Omphalolith

An omphalolith, also known as a umbolith, omphalith,[1] navel stone,[2] or umbilical concretion[3] is a periumbilical mass that may form due to the accumulation of sebum and keratin.[4] The colour is black or brown, and may be related to the skin type of the patient.[2] It may resemble a malignant melanoma.[5][page needed] It may be caused by poor hygiene,[6]: 121  and may form in retracted navels in obese people.[3]

Etymology

The name was derived from the Greek words omphalos (Greek: ομφαλός), meaning navel, and lithos (Greek: λίθος), meaning stone.[3]

References

  1. ^ Ichiki, Y.; Kitajima, Y. (April 17, 2009). "Omphalith". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 34 (3): 420–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02959.x. PMID 19120385. S2CID 221545259 – via PubMed.
  2. ^ a b Plewig, Gerd; Kligman, Albert M. (April 17, 2000). "Omphalolith: The Ugly Navel Stone". In Plewig, Gerd; Kligman, Albert M. (eds.). ACNE and ROSACEA. Springer. p. 553. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59715-2_72. ISBN 9783642597152 – via Springer Link.
  3. ^ a b c Mihara, Kip (November 17, 2016). "Omphalolith: An Umbilical Concretion to Recognize". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 31 (11): 1396. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3708-0. PMC 5071274. PMID 27114363.
  4. ^ Kumar, Sampath K. L.; Reddy, C. Obula; Reddy, Keertinmayee (June 17, 2011). "Omphalolith". The Indian Journal of Surgery. 73 (3): 238–239. doi:10.1007/s12262-010-0143-z. PMC 3087053. PMID 22654343.
  5. ^ Fisher, Alexander A.; Rietschel, Robert L.; Fowler, Joseph F. (1995). Fisher's Contact Dermatitis. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-683-07282-2.
  6. ^ Houghton, Andrew R.; Gray, David (2010-05-28). Chamberlain's Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine, An Introduction to Medical Diagnosis. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-1378-2.
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