Ots-Toch

Ots-Toch
Bornabout 1600
Canajoharie, New York
Died1646
NationalityMohawk people

Ots-Toch (1600–c. 1640) was a Mohawk woman from Canajoharie, New York. She married an early Dutch colonist, and her children became interpreters between the Mohawk nation and New Netherland.

Name

As with so much of her life, the source for this name is unknown; contemporary records of New Netherland do not mention it. The name does not appear on paper until the 1800s, causing some to suspect that it is traditional rather than historical. As a matter of convenience, it is sometimes used by people who doubt is historicity.

Personal life

Ots-Toch was born in or about 1600 near Canajoharie, New York, though according to some assessments of her life story, she was born considerably earlier.[citation needed] She married Dutch settler Cornelise Antonnisen Van Slyke and founded the Van Slyke family in New Netherland. She was married sometime around 1620 and died in 1646. Ots-Toch and Cornelise had at least 3 children who survived to adulthood and served as interpreters between the Mohawk nation and the Dutch, including Jacques Cornelius Van Slyck (Itsychosaquachka), Marten Maurice van Slyck, and Hillitie.[1]

Family

Little is known of Ots-Toch, although she is indirectly referenced in many histories of early New York. For example, her daughter, Hillitie, chose to live with the Dutch,[2] but served as an official Mohawk interpreter.[3]: 342  Ots-Toch had at least three other children with Cornelise Van Slyke, and may have had more children by a Mohawk father.[4]: 4  Cornelise Van Slyke lived with the Mohawk according to matrilineal tradition, and he was chosen as an official delegate of New Netherlands to the Mohawk.[5] Their children also became interpreters for the Mohawk.

Some variants of Ots-Toch's legend claim that her father was French, Jaques Hertel. It should be noted, however, that the fullest early record of her says that her daughter Hilletie and her son Jacques Van Slyck were "half-breeds", indicating mixed race, and there is no indication that Hilletie's staunchly anti-Christian mother was daughter of a French Catholic.[4]: 1–2  This record, from a 1680 interview with Hilletie, appears in the "Journal of Jasper Danckaerts." That journal and other records from her lifetime do not mention her name, which does not appear in accounts before the 19th century, leading some historians to question its authenticity. On the other hand, the Mohawk name of her son Jacques was documented by the Dutch during his lifetime.

Legacy

In local lore, Ots-Toch is often compared to Pocahontas, another 17th century Native American who married a European colonist. But Pocahontas eventually moved to Great Britain and converted to Christianity, whereas Ots-Toch remained with the Mohawk and is reported to have rejected European religion.[1] [6][4]: 2 

Like many of the people living in and around New Netherland, her life was scarcely documented, with not so much as a mention of her name. Most of what has been written about her is conjectural and based on oral tradition. If the name Ots-Toch is traditional rather than historical, one possible inspiration for it was the Mohawk god, Otskon (Ots-kon), who was mercurial in temperament, just as she was.


Notes

  1. ^ a b "The Mystery and Legacy of Ots-Toch". Ontario Métis Family Records Center. May 2017. Retrieved 23 Sep 2019.
  2. ^ Bielinski, Stefan. "Hilletie Van Slyck Van Olinda". People of Colonial Albany. New York State Museum. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  3. ^ Pearson, Jonathan. (1883). A history of the Schenectady Patent in Dutch and English Times; being contributions towards a History of the Lower Mohawk Valley. Albany, NY.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b c Biasca, Cynthia Brott. "Jacques Hertel and the Indian Princesses". Archived from the original on 11 January 2002. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  5. ^ Schulze, Lorine McGinnis (1997). "Cornelis Antonissen Van Slyke from Breukelen and his Mohawk wife Ots-Toch" (PDF) (in Dutch). Tijdschrift Historische Kring Breukelen. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  6. ^ "The Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-80". New York State Museum. Retrieved 23 Sep 2019.

Sources