensis is a prehistoric species of Ouranopithecus from the Late Miocene of Greece.[1] See more detail at Ouranopithecus.

This species is known from three localities in Northern Greece. The type location is Ravin de la Pluie. The other localities are Chalkidiki and Xirochori. The first specimen of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis with upper deciduous teeth is described from the Ravin de la Pluie locality in Axios Valley.[2]

It is known from a large collection of cranial fossils and few postcranial. The material has been dated to the late Miocene 9.6 – 8.7 million years old, so slightly earlier than O. turkae.[1] To some this suggests O. turkae is the direct descendant of O. macedoniensis, although it is generally accepted that they are sister taxa.[3]

Etymology

The specific epithet macedoniensis is due to the holotype fossil's discovery location in Macedonia, Greece.

Habitat

Examination of dental remains of O. macedoniensis and associated bovid species indicate a habitat of low tree cover and a rich herbaceous layer.[4]

Morphology

O. macedoniensis had a large, broad face with a prominent supraorbital torus. It also had square-shaped orbits.[5] O. macedoniensis may have had a relatively large body size. The postcranial evidence is thin, but the dentition of O. macedoniensis suggests extreme sexual dimorphism, a far higher degree than that seen in any extant great ape.[4] The ape was probably a quadruped. It is not possible to postulate on how O. macedoniensis used the trees but it seems likely that it did. O. macedoniensis's molar enamel cover was fairly thick and had low cusps. The male O. macedoniensis had large canine teeth with shearing lower premolars.[4]

Diet

Based on the heavily pitted surface of the second molar of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis, it is assumed that its diet consisted of harder foods such as nuts or tubers.[4]

Behaviour

Behaviour is very difficult to infer in species with such a small diversity of fossil remains. The large body size may have made climbing difficult in some aspects so it may have been a terrestrial forager but this is speculation within the literature.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Merceron; Blondel; De Bonis; Koufos; Viriot (2005). "A New Method of Dental Microwear Analysis: Application to Extant Primates and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Late Miocene of Greece)". PALAIOS. 20 (6): 551–561. Bibcode:2005Palai..20..551M. doi:10.2110/palo.2004.p04-17. S2CID 84921970.
  2. ^ Koufos, G. D.; Plastiras, C.-A.; David, C. N.; Sagris, D. (2023). "The Late Miocene hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Bonis, Bouvrain, Geraads & Melentis, 1974): maxillary deciduous dentition and virtual reconstruction of the unerupted permanent teeth". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 22 (33): 667–688. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a33. S2CID 265176590.
  3. ^ Güleç; Sevim; Pehlevan; Kaya (2007). "A new great ape from the late Miocene of Turkey". Anthropological Science. 115 (2): 153–158. doi:10.1537/ase.070501.
  4. ^ a b c d Schrein, Caitlin M. (2006). "Metric variation and sexual dimporphism in the dentition of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 50 (4): 460–468. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.007. PMID 16413596.
  5. ^ de Bonis, Louis; et al. (1990). "New hominoid skull material from the late Miocene of Macedonia in Northern Greece". Nature. 345 (6277): 712–4. Bibcode:1990Natur.345..712D. doi:10.1038/345712a0. PMID 2193230. S2CID 4259387.