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Orange-fronted fruit dove
The orange-fronted fruit dove (Ptilinopus aurantiifrons) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. , measuring 22-23 cm in length and weighing approximately 136 g.[2] P. aurantiifrons is characterized by a dull green body, a distinctive bright orange forehead, and a gray collar encircling the neck.[2] The female displays duller coloration, and juvenile P. aurantiifrons have not been described.[2] The species is found across Papua New Guinea, with a range extending from sea level to 300m. The orange-fronted fruit dove is localized and is described as sedentary (non-migratory).[2] TaxonomyThe orange-fronted fruit doves are members of the genus Ptilinopus in the family Columbidae.[3] Birds of this genus are typified by small to medium-sized bodies and vibrant plumage.[3] The specific epithet aurantiifrons is derived from Latin aurantius, meaning 'orange' and frons, meaning 'front' or 'forehead'.[4] DescriptionThe orange-fronted fruit dove is a small/medium sized bird that ranges in length from 22-23 cm and weighs 136 grams.[2] Its body color primarily consists of a dull green, with a vibrant orange forehead. [2]It has a bright yellow beak, and a white throat and gray chest that wraps around the entire neck. [2]Pastel purple spots fill the wings and extend to the end of the fan-shaped tail.[2] The legs and feet are a bright maroon color with light grey claws.[2] Ecology and behaviorVoiceP. aurantiifrons vocalizations are described as a medium to low pitch of “hoo” followed by a seesaw (a series of alternative high and low notes).[5] Each note of the “hoo” rises in tone.[2] The seesaw pattern features six notes with the first, third, and fifth rising in pitch while the other notes descend.[2] Additionally, P. aurantiifrons produce a sequence beginning with a single low note, followed by a louder series that gradually decreases in pitch.[2] FeedingP. aurantiifrons is observed in flocks, but also forages alone or in pairs.[2] The orange-fronted fruit dove is frugivorous, consuming fruits from various plant types.[2] Moraceae (mulberry family), Combretaceae (white mangrove family), and Arecaceae (palm family) are included in the primary diet of P. aurantiifrons.[2] BreedingNesting takes place from the middle of the dry season to at least the early wet season; the breeding season is from September to April.[2] The nest is sturdier than those typical of the genus and is positioned at a height of 2.4 to 4.6 meters in trees or shrubs.[2] P. aurantiifrons lays a single white egg and does not incubate tightly.[2] Distribution and habitatThe Orange-fronted fruit doves are found in New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, woodland, savanna and urban areas.[2] It is abundant along the eastern coast of New Guinea and the D’Entrecasteaux islands.[2] Threats and protectionConservation details of this species are limited. The orange-fronted fruit dove is not considered globally threatened and is classified as Least Concern.[2] P. aurantiifrons are regarded as common and abundant locally.[2] References
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