North American Eagle Project

The land speed record attempt vehicle
For the Boy Scouts of America activity, see Eagle Scout Service Project.

The North American Eagle Project was a jet powered car that was intended to challenge the 763 mph (1,228 km/h) (Mach 1.02) land speed record set by the ThrustSSC in 1997. The venture was a collaboration between Canadian and US engineers, pilots, and mechanics. In 2013, they had hoped to reach 800 mph (1,287 km/h), or Mach 1.058.[1]

In a land speed record attempt on August 27, 2019, the North American Eagle crashed, killing driver Jessi Combs. During the run, Combs did set a new world land-speed record for a woman, at 522.783 mph (841.338 km/h).[2][3] Since the crash, the project has been abandoned.[4]

Description

The vehicle was based on the fuselage of a Lockheed F-104A-10 Starfighter jet fighter aircraft, tail number 56-0763,[5] The aircraft was built for the United States Air Force and assigned to the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base from August 29, 1957 until 1970 when it was retired. Initially the aircraft was used as a GE test platform for the J79 engine. It was later used as a chase plane for the North American X-15, Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird and North American XB-70 Valkyrie test programs. It was flown by Joe Walker, Scott Crossfield,[6] Pete Knight, Bill Dana, Chuck Yeager, Joe Engle and Bob Gilliland among other notable pilots. North American Eagle has designed[clarification needed] road suspension and has carried out the necessary systems integration for it. The vehicle was 56 feet (17.1 m) long and weighed 13,000 pounds (5,900 kg).[7]

Powerplant

The engine was a General Electric LM1500 turbojet (a civilian variation of the aircraft's original J79). A stock engine for low speed testing is rated at 42,500 hp (31.7 MW). The vehicle had an enhanced engine for record attempts, rated at 52,000 hp (52,700 metric horsepower). At idle the stock engine consumes 40 US gallons (151 L; 33 imp gal) of fuel per minute, rising to 80 US gallons (303 L; 67 imp gal) per minute at 100% military power and 90 US gallons (341 L; 75 imp gal) per minute in afterburner mode.[citation needed]

Braking systems

As of 2014, four methods were in use to decelerate the vehicle. It had high-speed air brakes which were original equipment on the F-104, high-speed drogue parachutes to be deployed at 700 mph (1,100 km/h), and low-speed drogue parachutes for deployment below 350 mph (560 km/h). The vehicle also had an anti-skid neodymium rare-earth magnet eddy-current brake.[8] The vehicle failing to stop has been suggested as a factor in the crash of the North American Eagle in an August 2019 land-speed record run.[9]

Runs

Fourteen engine test runs were conducted on a test stand, the first in June 2004, with the last two using full afterburner. In December 2004, the first test runs of the vehicle were performed. A total of 23 test runs were completed with the vehicle between March 2006 and June 2008. Speeds as high as 400 miles per hour (640 km/h) were claimed but not verified by outside official automobile speed record authorities. Testing in the US was conducted at Sanderson Field in Shelton, Washington; Toledo Airport in southwest Washington state; Edwards AFB, California; El Mirage Dry Lake, California; and Black Rock Desert, Nevada.[10]

On October 9, 2013, Jessi Combs drove the North American Eagle (NaE) Supersonic Speed Challenger at the Alvord desert, claiming the women's 4-wheel land speed record with an official run of 398.954 mph (632 km/h) and a top speed of 440.709 mph (709 km/h).[11] In doing so, she broke the 48-year-old women's land speed record, a 308.506 mph (496.492 km/h) run average set by Lee Breedlove in Spirit of America - Sonic 1 in 1965.[12] On September 7, 2016, Combs set a new top speed of 477.59 mph (768.61 km/h) driving the Other[clarification needed] American Eagle.[citation needed]

Fatal crash

On August 27, 2019, the North American Eagle crashed during a land speed record attempt, killing driver Jessi Combs.[2][13] Reports indicate that the car failed to stop and traveled beyond the edge of the lake bed.[9]

Investigation into the cause of the crash was reported in November 2019. The investigation revealed that the front wheel assembly of the car collapsed, likely due to collision damage from hitting something on the track.[14][clarification needed]

In late June 2020, the Guinness Book of Records reclassified the August 27, 2019 speed runs as meeting its requirements, and Combs was credited with the record at 522.783 mph (841.338 km/h), noting she was the first in nearly 46 years to break the record, surpassing the record set by Kitty O'Neil in December 1973.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ "How Stuff Works". 3 May 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  2. ^ a b "'Fastest Woman On Four Wheels' Jessi Combs Killed In Jet-Car Crash". Jalopnik. Gizmodo Media Group. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. ^ a b American jet-car racer and Mythbusters host Jessi Combs posthumously awarded world land-speed record for a woman, ABC/AP, 2020-06-25
  4. ^ "North American Eagle updated their profile picture". Facebook. 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2021-11-10. we are done with the project.
  5. ^ "Aviation Data". Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  6. ^ "Crossfield flies 56-0763". Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  7. ^ "Vehicle Information". North American Eagle. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  8. ^ "How the North American Eagle Work (no. 2)". 3 May 2007. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
  9. ^ a b "Jessi Combs' Jet-Car Crashed After Failing To Stop, Traveling Beyond Edge Of Lake Bed". 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  10. ^ "Geomagic". Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  11. ^ Fastest woman on four wheels crowned after 440mph record run Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine – MSN Cars UK, October 13, 2013
  12. ^ "Jessi Combs breaks 48-year old land speed record". Gizmag.com. October 15, 2013. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  13. ^ "Jessi Combs : Video of land-speed record attempt... Led To Fatal Crash". 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-09-16. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  14. ^ "Jessi Combs death investigation: Cause of 550-mph crash in Alvord Desert determined". Retrieved 11 November 2019.