The word oreum comes from the Jeju language. It refers to small mountains.[2] "Oreum" itself originates from the word "climb" (오르다).[3] The word is now considered to refer to Jeju's numerous small parasitic cones (측화산; 側火山; also 기생화산; 寄生火山).[1]
Description
Around 360 oreum are distributed throughout Jeju. Their formation and preservation are due in part to the high permeability of the volcanic rock.[1]
Magma erupting under pressure can solidify into scoria, which may fall and pile up around a crater to form circular and elliptical scoria cones and cinder cones. These are popularly known as oreum in Jeju Island. There are about 360 such oreum. Oreum are classified as cinder cones, lava domes, fault blocks, or cryptodomes.[4]
Oreum are considered culturally and symbolically important to Jeju. They have traditionally been associated with folk religion and ancestral worship rituals. Oreum also serve as sites of settlements (particularly at their bases), agriculture, and defense.[1]
Geomunoreum is located between Jeju City and Seogwipo, on the eastern side of the island. This oreum is considered geologically interesting because of its significant lava tube system. In June 2007, this system was made a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, as part of the item Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, because of its high academic and natural heritage value.[5][6] Tourists are able to enter some of the lava tube system, as well as hike on a trail on the oreum.[7][6]
Yongnuni Oreum is 247.8 m (813 ft) tall oreum in Gujwa, Jeju City. It is likely named for, and is said to resemble a Chinese dragon lying down.[8] The oreum is considered beautiful, with scenic views of the east coast of Jeju, including of the mountain Seongsan Ilchulbong and the island Udo. Its gentle incline makes it a popular hiking destination for families.[9][10][11]
Geum Oreum, alternatively Geomeun Oreum,[12] is located in Hallim, Jeju City. It is 427 m (1,401 ft) above sea level at its highest point. It is on privately-owned land,[13] and offers views of Hallasan and Sanbangsan, as well as paragliding from the top.[14][15][16] People can hike up to the top, where there is a marshy area inside a caldera.[17][18]
Saebyeol Oreum is located in Bongseong-ri, Aewol-eup, Jeju. Saebyeol Oreum was also called the Saebel Oreum or Saebil Oreum. It was written as Hyobyeolak (曉別岳) in the geography book Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram [ko], Hyoseongak (曉星岳) in the text T'amnajidomitchidobyŏngsŏ [ko] and Sinseongak (新星岳) in the text Jejuguyneupji (제주군읍지). There is a view that Saebel and Saebil are words in the Jeju language meaning "stars" but this is uncertain. At the southern peak, there are ridges in the southwest, northwest, and northeast directions and there are 5 dagger-shaped mountaintops that look like a star. And Saebyeol Oreum was the place where Goryeo [Korean) military under General Choi Young suppressed the Mongolian military.[19]
Darangswi Oreum
Darangswi Oreum [ko] is located in Sehwa-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju. Although it is only 382 meters above sea level, it has all of the characteristics of a volcanic terrain and is called a 'queen of oreum.[20] Darangswi (다랑쉬) is the dialect of Jeju which means the Moon. It is named Darangswi because the crater of mountain peaks looks like a full moon. There is a large, deep funnel-shaped circular crater in the mountain area. The outer circumference of this crater is about 1,500 m. It forms a long ellipse from south to north, the north is relatively flat. The depth of the crater is 115 m, which is the same as Baengrokdam on Hallasan Mountain. Most oreum are asymmetrically inclined, whereas Darangswi Oreum is arranged with concentric contour lines.[21] There is a village of Darangswi, which was abandoned due to the Jeju Uprising. In 1992, eleven of the remains of the victims were unearthed at the Darangswi cave.
Ttarabi Oreum
Ttarabi Oreum [ko] is located in Gasi-ri, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo. One of the biggest features there is 3 craters. Several large and small peaks are connected with a smooth ridge. On the horseshoe-shaped foot of the mountain, there are debris slide layers as Dunji Oreum in Gujwa-eup. It is said that it is considered to belong to a recent volcano erupted because of the debris slide.[22] It is said that the name, Ttarabi (따라비) comes from the name Ttangharabeoji (땅할아버지), which looks like a family with nearby oreum. Ttangharabeoji means grandfather for ground in English. Ttarabi Oreum is a typical autumn oreum. As well as the foot of the oreum, the surrounding mountain is a silver grass field. Back then, horses were released and raised in the great grassland.[23]
Statistics
By region
Jeju City (제주시) : 59
Seogwipo (서귀포시) : 37
North part of Jeju (북제주군) : 151 (Hallim-eup 16, Aewol-eup 50, Gujwa-eup 40, Jocheon-eup 30, Hangyeong-myeon 13, Udo-myeon 2)
South part of Jeju (남제주군) : 121 (Daejeong-eup 8, Namwon-eup 29, Seongsan-eup 22, Andeok-myeon 31, Pyoseon-myeon 31)
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