Nowofarny Cemetery in Bydgoszcz

Nowofarny cemetery in Bydgoszcz
Cmentarz Nowofarny w Bydgoszczy
Main entrance gate and church of the Holy Cross
Main entrance gate and church of the Holy Cross
Map
Details
Established1906
Location
Bydgoszcz
CountryPoland
Coordinates53°08′25″N 18°00′16″E / 53.14028°N 18.00444°E / 53.14028; 18.00444
TypePublic
Owned byCity of Bydgoszcz
Size11.9 hectares (29 acres)
WebsiteParish site

The Nowofarny cemetery in Bydgoszcz is the one of the largest Roman Catholic cemeteries in this Polish city. One of its oldest area has been registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.[1]

Location

The cemetery is located in the northern part of Bydgoszcz, between the following streets: Artyleryjska, Zaświat, Powstańców Warszawy, and Skromna.

To the east, it is adjacent to the military and municipal cemetery, where stand a monument and tombstones of Red Army fallen soldiers, as well as graves of state activists from the PRL. To the north, the site borders with an Evangelical-Augsburg Cemetery, registered on the Voivodeship Heritage List.[2]

History

Nowofarny (red) and Starofarny (yellow) cemeteries on a 1908 map

Prussian period

The cemetery was founded in 1905, as the second cemetery of the Catholic parish in Bydgoszcz (then called Bromberg). It intended to be a substitute for the initial downtown cemetery, then called "Starofarny" (English: Pld parish) which had reached its full capacity.[3]

The initiators of the project were Ryszard Markwart, the Bromberg parish priest, and Władysław Gogoliński, an architect who founded with Emil Warmiński the Polish House (Polish: Dom Polski), an institution promoting Polishness during Prussian occupation. The cemetery was designed by Ernst Larass (1866–1942), who belonged to a famous family of Bydgoszcz green designers.[4]

In the central point of the cemetery, a chapel was built according to the design by Roger Sławski [pl]. The cemetery was rectangular, with a funeral chapel in its center: the 26 sections were delineated by the crossing of circular and perpendicular alleys.[4]

Until the establishment of later Catholic parish cemeteries in the 1920s, the Nowofarny cemetery served as the main urban necropolis for Catholics.

"Blessed Virgin Mary Queen of Poland"

In its center are located the graves of WWI soldiers, Greater Poland uprising insurgents (1918–1919) and Polish–Soviet War soldiers (1920).[5]

During the Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919), the house of the cemetery inspector Andrzej Sikorski was a meeting place for the Bydgoszcz Polish community and a collection point for weapons for the insurgents.[6]

Interwar period

In 1930, for the 25th anniversary of the creation of the Insurgents section of the cemetery,[5] the sculptor Jakub Job realized a monument to the Blessed Virgin Mary Queen of Poland, depicting St Mary with Child. The sculpture was restored in 2018.[7]

Furthermore, a commemorative plaque was unveiled at the same time as the statue to[8]

Cześć i hołd poległym i zmarłym żołnierzom Polski w dziesiątą rocznicę Cudu Wisły.

Królowo Korony Polskiej, módl się za nami!

"Honor and homage [to] the fallen and deceased Polish soldiers on the tenth anniversary of the Miracle of the Vistula.

Below are the words of prayer: Queen of the Polish Crown, pray for us!"

WWII years

During the German occupation, the cemetery served as a gathering beacon of Polish patriotism. Valuable works of art and books were stored in old tombs, which were returned to museum collections and private hands after the conflict.

The hostages murdered at the Old Market Square were buried in the cemetery. In their graves were placed objects or "distinguishing marks" in special boxes, thanks to which, after the war, the exhumed bodies could be identified.[5]

During the war, the administrator's house of the Nowofarny cemetery became, like in 1919-1920, a place of conspiracy of the Home Army and a shelter for the underground. In particular, the place hid Major Józef Gruss [pl] (aka "Stanisław"), the head of intelligence of the Pomeranian District of the Home Army, till his arrest in May 1944.[6]

In 1945, a municipal cemetery was established in an adjacent plot, east to Nowofarny: it comprised a military cemetery and an honorific area. In the military premises were buried nearly 1,200 Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of Bydgoszcz (January 1945) and more than 200 prisoners of war.[5] In later years, an obelisk was unveiled in honor of the fallen soldiers together with a commemorative plaque.

In the other part of the municipal graveyard, an "Alley of the Distinguished" was established. It houses the burials of deceased party activists and officials of the state administration of Polish People's Republic in Bydgoszcz.

Polish People's Republic (1945-1989)

View of the Church of the Holy Cross

After the Second World War, the land parcel to the north, belonging to the Evangelical-Augsburg Parish of Bydgoszcz, became the main urban Evangelical cemetery, due to the transformation of the large, historic cemetery on Jagiellońska Street Street into an urban park.[9]

In 1971, a new Catholic pastoral center was established, with the Nowofarny cemetery chapel as its seat. On December 1, 1979, the Parish of the Holy Cross in Bydgoszcz was created: following dragging troubles to consent on the location of the new church, it was decided to rebuild the cemetery chapel between 1982 and 1986.[10] The project led by Father Prelate Eugeniusz Barełkowski was carried out following the design of Bydgoszcz engineers Jerzy Tomaszewski (main building) and Zbigniew Lewiński (towers).

The new church was consecrated on 16 December 1990, by Father Cardinal Józef Glemp then Primate of Poland. It has an area of 970 m2 and hosts catechetical rooms and a rectory in a side edifice.[10]

Recent period

After 1989, an area was designated for the burial of civilians in the municipal cemetery. Six years later, it was integrated into the Nowofarny cemetery and transferred to the responsibility of the Bydgoszcz Cathedral Parish. The military section of Red Army soldiers, separated by a strip of greenery, is still maintained by municipal services.[8]

A renovation of the ancient tombstones of the distinguished Bydgoszcz notables started in the 1990s. The works are supported by funds collected by the Bydgoszcz community during All Souls' Day.[11] In 2018, this money additionally financed, among others, the renovation of one of a brick cemetery gate with wrought iron doors and 2 wicket gates, which were listed on the Heritage Register of monuments.[12]

The Evangelical-Augsburg Cemetery to the north has been entered into the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List of monuments in 1994, under the number A/820/1-3.[1]

Characteristics

This catholic cemetery is rectangular (330 metres (1,080 ft)×245 metres (804 ft)) and covers an area of 7.94 hectares (19.6 acres); with the municipal cemetery the ensemble extends over 11.9 hectares (29 acres). The graveyard itself is partitioned into 28 divisions. The central point of the site is occupied by the Church of the Holy Cross, from which radiates alleys.[4]

Explanatory board in the Polish–Soviet War section

The necropolis contains:

  • 76 standing tombstones, 88 graves and 6 tombstone chapels from the first half of the 20th century;
  • 2,480 standing tombstones from the second half of the 20th century.

The oldest tomb dates back to 1906.[13]

World War I Soldiers' Quarters

The section is located along Artyleryjska Street. It is lawn-laid and houses a commemorative plaque with the following: Grave of soldiers who died during World War I 1914-1918.[8]

1919-1920 wars section

This plot is located south of the Church of the Holy Cross. It comprises:[8]

Polish Army Soldiers' section (1945)

The division is located next to the grave of WWI soldiers, along Artyleryjska Street. There are 35 common graves, containing 129 soldiers who died during WWII battles in Bydgoszcz.[8]

View of the Soviet soldiers' graveyard

Soviet Army Soldiers' Quarters

The section lies in the eastern part of the cemetery, originally on the civilian municipal area, from which it is separated by a strip of greenery. In the centre of the plot stands an obelisk in honor of the fallen ones, along with a commemorative plaque with inscriptions in Polish and Russian, mentioning [8]

Eternal Glory to the Heroes of the Red Army, who died in the fight for the liberation of our city. The inhabitants of Bydgoszcz.

The division was established on 13 March 1946 and it has been receiving sepultures from various locations in the vicinity until 1947.[14]

The site houses 1,545 graves of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of Bydgoszcz and the fighting in the vicinity. The tombstones are marked with obelisks carrying a red star;[8] some of them (552) have plaques with the name and the origin of the exhumed soldier's.[14]

Municipal area

In January 1969, the municipal division was opened to bury distinguished political activists and members of the Polish United Workers' Party (Polish: Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza - PZPR).[14]

Since 1970, several dozen people have been interred here:[15]

Currently, this section has a separate entrance from Artyleryjska Street.

Famous burials

The Nowofarny Cemetery is the largest burial place of distinguished Bydgoszcz residents. It hosts the graves of social activists, patriotic fighters, Honorary Citizens of the City of Bydgoszcz, Presidents of Bydgoszcz, doctors, teachers, writers, and artists.[5]

Among all these famous people buried in the Nowofarny Cemetery, one can cite the following:[16]

Name Birth year Death year Remarks
Władysław Baranowski 1900 1972 Doctor of Medicine. After graduating from the University of Warsaw (1928), he worked at the Sanatorium in Smukała (1929–1932), then became head of the St. Florian Hospital. During World War II, he worked in Lublin. In 1945, he reorganized the Municipal Pulmonary Hospital at Seminaryjna Street and stayed at its head until 1967. Awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Smukała Dolna.
Jerzy Bartnicki 1910 1988 Journalist, writer. He worked from 1928 in the local newspapers "Dziennik Bydgoski", "Nowy Kurier" (Poznań) and in the Printing Plant Institute (Polish: Zakłady Graficzne) (Bydgoszcz). During the occupation he worked in a German knitwear company. From 1945 onwards, Jerzy was employed in various trading companies. Author of numerous feuilletons, theatre reviews, historical texts printed in the Bydgoszcz press, and historical studies about Bydgoszcz and monographs.
Witold Bełza 1886 1955 Librarian, writer, publicist and cultural activist. He was the director of the Provincial and Municipal Public Library of Bydgoszcz from 1920 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1952.
Jan Biziel 1858 1934 German and Polish physician, social activist, city councilor of Bydgoszcz. He was designated "Honorary Citizen of Bydgoszcz" in 1930.
Kazimierz Borucki [pl] 1898 1986 Insurgent in the Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919), curator and director of the Municipal Museum (1921–1939 and 1946-1965). In September 1939, he secured paintings from state, church and private collections. Fighter in the Home Army. Awarded the papal order Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and the Polish Cross of Independence, the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Cross of Merit. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon.
Józef Bronikowski [pl] 1851 1926 Hydrotechnical engineer, social and independence activist. From 1920, he was an inspector of Waterways and supervised the construction of a new section of the Bydgoszcz Canal and its locks. Awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Wilczak.
Stanisław Brzęczkowski [pl] 1897 1955 Graphic artist and typographist. Teacher at the Bydgoszcz School of Fine Arts. Organizer of the printing industry in the city. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon. A commemorative plaque has been placed on the building where he lived at 17 Gdańska Street. Awarded the Cross of Merit.
Roman Chłodziński [pl] 1909 1979 Journalist and sports reporter. Prisoner of concentration camps. Since 1958, he was the editor-in-chief of the Polish Radio station. Awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon.
Antoni Chołoniewski 1872 1924 Journalist, publicist and a national activist.
Wincenty Domisz [pl] 1929 2006 Local government activist, president of Inowrocław (1963–1973) and Bydgoszcz (1976–1982).
Waleria Drygała [pl] 1908 1969 Journalist. She worked at the Polish Radio Station from 1945 and hunted down German war criminals. She was active in charities providing assistance and care to orphans and the disadvantaged. Her name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon.
Władysław Dunarowski [pl] 1902 1987 Teacher, writer, journalist and publicist. Author of novels about life in Podhale and many short stories. He cooperated with the Polish Radio Broadcasting service. Awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the Golden Cross of Merit. His name was given to a square in the Bydgoszcz district of Błonie.
Ludwik Dybizbański [pl] 1882 1927 Theatre actor. Director of the Municipal Theatre of Bydgoszcz (1920, 1927) and artistic director of the Polish Theatre in Poznań (1921-1922).[17]
Paweł Dzionara [pl] 1879 1963 Builder of railway lines and bridges in Poland and Germany. He was a member of the Polish People's Council for the city of Bydgoszcz (1924-1928).
Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki 1876 1967 Literary and theater critic, playwright, translator, prose writer and director.
Walerian Hypszer 1883 1978 Teacher. In 1914, he started working in elementary schools in Okole, Wilczak (then suburbs of Bydgoszcz) and from April 1920 he was the head of the Catholic school in Czyżkówko, managing its expansion. After WWII, he organized the Bydgoszcz education system. His name was given to the bridge over the Brda river between Czyżkówek and Jachcice.
Hieronim Konieczka [pl] 1920 1994 Actor. He had been working at the Bydgoszcz Polish Theatre for 35 years. Awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the golden Cross of Merit. Patron of the Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz.
Felicja Krysiewicz [pl] 1897 1970 Opera singer. From 1931, she was a teacher at the Municipal Conservatory of Music and founded the Bydgoszcz Music Society. Her name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon. A bust of Felicja Krysiewicz is displayed in the lobby of the Opera Nova. Awarded the golden Cross of Merit.
Alfons Licznerski [pl] 1902 1976 Architect. In 1936, he became the head of the Municipal Urban Planning Studio. He designed the Bydgoszcz Polish Theatre. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon.
Stanisław Łabendziński 1880 1933 Doctor of Chemistry. Head of the Municipal Mathematical and Natural Sciences Gymnasium and expert in tourism issues. He organized the Bydgoszcz branch of the Polish Tourist Society. Secretary of the Committee for the Construction of the Henryk Sienkiewicz Monument. He penned the first Polish guidebook entitled "Illustrated Guide in Bydgoszcz" (Polish: Ilustrowany przewodnik po Bydgoszczy). His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Fordon.
Michał Łempicki 1856 1930 Mining engineer and entrepreneur. Ppublic and political figure, deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire for the Piotrków Governorate.
Jan Maciaszek [pl] 1876 1932 Lawyer and insurgent during the Greater Poland uprising. He was in 1919 the commissioned mayor of Bydgoszcz, taking over power from the German mayor. His name was given to a street in the Bydgoszcz district of Miedzyń.
Zygmunt Malewski [pl] 1873 1937 Polish writer, city archivist. Author of numerous publications about the history of Bydgoszcz and the cultural life of the city. Founder of the first historical and regional magazine in Bydgoszcz, "Przegląd Bydgoski". His commemorative plaque was placed on the former building of the city archives at 65 Dworcowa Street.
Adam Marcinkowski [pl] 1942 2020 Historian, academic teacher and professor of humanities. He was the first rector of the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz. Awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the golden Cross of Merit.[18]
Ryszard Markwart 1868 1906 German-Polish catholic priest and Polish national activist who served in Magdeburg, Berlin and Bydgoszcz. He strove for the construction of the Holy Trinity Church. Founder of the Nowofarny Cemetery. His name was given to a street in downtown Bydgoszcz.
Józef Milchert [pl] 1874 1930 Merchant and inventor, author of 25 patents. Founder of the Byudgoszcz Merchants' Society. Awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
Edmund Nartowicz [pl] 1928 2015 Internal medicine physician and professor of medical sciences, co-founder of the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz. From 1985 to 2000, he headed the Department and Clinic of Cardiology and Internal Medicine of the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz. Awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the golden Cross of Merit.
Konrad Pałubicki 1910 1992 Composer, musicologist, teacher and cultural activist and animator of musical life in Gdańsk and Bydgoszcz. He taught at the Academy of Music in Gdańsk and the Institute of Music Education of the Higher Pedagogical School in Bydgoszcz (today's Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz). Awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta and the golden Cross of Merit.
Władysław Piórek 1852 1926 Physician, social and national activist. He was the first person to be made Honorary Citizen of Bydgoszcz.
Tadeusz Skarbek-Malczewski [pl] 1873 1929 Priest. Dean and prelate of Pope Pius XI, he supervised the renovation the Poor Clares church. He founded the Catholic House at 1 Grodzka Street and consecrated the Garrison Church. His name was given to a street in the old town district of Bydgoszcz.
Józef Święcicki 1859 1913 Designer and builder of Bydgoszcz, under Prussian rule. A vast majority of his eclectic-style works can still be found all around the city.[19]
Jan Teska 1876 1945 Journalist, publisher of the "Dziennik Bydgoski", national activist and Polish politician from the 1900s till the end of World War II.
Roman Träger 1923 1987 Soldier and intelligence officer during the Nazi occupation of Poland. Awarded the Order of the Cross of Grunwald
Stefania Tuchołkowa 1874 1924 Journalist, writer and national activist.[20]
Marian Turwid 1905 1987 Writer, painter and cultural activist[21] in Bydgoszcz, and member of the National Committee of the National Unity Front (Polish: Front Jedności Narodu, FJN) in 1958.[22] Awarded the golden Cross of Merit, the Order of the Banner of Labour 2nd class and the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta.
  • Ryszard Markwart
    Ryszard Markwart
  • Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki
    Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki
  • Jan Biziel
    Jan Biziel
  • Chmielarski family
    Chmielarski family
  • Piórek family
    Piórek family
  • Konrad Pałubicki
    Konrad Pałubicki
  • Felicja Krysiewiczowa
    Felicja Krysiewiczowa
  • Waleria Drygałowa
    Waleria Drygałowa
  • Stanisław Łabędziński
    Stanisław Łabędziński

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nowofarny Cemetery in Bydgoszcz.

References

  1. ^ a b Zabytki w Polsce (PDF). Bydgoszcz: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa. 31 March 2017.
  2. ^ Romanowski, Mikołaj (1 November 2022). "Cmentarz Nowofarny w Bydgoszczy - tak wyglądał w dniu Wszystkich Świętych". expressbydgoski.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  3. ^ Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (8 December 2014). "cmentarz parafialny rzymskokatolicki". zabytek.pl. Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Wysocka, Agnieszka (2023). Projekt architektoniczno-krajobrazowy cmentarza Nowofarnego w Bydgoszczy i początki istnienia nekropolii (1905–1920). Kronika Bydgoska XLIV [Architectural and landscape design of the Nowofarny cemetery in Bydgoszcz and the beginnings of the necropolis (1905–1920) - Kronika Bydgoska XLIV] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy.
  5. ^ a b c d e Piechocka, Ewa (1979). O czym mówią cmentarze. Kalendarz Bydgoski [What do cemeteries talk about? Bydgoszcz Calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 146–151.
  6. ^ a b Zielazna, Jolanta (10 March 2022). "Tajemnice domku zarządcy na cmentarzu Nowofarnym w Bydgoszczy. Był schronieniem dla AK". pomorska.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  7. ^ sza (29 October 2018). "Odnowimy bramę na Nowofarnym. Kwesty na ratowanie cmentarzy". bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl. Wyborcza sp. z o.o. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Gliwiński, Eugeniusz (2000). Kwatery żołnierskie na bydgoskich cmentarzach. Kalendarz Bydgoski [Soldiers' plots in Bydgoszcz cemeteries. Bydgoszcz Calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 289–296.
  9. ^ Kuczma, Rajmund (1995). Zieleń w dawnej Bydgoszczy (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”.
  10. ^ a b Rogalski, Bogumił (1991). Architektura sakralna Bydgoszczy dawniej i dziś. Kronika Bydgoska XII [Sacral architecture of Bydgoszcz in the past and today. Kronika Bydgoszcz XII] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 51–77.
  11. ^ Gazeta Wyborcza Bydgoszcz (2 January 2009). "Cmentarz Starofarny odzyskuje blask". wek.pl. Wek. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  12. ^ Antczak, Łukasz (1 November 2018). "Sikorski i Bruski z puszkami. VIP-y kwestują na renowację cmentarzy". bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl. wyborcza Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  13. ^ Wieszok, Wojciech (31 October 2008). "Kwesta na Starofarnym i Nowofarnym". pomorska.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 21 September 2024.
  14. ^ a b c Kuczma, Rajmund (1993). Mała encyklopedia Bydgoszczy – część hasła "C". Kalendarz Bydgoski [Small Encyclopedia of Bydgoszcz - part of the entry "C". Bydgoszcz Calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 58–60.
  15. ^ "Tu czas już dawno się zatrzymał" [Time has stopped here a long time ago]. Express Bydgoski (in Polish). Bydgoszcz. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
  16. ^ "Kwesta na Starofarnym i Nowofarnym". pomorska.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o.o. 31 October 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  17. ^ Gąsiorowski, Antoni; Topolski, Jerzy (1981). Wielkopolski Słownik Biograficzny [Greater Poland Biographical Dictionary] (in Polish). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 165. ISBN 83-01-02722-3.
  18. ^ Szczygielska-Jakubowska, Agata (10 December 2020). "Społeczność akademicka pożegnała pierwszego rektora UKW w Bydgoszczy". bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl. Wyborcza Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  19. ^ Zielazna, Jolanta (29 December 2016). "Józef Święcicki i Bydgoszcz, w której zostawił ślad". plus.pomorska.pl. pomorska.pl. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  20. ^ Błażejewski, Krzysztof (23 August 2020). "25 najbardziej znanych i najpopularniejszych bydgoszczanek w ostatnich 100 latach". expressbydgoski.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  21. ^ Nowaczyk, Roman (2011). Turwid Marian. Wrzesiński słownik biograficzny. Wyd. II poprawione i rozszerzone. Września: Wydawnictwo Kropka Jolanta i Waldemar Śliwczyńscy. pp. 287–288. ISBN 9788389494405.
  22. ^ Trybuna Robotnicza, No. 4 (4350). Katowice: Śląskie Wydawnictwo Prasowe RSW "Prasa". 7 January 1958. p. 2.

Bibliography

  • (in Polish) Zbigniew, Woźniak (1996). Bydgoskie cmentarze. Bydgoska Gospodarka Komunalna [Bydgoszcz cemeteries. Bydgoszcz Municipal Economy]. Bydgoszcz: Instytut Wydawniczy „Świadectwo”. pp. 87–88. ISBN 83-85860-37-1.
  • (in Polish) Grzybowski, Przemysław (1993). Cmentarz Starofarny i jego rola w świetle historii pozostałych cmentarzy bydgoskich. Kronika Bydgoska XIII [The Starofarny Cemetery and its role in the light of the history of other cemeteries in Bydgoszcz. Kronika Bydgoska XIII] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. ISBN 83-85860-37-1.
  • (in Polish) Piechocka, Ewa (1979). O czym mówią cmentarze. Kalendarz Bydgoski [What do cemeteries talk about. Bydgoszcz Calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 146–151.
  • (in Polish) Gliwiński, Eugeniusz (2000). Kwatery żołnierskie na bydgoskich cmentarzach. Kalendarz Bydgoski [Soldiers' plots in Bydgoszcz cemeteries. Bydgoszcz Calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 289–296.