Nolanea

Nolanea
Nolanea verna, Ukraine
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Entolomataceae
Genus: Entoloma
Subgenus: Nolanea
(Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Type species
Nolanea pascua
(Pers.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Synonyms
  • Agaricus trib. Nolanea Fr. (1821)

Nolanea is a subgenus of fungi in the order Agaricales.[1][2] Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid, mostly mycenoid (like species of Mycena) with slender stems.[3] All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. Recent DNA evidence has shown that at least 87 species belong to the subgenus Nolanea which has a worldwide distribution.[3]

Taxonomy

The taxon Nolanea was introduced in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries as a "tribe" of Agaricus comprising slender agarics with bell-shaped caps, hollow stems, and pink spores.[4] In 1871 German mycologist Paul Kummer raised the tribe to genus level.[5] The name was used by many subsequent mycologists,[6][7][8] but others have preferred to use the name Entoloma sensu lato for all fungi with pink, angular spores, retaining Nolanea as a subgenus.[9]

Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Nolanea, as previously defined, is paraphyletic (an artificial grouping).[10] By excluding some species and adding others, however, Nolanea has been redefined as a monophyletic (natural) grouping.[11][3] In this new sense, Nolanea has been treated either as a subgenus[3] or as a separate genus.[11]

The redefined Nolanea excludes Entoloma rhombisporum and related species, Entoloma ameides and related species, and cuboid-spored species now placed in Entoloma subgenus Cubospora.[3]

An interesting taxonomic characteristic used to identify Nolanea fructufragaans Largent and Theirs is its distinctive odor. Sporocarp collected in coastal California redwood forest have a candy-store like or a “tooty-fruity” odor. Chemical analysis show anisole and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene as being responsible for this taxonomic characteristic of field collections. [12]

References

  1. ^ "Index Fungorum - Names Record". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Loading..." www.mycobank.org. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Reschke K, Morozova OV, Dima B, Cooper JA, Corriol G, Biketova AY, Piepenbring M, Noordeloos ME (2022). "Phylogeny, taxonomy, and character evolution in Entoloma subgenus Nolanea" (PDF). Persoonia. 49: 136–170. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.04.
  4. ^ Fries EM. (1821). Systema Mycologicum (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lundin, Sweden: Ex Officina Berlingiana. pp. 10, 207.
  5. ^ Kummer, Paul (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde : Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze : mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen. Zerbst: Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung. pp. 94–97.
  6. ^ Orton PD (1991). "A revised list of British species of Entoloma sensu lato". The Mycologist. 5 (3): 123–138. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80307-8.
  7. ^ Orton PD (1991). "A revised list of British species of Entoloma sensu lato (part 2)". The Mycologist. 5 (4): 172–176. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80478-3.
  8. ^ Largent DL (1994). Entolomatoid fungi of the Western United States and Alaska. Berkeley, USA: Mad River Press. ISBN 978-0916422813.
  9. ^ Noordeloos ME (1992). Fungi Europaei:Entoloma sensu lato. Saronno, Italy: Giovanna Biella. p. 760.
  10. ^ Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME (2009). "Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae" (PDF). Persoonia. 23: 147–76. doi:10.3767/003158509X480944. PMC 2802732. PMID 20198166.
  11. ^ a b Karstedt F, Bergemann SE, Capelari M (2020). "Five Nolanea spp. nov. from Brazil" (PDF). Mycotaxon. 135 (3): 589–612. doi:10.5248/135.589.
  12. ^ Largent, David L.; Bradshaw, Debra E.; Wood, William F. (1990). "The Candy-like Odor of Noleana fructufragrans". Mycologia. 82: 786–787. doi:10.1080/00275514.1990.12025962.