Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

This is a list of nationwide public opinion polls that were conducted relating to the general election for the 2024 United States presidential election. Those named in the polls were declared candidates or had received media speculation about their possible candidacy.

Polling aggregation

The following head-to-head polls feature some of the individuals who officially declared their candidacies. The incumbent president, Joe Biden, won the Democratic primaries. On July 21, 2024, Biden withdrew from the presidential campaign and endorsed his vice president, Kamala Harris, who shortly thereafter became the official nominee of the Democratic Party.

Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

  • Source of poll
    aggregation
    Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    [a]
    Margin
    270toWin[1] through November 4, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.4% 47.2% 4.4% Harris +1.2%
    538[2] through November 4, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.0% 46.8% 5.2% Harris +1.2%
    Cook Political Report[3] through November 4, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.7% 47.8% 3.5% Harris +0.9%
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill[4] through November 5, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.4% 48.4% 3.2% Tie
    Silver Bulletin[5] through November 4, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.6% 47.6% 3.8% Harris +1.0%
    Real Clear Politics[6] through November 5, 2024 November 5, 2024 48.7% 48.6% 2.7% Harris +0.1%
    Average 48.5% 47.7% 3.8% Harris +0.8%

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver vs. Cornel West

    Source of poll
    aggregation
    Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.
    [b]
    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Chase
    Oliver

    Libertarian
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    [a]
    Margin
    Race to the WH[7] through November 3, 2024 November 4, 2024 47.8% 47.1% 1.3% 0.8% 0.9% 0.6% 1.5% Harris +0.7%
    270toWin[1] through November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 47.5% 46.9% 1.2% 1.2% 0.7% 0.4% 2.1% Harris +0.6%
    Average 47.7% 47.0% 1.3% 1.0% 0.8% 0.5% 1.7% Harris +0.7%

    National poll results

    National poll results among declared candidates.

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump

    2024

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Lead
    Zogby[8] November 2–3, 2024 1,005 (LV) ± 3.2% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Research Co.[9] November 2–3, 2024 1,003 (LV) ± 3.1% 48% 46% 6% 2%
    Reuters/Ipsos[10] November 1–3, 2024 973 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    TIPP[11] November 1–3, 2024 1,411 (LV) ± 2.7% 48% 48% 4%
    Patriot Polling[12] November 1–3, 2024 1115 (RV) 49% 48% 3% 1%
    AtlasIntel[13] November 1–2, 2024 2,463 (LV) ± 2.0% 48% 50% 2% 2%
    Marist Poll[14] October 31 – November 2, 2024 1,297 (LV) ± 3.5% 51% 47% 2% 4%
    HarrisX/Forbes[15] October 31 – November 2, 2024 3,759 (LV) 51% 49% 2%
    NBC News[16] October 30 – November 2, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 49% 49% 2%
    Emerson College[17] October 30 – November 2, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 49% 2%
    ActiVote[18] October 27 – November 2, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 50% 1%
    ABC News[19] October 29 – November 1, 2024 2,267 (LV) ± 2.0% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Kaplan Strategies[20] October 31, 2024 671 (RV) ± 3.8% 47% 48% 5% 1%
    AtlasIntel[21] October 30–31, 2024 3,490 (LV) ± 2% 48% 50% 1% 2%
    Morning Consult[22] October 29–31, 2024 8,918 (LV) ± 1.0% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    Echelon Insights[23] October 28–31, 2024 1,328 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    TIPP[24] October 28–30, 2024 1,265 (LV) ± 2.7% 48% 48% 4%
    American Pulse Research & Polling[25] October 28–30, 2024 822 (LV) ± 2.8% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    RABA Research[26] October 29, 2024 781 (LV) ± 3.5% 48% 44% 8% 4%
    HarrisX/Forbes[27] October 27–29, 2024 3,718 (LV) 51% 49% 2%
    TIPP[28] October 27–29, 2024 1,302 (LV) ± 2.7% 48% 47% 5% 1%
    YouGov/The Economist[29] October 26–29, 2024 1,310 (LV) ± 3.4% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    AtlasIntel[30] October 25–29, 2024 3,032 (LV) ± 2% 48% 50% 1% 2%
    TIPP[31] October 26–28, 2024 1,291 (LV) ± 2.7% 48% 47% 5% 1%
    Rasmussen Reports[32] October 24–28, 2024 2,369 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 48% 5% 2%
    Morning Consult[33] October 25–27, 2024 8,807 (LV) ± 1.0% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    Noble Predictive Insights[34] October 23–27, 2024 707 (LV) ± 3.7% 49% 46% 4% 3%
    Cygnal[35] October 24–26, 2024 1,507 (LV) ± 2.5% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    CBS News/YouGov[36] October 23–25, 2024 2,154 (LV) ± 2.6% 50% 49% 1% 1%
    TIPP[37] October 23–25, 2024 1,333 (LV) ± 2.7% 48% 48% 4%
    YouGov/Cooperative Election Study[38] October 1–25, 2024 48,732 (LV) 51% 47% 4%
    Emerson College[39] October 23–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 49% 2%
    Rasmussen Reports[40] October 21–24, 2024 2,745 (LV) ± 2.0% 48% 47% 5% 1%
    TIPP[41] October 22–24, 2024 1,357 (LV) ± 2.7% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    ActiVote[42] October 19–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 50% 50%
    TIPP[43] October 21–23, 2024 1,260 (LV) ± 2.8% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    NYTimes/Siena College[44] October 20–23, 2024 2,516 (LV) ± 2.2% 48% 48% 4%
    CNN[45] October 20-23, 2024 1,704 (LV) ± 3.1% 47% 47% 6%
    Big Village[46] October 18–23, 2024 1,592 (LV) ± 2.0% 52% 45% 3% 7%
    Clarity Campaign Labs[47] October 17–23, 2024 1,314 (LV) ± 1.5% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    ABC News[48] October 18–22, 2024 1,913 (LV) ± 2.5% 51% 47% 2% 4%
    HarrisX/Forbes[49] October 21–22, 2024 1,244 (LV) ± 2.5% 49% 51% 2%
    TIPP[50] October 20–22, 2024 1,294 (LV) ± 2.8% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    YouGov/The Economist[51] October 19–22, 2024 1,293 (LV) ± 3.2% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Wall Street Journal[52] October 19–22, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 46% 49% 5% 3%
    Rasmussen Reports[53] October 17–22, 2024 1,855 (LV) ± 1.0% 46% 49% 5% 3%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[54] October 21, 2024 1,161 (LV) 45% 47% 6% 2%
    TIPP[55] October 19–21, 2024 1,268 (LV) ± 2.8% 48% 48% 1%
    YouGov[56] October 18–21, 2024 1,189 (LV) ± 3.2% 48% 45% 7% 3%
    Reuters/Ipsos[57] October 16–21, 2024 3,307 (LV) ± 2.0% 48% 45% 7% 3%
    Morning Consult[33] October 18–20, 2024 8,570 (LV) ± 1.0% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    TIPP[58] October 18–20, 2024 1,244 (LV) ± 2.8% 47% 48% 1% 1%
    CNBC[59] October 15–19, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 46% 48% 6% 2%
    Suffolk University[60] October 14–18, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 50% 49% 1% 1%
    AtlasIntel[61] October 12–17, 2024 4,180 (LV) ± 2% 48% 51% 1% 3%
    ActiVote[62] October 9–17, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 51% 2%
    Emerson College[63] October 14–16, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 48% 3% 1%
    Rasmussen Reports[64] October 13–16, 2024 2,108 (LV) ± 2.0% 48% 48% 4%
    TIPP[65] October 13–15, 2024 1,248 (LV) ± 2.8% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    YouGov/The Economist[66] October 12–15, 2024 1,230 (LV) ± 2.8% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[67] October 10–15, 2024 2,049 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 48% 6% 1%
    Fox News[68] October 11–14, 2024 1,110 (RV) ± 3% 48% 50% 2%
    FDU[69] October 8–14, 2024 806 (RV) ± 3.5% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    Morning Consult[22] October 11–13, 2024 8,647 (LV) ± 1.0% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    Harvard/Harris[70] October 11–13, 2024 3,145 (RV) ± 1.8% 51% 49% 2%
    CBS News[71] October 8–11, 2024 2,719 (LV) ± 2.3% 51% 48% 3% 3%
    Marist Poll[72] October 8–10, 2024 1,401 (LV) ± 3.9% 52% 47% 1% 5%
    RMG Research[73] October 7–10, 2024 2,995 (LV) ± 1.8% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    Co/efficient[74] October 6–8, 2024 2,180 (LV) ± 3.4% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    ABC News[75] October 4–8, 2024 1,714 (LV) ± 2.5% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    NBC News[76] October 4–8, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 48% 48% 4%
    ActiVote[77] October 3–8, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 51% 2%
    Morning Consult[22] October 4–6, 2024 11,353 (LV) ± 1.0% 51% 46% 3% 5%
    Research Co.[78] October 4–6, 2024 1,001 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 45% 5% 4%
    Pew Research Center[79] September 30 – October 6, 2024 (RV) ± ? 48% 47% 5% 1%
    NYTimes/Siena College[80] September 29 – October 6, 2024 3,385 (LV) ± 2.4% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    I&I/TIPP[81] October 2–4, 2024 997 (LV) ± 3.2% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Big Village[82] October 2–4, 2024 755 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    Yahoo News[83] October 2–4, 2024 1,714 (A) ± 2.9% 48% 46% 6% 2%
    Data for Progress[84] October 2–3, 2024 1,211 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    RMG Research[85] September 30 – October 3, 2024 2,965 (LV) ± 1.8% 49% 49% 2%
    Rasmussen Reports[86] September 26 – October 2, 2024 1,762 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 49% 5% 2%
    ActiVote[87] September 25 – October 2, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 51% 49% 2%
    Emerson College[88] September 29 – October 1, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    YouGov/The Economist[89] September 29 – October 1, 2024 1,261 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Marist College[90] September 27 – October 1, 2024 1,294 (LV) ± 3.7% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    Susquehanna[91] September 23 – October 1, 2024 1,001 (LV) ± 3.2% 49% 44% 5% 5%
    Morning Consult[22] September 27–29, 2024 11,381 (LV) ± 1% 51% 46% 3% 5%
    Léger[92] September 27–29, 2024 851 (LV) ± 3.1% 51% 47% 2% 4%
    Outward Intelligence[93] September 22–26, 2024 1,735 (LV) ± 2.3% 53% 47% 6%
    Echelon Insights[94] September 23–25, 2024 1,005 (LV) ± 3.7% 52% 45% 3% 7%
    Big Village[95] September 23–25, 2024 1,524 (LV) ± 3.7% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[96] September 22–25, 2024 1,820 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 48% 6% 2%
    YouGov/The Economist[97] September 21–24, 2024 1,220 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Clarity Campaign Labs[98] September 19–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 1.8% 51% 44% 5% 7%
    Reuters/Ipsos[99] September 21–23, 2024 785 (LV) ± 4.0% 50% 44% 6% 6%
    Morning Consult[22] September 20–22, 2024 11,057 (LV) ± 1% 50% 45% 5% 5%
    Quinnipiac[100] September 19–22, 2024 1,728 (LV) ± 2.4% 47% 48% 4% 1%
    CNN[101] September 19–22, 2024 2,074 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 47% 4% 1%
    YouGov/CBS News[102] September 18–20, 2024 3,129 (RV) ± 2.2% 52% 48% 4%
    RMG Research[103] September 16–19, 2024 2,969 (LV) ± 1.8% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    Outward Intelligence[104] September 15–19, 2024 1,880 (LV) ± 2.3% 53% 47% 6%
    Rasmussen Reports[105] September 12–18, 2024 1,855 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 49% 5% 2%
    Florida Atlantic University[106] September 16–17, 2024 810 (LV) ± 3.4% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    YouGov/The Economist[107] September 15–17, 2024 1,445 (RV) ± 3.2% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    NBC News[108] September 13–17, 2024 1000 (RV) ± 3.1% 49% 44% 7% 5%
    ActiVote[109] September 11–17, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 53% 47% 6%
    Fox News[110] September 13–16, 2024 1,102 (RV) ± 3% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    Angus Reid[111] September 13–16, 2024 1,707 (RV) ± 2% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[112] September 11–16, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 43% 42% 15% 1%
    NYTimes/Siena College[113] September 11–16, 2024 2,437 (LV) ± 3.8% 47% 47% 6%
    Morning Consult[22][114] September 13–15, 2024 11,022 (LV) ± 1% 51% 45% 4% 6%
    Big Village[115] September 11–15, 2024 1,568 (LV) ± 3.1% 51% 43% 6% 8%
    Monmouth University[116] September 11–15, 2024 803 (RV) ± 3.9% 49% 44% 7% 5%
    Data for Progress (D)[117] September 12–13, 2024 1,283 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    ABC News[118] September 11–13, 2024 2,196 (LV) ± 2.0% 52% 46% 2% 6%
    I&I/TIPP[81] September 11–13, 2024 1,721 (RV) ± 2.6% 47% 43% 10% 4%
    Yahoo News[119] September 11–13, 2024 49% 45% 6% 4%
    HarrisX/Forbes[120] September 11–13, 2024 3,018 (RV) ± 1.8% 48% 45% 8% 3%
    Reuters/Ipsos[121] September 11–12, 2024 1,405 (RV) ± 3.0% 47% 42% 11% 5%
    Atlas Intel[122] September 11–12, 2024 1,775 (LV) ± 2% 48% 51% 1% 3%
    Morning Consult[123] September 11, 2024 3,204 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 45% 5% 5%
    Léger[124] September 10–11, 2024 1,174 (LV) ± 2.7% 50% 47% 3% 3%
    RMG Research[125] September 9–12, 2024 2,756 (LV) ± 1.9% 51% 47% 2% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[126] September 8–11, 2024 2,390 (LV) ± 3% 47% 49% 2% 2%
    Big Village[127] September 6–8, 2024 1,546 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    Morning Consult[22] September 4–8, 2024 10,608 (LV) ± 1.0% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    New York Times/Siena College[128] September 3–6, 2024 1,695 (LV) ± 3% 47% 48% 5% 1%
    Harvard/Harris[129] September 4–5, 2024 2,358 (RV) ± 2.1% 50% 50%
    RMG Research[130] September 3–5, 2024 2,701 (LV) ± 1.9% 50% 48% 2% 2%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[131] September 3–5, 2024 1,413 (LV) ± 3.3% 49% 48% 1% 1%
    Outward Intelligence[132] September 1–5, 2024 1,890 (LV) ± 2.3% 52% 48% 4%
    Emerson College[133] September 3–4, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    Morning Consult[22] September 2–4, 2024 11,414 (RV) ± 1.0% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Rasmussen Reports[134] August 29 – September 4, 2024 1,893 (LV) ± 3% 46% 47% 3% 1%
    Pew Research Center[135] August 26 – September 2, 2024 9,720 (A) ± 1.3% 49% 49% 2%
    I&I/TIPP[136] August 28–30, 2024 1,386 (RV) ± 2.8% 48% 45% 7% 3%
    Outward Intelligence[137] August 25–29, 2024 2,191 (LV) ± 2.1% 53% 47% 6%
    RMG Research[138] August 26–28, 2024 2,441 (LV) ± 2.0% 51% 48% 1% 3%
    Suffolk University/USA TODAY[139] August 25–28, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 48% 43% 9% 5%
    Rasmussen Reports[140] August 25–28, 2024 1,879 (LV) ± 2% 46% 48% 3% 2%
    Wall Street Journal[141] August 24–28, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 48% 47% 5% 1%
    Clarity Campaign Labs[142] August 23–28, 2024 1,238 (LV) ± 1.62% 51% 45% 4% 6%
    ABC News[143] August 23–27, 2024 ± 2.0% 52% 46% 2% 6%
    Quinnipiac[144] August 23–27, 2024 1,611 (LV) ± 2.4% 49% 48% 3% 1%
    August 23, 2024 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suspends his campaign, endorses Trump
    YouGov/Yahoo[145] August 22–26, 2024 1,197 (RV) ± 3.0% 47% 46% 3% 1%
    Echelon Insights[146] August 23–25, 2024 1,031 (LV) ± 3.6% 48% 49% 3% 1%
    Florida Atlantic University[147] August 23–25, 2024 929 (RV) ± 3.2% 47% 43% 4% 4%
    Leger[148] August 23–25, 2024 863 (LV) ± 3.05% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    Morning Consult[22] August 23–25, 2024 7,818 (RV) ± 1.0% 48% 44% 8% 4%
    Kaplan Strategies[149] August 24, 2024 1,190 (LV) ± 2.8% 52% 45% 3% 7%
    ActiVote[150] August 15–23, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 53% 47% 6%
    Rasmussen Reports[151] August 18–21, 2024 1,893 (LV) ± 3% 46% 49% 2% 3%
    FDU[152] August 17–20, 2024 801 (RV) ± 3.5% 50% 43% 7% 7%
    CBS News[153] August 14–16, 2024 3,253 (LV) ± 2.1% 51% 48% 1% 3%
    Outward Intelligence[154] August 11–15, 2024 1,858 (LV) ± 2.3% 53% 47% 6%
    Emerson College[155] August 12–14, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 50% 46% 4% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[156] August 11–14, 2024 1,885 (LV) ± 2% 45% 49% 3% 4%
    ActiVote[157] August 7–14, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 52% 48% 4%
    ABC News/The Washington Post[158] August 9–13, 2024 1,975 (RV) ± 2.5% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    Fox News[159] August 9–12, 2024 1,105 (RV) ± 3% 49% 50% 1%
    Morning Consult[22] August 9–11, 2024 11,778 (RV) ± 1.0% 47% 44% 9% 3%
    Quantus Polls and News[160] August 7–8, 2024 1,000 (RV) 47% 46% 7% 1%
    Rasmussen Reports[161] August 4–7, 2024 1,794 (LV) ± 2% 44% 49% 3% 5%
    Ipsos/Reuters[162] August 2–7, 2024 2,045 (A) ± 3.0% 42% 37% 21% 5%
    ActiVote[163] July 30 – August 6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 50% 50%
    August 6, 2024 Harris selects Governor Tim Walz as her running mate
    SurveyUSA[164] August 2–4, 2024 1,510 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 45% 7% 3%
    Morning Consult[22] August 2–4, 2024 11,265 (RV) ± 1.0% 48% 44% 8% 4%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[165] August 1–4, 2024 1,513 (RV) ± 3.4% 51% 48% 1% 3%
    CNBC[166] July 31 – August 4, 2024 1,001 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 48% 2%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[167] July 31 – August 2, 2024 1,326 (RV) ± 2.9% 46% 45% 6% 1%
    CBS News/YouGov[168] July 30 – August 2, 2024 3,102 (RV) ± 2.1% 50% 49% 1% 1%
    Marquette Law[169] July 24 – August 1, 2024 683 (LV) ± 4.7% 53% 47% 6%
    Rasmussen Reports[170] July 28–31, 2024 2,163 (LV) ± 2% 44% 49% 4% 5%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos[171] July 27–30, 2024 1,123 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 45% 6% 4%
    ActiVote[172] July 24–29, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 51% 2%
    McLaughlin & Associates[173] July 23–29, 2024 1,000 (LV) 45% 47% 8% 2%
    Leger[174] July 26–28, 2024 776 (LV) ± 3.1% 49% 46% 5% 3%
    Morning Consult[22] July 26–28, 2024 11,538 (RV) ± 1.0% 47% 46% 7% 1%
    Reuters/Ipsos[175] July 26–28, 2024 876 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 42% 15% 1%
    Harvard/Harris[176] July 26–28, 2024 2,196 (RV) ± 2.1% 45% 48% 7% 3%
    FAU/Mainstreet Research[177] July 26–27, 2024 952 (LV) ± 3.1% 48% 46% 6% 2%
    Angus Reid Global[178] July 23–25, 2024 1,743 (RV) ± 2.0% 44% 42% 14%[d] 2%
    Wall Street Journal[179] July 25, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 47% 49% 2%
    AtlasIntel[180] July 23–25, 2024 1,980 (RV) ± 2% 48% 50% 2% 2%
    Forbes/HarrisX[181] July 22–25, 2024 3,013 (RV) ± 1.8% 45% 47% 9% 2%
    New York Times/Siena College[182] July 22–24, 2024 1,141 (LV) ± 3.3% 47% 48% 5% 1%
    CNBC[183] July 22–24, 2024 2,137 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13% 1%
    Morning Consult[22] July 22–24, 2024 11,297 (RV) ± 1.0% 46% 45% 9% 1%
    Rasmussen Reports[184] July 22–24, 2024 1,074 (LV) ± 3% 43% 50% 7% 7%
    CNN/SSRS[185] July 22–23, 2024 1,631 (RV) ± 3% 46% 49% 3%
    Reuters/Ipsos[186] July 22–23, 2024 1,018 (RV) ± 3.3% 44% 42% 14% 2%
    ActiVote[187] July 21–23, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49.5% 50.5% 1%
    Morning Consult[188] July 21–22, 2024 4,001 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 47% 8% 2%
    July 21, 2024 Joe Biden announces his withdrawal, endorses Harris; Harris declares her candidacy
    North Star Opinion/American Greatness[189] July 20–23, 2024 600 (LV) 45% 47% 9% 2%
    Yahoo News[190] July 19–22, 2024 1,743 (A) ± 2.8% 46% 46% 8%
    MainStreet Research[191] July 19–21, 2024 780 (IVR) ± 3.5% 44% 49% 3% 5%
    Echelon Insights[192] July 19–21, 2024 982 (LV) ± 3.8% 47% 49% 4% 2%
    Forbes/HarrisX[193] July 19–21, 2024 2,753 (RV) ± 1.9% 47% 53% 0% 6%
    CBS News[194] July 16–18, 2024 2,247 (RV) ± 2.7% 48% 51% 1% 3%
    Reuters/Ipsos[195] July 15–16, 2024 992 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 44% 12%
    July 15, 2024 Trump selects Senator JD Vance as his running mate
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 50% 49% 1% 1%
    Fox News[197] July 7–10, 2024 1,210 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 49% 3% 1%
    NBC News[198] July 7–9, 2024 800 (RV) ± 3.46% 45% 47% 8% 2%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos[199] July 5–9, 2024 2,041 (RV) ± 2.0% 49% 47% 4% 2%
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 43% 49% 8% 6%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[201] July 2–6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 42% 41% 17%[e] 1%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[202] July 1–3, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 38% 49% 14% 11%
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 42% 43% 15% 1%
    Yahoo News/YouGov[204] June 28 – July 1, 2024 1,176 (RV) ± 2.9% 45% 47% 9% 2%
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 47% 53% 6%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 45% 47% 8% 2%
    McLaughlin & Associates[207] June 18–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) 42% 47% 11% 5%

    2023

    2022

    2021

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    AtlasIntel[13] November 1–2, 2024 2,463 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 49% 0.3% 1% 2%[f]
    AtlasIntel[21] October 30–31, 2024 3,490 (LV) ± 2% 47% 49% 1% 2%
    AtlasIntel[30] October 25–29, 2024 3,032 (LV) ± 2% 47% 50% 0.3% 1% 2%
    AtlasIntel[61] October 12–17, 2024 4,180 (LV) ± 2% 48% 51% 0.1% 1% 1%
    Harvard/Harris[285] October 11–13, 2024 3,145 (RV) ± 1.8% 49% 48% 2% 1%
    NBC News[286] October 4–8, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 47% 2% 0% 1% 4%
    Quinnipiac[287] September 19–22, 2024 1,728 (LV) ± 2.4% 47% 48% 1% 1% 1%
    AtlasIntel[122] September 11–12, 2024 1,775 (LV) ± 2% 47.3% 50.9% 0.2% 0.4% 1.1%
    Harvard/Harris[129] September 4–5, 2024 2,358 (RV) ± 2.1% 46% 46% 1% 1% 6%
    August 23, 2024 Kennedy suspends his campaign.
    Outward Intelligence[154] August 11–15, 2024 1,858 (LV) ± 2.3% 49% 43% 6.6% 0.5% 0.8%
    Emerson College[155] August 12–14, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 48% 44% 4% 0% 1% 3%
    The Economist/YouGov[288] August 11–13, 2024 1,407 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 44% 3% 0% 1% 6%
    Fox News[159] August 9–12, 2024 1,105 (RV) ± 3% 45% 45% 6% 1% 1%
    JL Partners[289] August 7–11, 2024 1,001 (LV) ± 3.1% 41% 43% 5% 1% 1% 9%
    The Economist/YouGov[290] August 4–6, 2024 1,410 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 43% 2% 0% 1% 7%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[165] August 1–4, 2024 1,513 (RV) ± 3.4% 48% 45% 5% 1% 1%
    CBS News/YouGov[291] July 30 – August 2, 2024 3,102 (RV) ± 2.1% 49% 47% 2% 0% 0% 2%
    The Economist/YouGov[292] July 27–30, 2024 1,430 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 44% 3% 0% 0% 6%
    McLaughlin & Associates[173] July 23–29, 2024 1,000 (LV) N/A 41% 42% 8% 1% 1% 7%
    Leger[293] July 26–28, 2024 786 (LV) ± 3.1% 48% 41% 5% 1% 1% 3%
    Harvard/Harris[176] July 26–28, 2024 2,196 (RV) ± 2.1% 42% 45% 7% 1% 1% 4%
    AtlasIntel[294] July 23–25, 2024 1,980 (RV) ± 2% 46.1% 47.7% 4.5% 0.2% 1.5%
    Wall Street Journal[295] July 23–25, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 44% 4% 1% 1% 5%
    New York Times/Siena College[182] July 22–24, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 44% 43% 5% 1% 0% 7%
    Big Village[296] July 22–24, 2024 1,492 (LV) ± 3% 42.7% 44.3% 5.6% 1.1% 1.4% 4.3%
    The Economist/YouGov[297] July 21–23, 2024 1,605 (RV) ± 3.3% 41% 44% 5% 1% 1% 5%
    NPR/PBS[298] July 22, 2024 1,309 (A) ± 3.2% 42% 42% 7% 1% 1% 7%
    July 21, 2024 Harris declares her candidacy.
    The Economist/YouGov[299] July 7–9, 2024 1,443 (RV) ± 3.1% 38% 42% 5% 1% 2% 13%
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 38% 43% 16% 2% 2%

    Hypothetical polling

    Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    The following nationwide polls feature Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is an independent candidate who suspended his campaign and endorsed Donald Trump.

    Hypothetical polling with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Kamala Harris vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Source of poll
    aggregation
    Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    [a]
    Margin
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through August 23, 2024 August 24, 2024 49.0% 43.9% 2.7% 4.4% Harris +5.1%
    538 through August 22, 2024 August 23, 2024 47.3% 43.6% 4.6% 4.5% Harris +3.7%
    Silver Bulletin through August 23, 2024 August 23, 2024 48.0% 43.7% 3.9% 4.4% Harris +4.3%
    Average 48.1% 43.7% 3.7% 4.4% Harris +4.4%
    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    August 23, 2024 Kennedy suspends his campaign.
    RMG Research[300] August 12–14, 2024 2,708 (LV) ± 1.9% 47% 49% 2% 4%
    Pew Research[301] August 5–11, 2024 9,201 (A) ± 1.3% 46% 45% 7% 2%
    Rasmussen Reports[161] August 4–7, 2024 1,794 (LV) ± 2% 44% 49% 3% 2%
    ActiVote[163] July 30 – August 6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 45.0% 44.4% 10.5%
    RMG Research[302] July 29–31, 2024 3,000 (RV) 47% 42% 6% 5%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[303] July 29, 2024 1,750 (LV) ± 3.0% 45% 43% 5% 4%
    Harvard/Harris[176] July 26–28, 2024 2,196 (RV) ± 2.1% 42% 45% 8% 5%
    ActiVote[172] July 24–29, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 44.3% 45.5% 10.3%
    Forbes/HarrisX[181] July 22–25, 2024 3,013 (RV) ± 1.8% 42% 43% 9% 6%
    RMG Research[304] July 22–23, 2024 2,000 (RV) 46% 48% 6%
    Reuters/Ipsos[186] July 22–23, 2024 1,241 (A) ± 3.0% 42% 38% 8% 12%
    July 21, 2024 Harris declares her candidacy.
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 40% 43% 17%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

    The following nationwide polls feature Joe Biden, who was the presumptive nominee for the Democratic party before he withdrew from the race and endorsed Kamala Harris.

    Hypothetical polling with Joe Biden and Donald Trump

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump

    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump and Biden conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race.
    Source of poll
    aggregation
    Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    [a]
    Margin
    RealClearPolitics June 28 – July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 44.8% 47.9% 7.3% Trump +3.1%
    Race to the WH through July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 44.1% 46.2% 9.7% Trump +2.1%
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 43.3% 46.6% 10.1% Trump +3.3%
    Average 44.1% 46.9% 9.0% Trump +2.8%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Local regression of two-way polling between Trump, Biden and Kennedy conducted up to the 2024 United States presidential election (excludes others and undecided). The dashed line marks Biden's withdrawal from the race.
    Source of poll
    aggregation
    Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    [a]
    Margin
    Decision Desk HQ/The Hill through July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 38.6% 42.6% 8.7% 10.1% Trump +4.0%
    538 through July 21, 2024 July 21, 2024 40.2% 43.5% 8.7% 7.6% Trump +3.3%
    Average 39.4% 43.05% 8.7% 8.85% Trump +3.65%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Dates
    administered
    Dates
    updated
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    Margin
    RealClearPolitics through July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 39.2% 43.4% 8.7% 1.6% 1.9% 5.2% Trump +4.2%
    Race to the WH through July 23, 2024 July 23, 2024 39.7% 42.6% 8.8% 1.6% 1.4% 5.9% Trump +2.9%
    Average 39.45% 43.0% 8.8% 1.6% 1.7% 5.6% Trump +3.55%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2024)

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    Reuters/Ipsos[305] July 15–16, 2024 992 (RV) ± 3.0% 41% 43% 14%
    Morning Consult[306] July 15, 2024 2,045 (RV) ± 1.0% 45% 46% 9%
    Forbes/HarrisX[307] July 13–15, 2024 1,918 (RV) ± 2.2% 49% 51%
    July 13, 2024 Trump suffers an assassination attempt in Pennsylvania.
    Activote[308] July 7–15, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 49.5% 50.5%
    Survey USA[309] July 12–15, 2024 1,098 (LV) ± 3.2% 43% 44% 13%
    The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights[310] July 8–11, 2024 2,300 (LV) ± 2.1% 43% 46% 12%
    Rasmussen Reports[311] July 7–11, 2024 1,847 (LV) ± 2.0% 43% 49% 8%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 50% 48% 2%
    Fox News[197] July 7–10, 2024 1,210 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 49% 3%
    NBC News[198] July 7–9, 2024 800 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 45% 12%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos[199] July 5–9, 2024 2,041 (RV) ± 2.0% 46% 46% 8%
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 43% 46% 11%
    Morning Consult[22] July 5–7, 2024 11,323 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 44% 14%
    Pew Research Center[312] July 1–7, 2024 7,729 (RV) 47% 50% 3%
    Lord Ashcroft[313] June 28 – July 7, 2024 4,347 (LV) 44% 42% 14%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[201] July 2–6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 42% 43% 15%[g]
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[202] July 1–3, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 42% 47% 11%
    Cygnal (R)[314] July 1–2, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 43% 48% 9%
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (RV) ± 3.5% 40% 40% 20%
    Wall Street Journal[315] June 29 – July 2, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 42% 48% 10%
    CBS News/YouGov[316] June 28 – July 2, 2024 2,815 (LV) ± 2.3% 48% 50% 2%
    New York Times/Siena College[317] June 28 – July 2, 2024 1,532 (LV) ± 2.3% 43% 49% 7%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov[318] June 28 – July 1, 2024 1,176 (RV) ± 2.9% 43% 45% 12%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[319] June 29–30, 2024 869 (LV) 44% 46% 11%
    Harvard/Harris[320] June 28–30, 2024 2,090 (RV) 48% 52%
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 48% 52%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 49% 8%
    Morning Consult[321] June 28, 2024 2,068 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 44% 11%
    Data for Progress (D)[322] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 45% 48% 13%
    SurveyUSA[323] June 28, 2024 2,315 (LV) ± 2.5% 43% 45% 13%
    Leger/New York Post[324] June 27–28, 2024 841 (LV) ± 3.09% 38% 45% 17%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[325] June 26–28, 2024 1,244 (RV) ± 2.8% 43% 41% 16%
    June 27, 2024 The presidential debate between Biden and Trump is hosted by CNN in Atlanta.
    New York Times/Siena College[326] June 20–25, 2024 1,226 (LV) ± 3.5% 44% 48% 8%
    Leger/New York Post[327] June 22–24, 2024 815 (LV) ± 3.01% 45% 43% 12%
    Quinnipiac University[328] June 20–24, 2024 1,405 (RV) ± 2.6% 45% 49% 6%
    McLaughlin & Associates[207] June 18–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) 44% 46% 10%
    Morning Consult[22] June 21–23, 2024 10,159 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 44% 12%
    CBS News/YouGov[329] June 17–21, 2024 1,878 (LV) 49% 50%
    ActiVote[330] June 5–21, 2024 2,029 (LV) ± 2.2% 48% 52%
    Rasmussen Reports[331] June 20, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 49% 11%
    Fox News[332] June 14–17, 2024 1,095 (RV) ± 3.0% 50% 48% 2%
    Morning Consult[22] June 14–16, 2024 10,132 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    Echelon Insights[333] June 10–12, 2024 1,013 (LV) ± 3.7% 48% 47% 5%
    NPR/PBS[334] June 10–12, 2024 1,184 (RV) ± 3.8% 49% 49%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] June 10–11, 2024 930 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 41% 20%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos[336] June 8–11, 2024 1,140 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 45% 10%
    Morning Consult[22] June 7–9, 2024 10,260 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    CBS News/YouGov[337] June 5–7, 2024 1,359 (LV) 49% 50% 1%
    Cygnal (R)[338] June 4–6, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 44.5% 46.5% 9%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov[339] June 3–6, 2024 1,239 (RV) ± 2.8% 46% 44% 10%
    Emerson College[340] June 4–5, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 50% 50%
    ActiVote[341] May 23 – June 4, 2024 1,671 (LV) ± 2.4% 48% 52%
    Navigator Research[342] May 23 – June 3, 2024 812 (LV) ± 2.8% 48% 44% 8%
    Morning Consult[343] May 31, 2024 2,200 (RV) 45% 44% 11%
    Survey Monkey/The 19th[344] May 30–31, 2024 5,893 (A) ± 1.5% 30% 34% 36%
    Reuters/Ipsos[345] May 30–31, 2024 2,135 (RV) ± 2.1% 41% 39% 20%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[346] May 29–31, 2024 1,675 (RV) ± 2.5% 41% 41% 19%
    Leger/The Canadian Press[347] May 24–26, 2024 883 (LV) ± 3.09% 42% 43% 15%
    NPR/PBS[348] May 21–23, 2024 1,122 (RV) ± 3.7% 50% 48% 2%
    McLaughlin & Associates[349][B] May 21–23, 2024 1,000 (LV) 44% 46% 10%
    Emerson College[350] May 21–23, 2024 1,100 (RV) ± 2.9% 50% 50%
    ActiVote[351] May 6–21, 2024 1,081 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 51%
    Quinnipiac University[352] May 16–20, 2024 1,374 (RV) ± 2.6% 48% 47% 5%
    Harvard-Harris[353] May 15–16, 2024 1,660 (RV) ± 2.0% 47% 53%
    Cygnal (R)[354] May 14–16, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 45% 46% 9%
    Echelon Insights[355] May 13–16, 2024 1,023 (LV) ± 3.7% 46% 49% 6%
    Marquette Law University[356] May 6–15, 2024 911 (RV) 50% 50%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] May 7–14, 2024 3,208 (RV) ± 2.0% 46% 46% 8%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov[357] May 10–13, 2024 1,198 (RV) ± 2.7% 45% 45% 10%
    Fox News[358] May 10–13, 2024 1,126 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 49% 2%
    Ipsos[359] May 7–13, 2024 1,730 (RV) ± 2.2% 48% 48% 4%
    RMG Research[360] May 6–9, 2024 2,000 (LV) 44% 42% 14%
    Morning Consult[22] May 3–5, 2024 9,918 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 44% 13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[361] May 1–3, 2024 1,264 (RV) ± 2.8% 42% 40% 18%
    Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo[362] May 1–2, 2024 1,240 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 46% 6%
    KFF[363] April 23 – May 1, 2024 1,243 (RV) ± 4.0% 46% 45% 9%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] April 29–30, 2024 856 (RV) ± 3.0% 40% 39% 21%
    ABC News[364] April 25–30, 2024 2,260 (RV) ± 2.0% 46% 45% 9%
    ActiVote[365] April 13–30, 2024 953 (LV) ± 3.2% 47% 53%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[366] April 26–28, 2024 851 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 46% 7%
    Leger/The Canadian Press[367] April 26–28, 2024 887 (LV) ± 3.09% 42% 43% 16%
    Morning Consult[22] April 26–28, 2024 10,109 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 43% 14%
    HarrisX/Harris[368] April 24–25, 2024 1,961 (RV) ± 2.0% 48% 52%
    NPR/PBS[369] April 22–25, 2024 1,109 (RV) ± 3.7% 50% 48% 2%
    CNN/SSRS[370] April 18–23, 2024 967 (RV) ± 3.4% 43% 49% 8%
    Quinnipiac University[371] April 18–22, 2024 1,429 (RV) ± 2.6% 46% 46% 8%
    Morning Consult[22] April 19–21, 2024 9,791 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    John Zogby Strategies[372][C] April 14–21, 2024 23,683 (LV) ± 0.6% 45.7% 46.1% 8.2%
    University of North Florida[373] April 8–20, 2024 745 (LV) ± 4.2% 45% 47% 9%
    Marist College[374] April 16–18, 2024 1,047 (RV) ± 3.6% 51% 48% 1%
    Emerson College[375] April 16–17, 2024 1,308 (RV) ± 2.6% 43% 46% 11%
    Morning Consult[22] April 15–17, 2024 7,990 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 42% 16%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos[376] April 13–16, 2024 1,161 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 45% 11%
    NBC News[377] April 12–16, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 46% 10%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov[378] April 11–15, 2024 1,171 (RV) ± 2.6% 44% 44% 12%
    Echelon Insights[379] April 12–14, 2024 1,020 (LV) ± 3.9% 49% 46% 5%
    New York Times/Siena College[380] April 7–11, 2024 1,059 (LV) ± 3.9% 46% 47% 7%
    ActiVote[381] March 24 – April 10, 2024 995 (LV) ± 3.1% 47% 53%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] April 3–8, 2024 833 (RV) ± 4.0% 41% 37% 22%
    Morning Consult[22] April 5–7, 2024 6,236 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 44% 13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[382] April 3–5, 2024 1,265 (RV) ± 2.8% 43% 40% 17%
    RMG Research[383] April 1–4, 2024 1,679 (LV) ± 2.4% 44% 43% 13%
    Emerson College[384] April 2–3, 2024 1,438 (RV) ± 2.5% 45% 46% 8%
    Rasmussen Reports[385] March 31 – April 2, 2024 1,099 (LV) ± 3.0% 41% 49% 10%
    Morning Consult[22] March 29–31, 2024 6,018 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 42% 14%
    Data for Progress (D)[386] March 27–29, 2024 1,200 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 46% 7%
    NPR/PBS[387] March 25–28, 2024 1,199 (RV) ± 3.7% 50% 48% 2%
    Marquette Law School[388] March 18–28, 2024 674 (LV) ± 4.9% 52% 48%
    Forbes/HarrisX[389] March 25, 2024 1,010 (RV) ± 3.1% 50% 50%
    Fox News[390] March 22–25, 2024 1,094 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 50% 5%
    Quinnipiac University[391] March 21–25, 2024 1,407 (RV) 48% 45% 7%
    Morning Consult[22] March 22–24, 2024 5,833 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    ActiVote[392] March 8–22, 2024 1,001 (LV) ± 3.1% 47% 53%
    HarrisX/Harris[393] March 20–21, 2024 2,111 (RV) 49% 51%
    The Economist/YouGov[394] March 16–19, 2024 1,509 (RV) ± 3.4% 44% 43% 13%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[395] March 15–17, 2024 941 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 45% 8%
    Morning Consult[22] March 15–17, 2024 5,777 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 43% 14%
    Grinnell College[396] March 11–17, 2024 715 (LV) ± 3.7% 38% 45% 17%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[397] March 11–15, 2024 2,510 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 46% 9%
    McLaughlin & Associates[398] March 9–14, 2024 1,000 (LV) 34% 38% 27%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[399][D] March 12–13, 2024 837 (RV) ± 3.4% 46% 45% 9%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] March 7–13, 2024 3,356 (RV) ± 4.0% 50% 48% 2%
    The Economist/YouGov[400] March 10–12, 2024 1,367 (RV) ± 3.5% 42% 44% 14%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos[401] March 9–12, 2024 1,324 (RV) ± 2.8% 45% 44% 11%
    Yahoo! News/YouGov[402] March 8–11, 2024 1,482 (A) ± 2.8% 44% 46% 10%
    Forbes/HarrisX[403] March 8–10, 2024 2,017 (RV) ± 2.2% 48% 52%
    Morning Consult[22] March 8–10, 2024 6,300 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 44% 13%
    Emerson College[404] March 5–6, 2024 1,350 (RV) ± 2.6% 51% 49%
    Morning Consult[22] March 1–3, 2024 6,334 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[405] February 28 – March 1, 2024 1,246 (RV) ± 2.8% 43% 42% 15%
    The Economist/YouGov[406] February 25–27, 2024 1,498 (RV) ± 3.2% 44% 44% 12%
    The Economist/YouGov[407] February 18–20, 2024 1,360 (RV) ± 3.1% 42% 43% 15%
    Quinnipiac University[408] February 15–19, 2024 1,421 (RV) ± 2.6% 49% 45% 6%
    Marquette University[409] February 5–15, 2024 787 (RV) ± 4.4% 49% 51%
    Emerson College[410] February 13–14, 2024 1,225 (RV) ± 2.7% 44% 45% 11%
    The Economist/YouGov[411] February 11–13, 2024 1,470 (RV) ± 3.1% 44% 44% 12%
    Reuters/Ipsos[412] February 9–12, 2024 1,237 (A) ± 2.9% 34% 37% 29%
    YouGov[413] February 6–9, 2024 1,000 (A) ± 4.0% 44% 45% 10%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[414] February 2–3, 2024 917 (LV) 41% 44% 15%[h]
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[415] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,266 (RV) ± 2.8% 41% 43% 16%
    NPR/PBS[416] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,441 (RV) ± 3.6% 48% 47% 5%
    SurveyUSA[417] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,048 (LV) ± 3.7% 44% 49% 7%
    The Economist/YouGov[418] January 28–30, 2024 1,486 (RV) ± 2.9% 43% 42% 15%
    Civiqs/Daily Kos[419] January 27–30, 2024 1,217 (RV) ± 2.9% 44% 44% 12%
    Emerson College[420] January 26–29, 2024 1,260 (RV) ± 2.7% 45% 46% 9%
    Quinnipiac University[421] January 25–29, 2024 1,650 (RV) ± 2.4% 50% 44% 6%
    Harvard-Harris[422] January 17–18, 2024 3,492 (RV) 47% 53%
    The Messenger/HarrisX[423] January 16–17, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 52%
    The Economist/YouGov[424] January 14–16, 2024 1,472 (RV) ± 2.8% 44% 43% 13%
    CBS News[425] January 10–12, 2024 1,906 (LV) ± 3.1% 48% 50% 2%
    Rasmussen Reports[426] January 7–9, 2024 968 (LV) ± 3.0% 41% 49% 10%
    Reuters/Ipsos[427] January 3–9, 2024 4,677 (A) ± 1.5% 48% 48% 4%
    Morning Consult[22] January 5–8, 2024 6,376 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Ipsos/With Honor PAC[428] January 3–7, 2024 2,027 (V) ± 2.45% 32% 34% 34%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[429] January 3–5, 2024 1,247 (RV) ± 2.8% 40% 41% 19%
    Noble Predictive Insights[430] January 2–4, 2024 2,573 (RV) ± 2.0% 40% 44% 16%
    The Economist/YouGov[431] December 29, 2023 – January 2, 2024 1,343 (RV) ± 3.2% 44% 44% 12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2023)

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    ActiVote[432] December 13–19, 2023 841 (LV) ± 3.4% 46% 54%
    McLaughlin & Associates[208] December 13–19, 2023 1,000 (LV) 44% 47%[i] 10%
    The Economist/YouGov[433] December 16–18, 2023 1,336 (RV) ± 3.2% 43% 43% 14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[434] December 14–18, 2023 1,027 (RV) 44% 44% 12%
    Quinnipiac University[435] December 14–18, 2023 1,647 (RV) ± 2.4% 47% 46% 6%
    Echelon Insights[436] December 12–16, 2023 1,012 (LV) ± 4.1% 48% 47% 5%
    New York Times/Siena College[437] December 10–14, 2023 1,016 (LV) ± 3.7% 47% 45% 8%
    New York Times/Siena College[438] December 10–14, 2023 1,016 (RV) ± 3.5% 44% 46% 9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[439] December 10–13, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 50% 4%[j]
    The Economist/YouGov Poll[440] December 9–12, 2023 1,332 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 43% 14%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC[441] December 8–12, 2023 1,002 (A) ± 3.1% 42% 48% 10%
    Clarity Campaign Labs[442] December 7–10, 2023 1,052 (RV) ± 1.81% 45% 45% 10%[k]
    Rasmussen Reports[443] December 6–10, 2023 892 (LV) ± 3.0% 38% 48% 14%[l]
    Cygnal (R)[444] December 5–7, 2023 2,000 (LV) ± 2.16% 47% 46% 7%
    Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour[445] December 4–7, 2023 1,129 (RV) ± 3.7% 49% 48% 3%
    Emerson College[446] December 4–6, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3% 43.2% 47.4% 9.4%
    SSRS/CNN[447] November 29 – December 6, 2023 1,197 (RV) ± 3.4% 40% 50% 10%[m]
    The Economist/YouGov Poll[448] December 2–5, 2023 1,291 (RV) ± 3.1% 42% 41% 17%
    HarrisX[449] November 22–28, 2023 4,003 (RV) ± 1.6% 42% 46% 13%
    YouGov[450] November 20–27, 2023 1,000 (A) ± 4.1% 39% 37% 24%
    Leger[451] November 24–26, 2023 869 (RV) ± 3.1% 44% 42% 14%
    Morning Consult[22] November 24–26, 2023 6,527 (RV) ± 1% 43% 42% 16%
    Emerson College[452] November 17–20, 2023 1,475 (RV) ± 2.5% 43% 47% 10%
    Harris X/The Messenger[453] November 15–19, 2023 3,017 (RV) ± 1.8% 40% 47% 13%
    Echelon Insights[454] November 14–17, 2023 1,006 (LV) ± 4.1% 46% 47% 8%
    Reuters/Ipsos[427] November 13–14, 2023 1,006 (A) ± 3.8% 33% 35% 32%
    YouGov/The Economist[455] November 11–14, 2023 1,272 (RV) ± 3.1% 42% 43% 15%
    NBC News[456] November 10–14, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 44% 46% 10%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 50% 4%
    YouGov/Yahoo! News[457] November 9–13, 2023 1,058 (RV) ± 2.8% 42% 44% 14%
    Quinnipiac University[458] November 9–13, 2023 1,574 (RV) ± 2.5% 46% 48% 6%
    Morning Consult[459] November 10–12, 2023 6,130 (RV) ± 1% 42% 43% 15%
    Rasmussen Reports (R)[460] November 8–12, 2023 987 (LV) ± 3.0% 46% 42% 12%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[461] November 1–3, 2023 1,242 (RV) ± 2.8% 43% 41% 16%
    CBS News/YouGov[462] October 30 – November 3, 2023 2,636 (A) ± 2.6% 48% 51% 1%
    SSRS/CNN[463] October 27 – November 2, 2023 1,271 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 49% 6%
    HarrisX/The Messenger[464] October 30 – November 1, 2023 2,021 (RV) ± 2.2% 43% 45% 12%
    YouGov/The Economist[465] October 28–31, 2023 1,500 (A) ± 3.1% 39% 38% 23%
    American Pulse Research & Polling[466] October 27–30, 2023 568 (LV) ± 4.1% 42% 43.5% 14.5%
    Quinnipiac[467] October 26–30, 2023 1,610 (RV) ± 2.4% 47% 46% 7%
    Morning Consult[468] October 20–22, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1% 43% 43% 15%
    USA Today/Suffolk University[469] October 17–20, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 41% 41% 18%
    Harvard Harris[470] October 18–19, 2023 2,116 (RV) ± 2% 41% 46% 14%
    Emerson College[471] October 16–17, 2023 1,578 (RV) ± 2.4% 45% 47% 8%
    Yahoo/YouGov[472] October 12–16, 2023 1,120 (RV) 44% 43% 13%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC[473] October 11–15, 2023 1,001 (A) ± 3.1% 42% 46% 12%
    Grinnell College[474] October 10–15, 2023 784 (LV) ± 3.5% 40% 40% 20%
    NPR/PBS/Marist College[475] October 11, 2023 1,218 (RV) ± 3.9% 49% 46% 5%
    Fox News[476] October 6–9, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 48% 2%
    SurveyUSA[477] September 30 – October 3, 2023 2,330 (LV) ± 2.4% 43% 43% 14%
    Echelon Insights[478] September 25–28, 2023 1,011 (LV) ± 4.0% 43% 46% 11%
    YouGov/The Economist[479] September 23–26, 2023 1,500 (RV) ± 3.3% 45% 40% 15%
    Marquette University[480] September 18–25, 2023 781 (RV) ± 4.4% 48% 51%
    Morning Consult[481] September 22–24, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 14%
    NBC News[482] September 15–19, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 46% 6%
    Harvard/Harris[210][E] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 40% 44% 16%
    The Economist/YouGov[483] September 10–12, 2023 1,500 (A) ± 3.3% 44% 43% 12%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 48% 1%
    Morning Consult[481] September 2–4, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 41% 15%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 46% 47% 7%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[486] August 17–21, 2023 1,113 ± 2.7% 47% 41% 12%
    Morning Consult[481] August 18–20, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    Marist College[487] August 11–14, 2023 1,100 (RV) ± 3.7% 47% 46% 7%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[488] July 31 – August 3, 2023 2,500 (RV) ± 2.4% 44% 41% 15%
    Big Village[489] July 24–26, 2023 1,663 (RV) ± 2.2% 44% 44% 12%
    Quinnipiac University[490] July 13–17, 2023 1,809 (RV) ± 2.3% 49% 44% 7%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[491] July 13–17, 2023 1,098 ± 2.7% 47% 43% 10%
    Marquette University[492] July 7–12, 2023 788 (RV) ± 4.2% 50% 50%
    Morning Consult[493] July 7–9, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 43% 13%
    HarrisX/The Messenger[494] July 5–6, 2023 915 (RV) ± 3.2% 44% 44% 12%
    Morning Consult[493] June 23–25, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 41% 44% 15%
    HarrisX/The Messenger[495] June 19–23, 2023 2,875 (RV) ± 1.8% 43% 45% 12%
    Emerson College[496] June 19–20, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 43% 13%
    NBC News[497] June 16–20, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 49% 45% 6%
    Quinnipiac University[498] June 8–12, 2023 1,735 (RV) ± 2.4% 48% 44% 8%
    Morning Consult[499] June 9–11, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 42% 16%
    YouGov[500] May 25–30, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 2.7% 48% 41% 11%
    Echelon Insights[501] May 22–25, 2023 1,035 (LV) 46% 44% 10%
    Quinnipiac University[502] May 18–22, 2023 1,616 (RV) 48% 46% 6%
    Harvard/Harris[211] May 17–18, 2023 2,004 (RV) 40% 47% 13%
    Marquette University[503] May 8–18, 2023 791 (RV) ± 4.1% 47% 52%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[212] May 17, 2023 1,117 (LV) 44% 43% 13%
    YouGov/The Economist[504] May 13–16, 2023 1,302 (RV) ± 2.8% 42% 44% 14%
    Premise[505] May 12–15, 2023 1,591 (RV) 41% 44% 15%
    Morning Consult[506] May 12–14, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 41% 15%
    WPA Intelligence[507] May 10–13, 2023 1,571 (RV) ± 2.5% 47% 40% 13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[508] May 5–8, 2023 1,060 (RV) ± 2.7% 45% 43% 12%
    Morning Consult[506] May 5–7, 2023 6,000 (RV) 44% 42% 14%
    ABC News/The Washington Post[509] April 28 – May 5, 2023 900 (RV) ± 4.0% 39% 45% 16%
    YouGov/The Economist[510] April 29 – May 2, 2023 1,357 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 46% 8%
    Emerson College[511] April 24–25, 2023 1,100 (RV) 43% 41% 16%
    Morning Consult[506] April 21–23, 2023 6,000 (RV) 43% 42% 15%
    Cygnal (R)[512] April 18–20, 2023 2,500 (LV) ± 1.94% 46% 45% 9%
    Harvard/Harris[213] April 18–19, 2023 1,845 (RV) 40% 45% 15%
    YouGov/The Economist[513] April 15–18, 2023 1,316 (RV) 43% 44% 13%
    Premise[514] April 14–17, 2023 1,485 (RV) 42% 44% 14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[515] April 14–17, 2023 1,027 (RV) 46% 42% 12%
    Morning Consult[506] April 14–16, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 40% 17%
    YouGov/The Economist[516] April 8–11, 2023 1,322 (RV) ± 2.9% 43% 44% 13%
    Morning Consult[506] April 7–9, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[214] April 4, 2023 1,180 (LV) 44% 43% 13%
    YouGov[517] April 1–4, 2023 1,319 (RV) ± 3.0% 42% 44% 14%
    Premise[518] March 31 – April 3, 2023 1,562 (RV) 44% 43% 13%
    Rasmussen Reports[519] March 30 – April 3, 2023 971 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 47% 13%
    Morning Consult[506] March 31 – April 2, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 41% 17%
    McLaughlin & Associates (R)[520][F] March 31 – April 1, 2023 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 43% 47% 10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[521] March 30–31, 2023 729 (RV) ± 3.3% 45% 43% 12%
    Echelon Insights[522] March 27–29, 2023 1,007 (LV) ± 3.8% 47% 44% 9%
    Cygnal (R)[523] March 26–27, 2023 2,550 (LV) ± 1.9% 47% 45% 8%
    Quinnipiac University[524] March 23–27, 2023 1,600 (RV) ± 2.5% 48% 46% 6%
    Morning Consult[506] March 24–26, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[215] March 22–23, 2023 2,905 (RV) 41% 45% 14%
    Marquette University[525] March 12–22, 2023 863 (RV) ± 4.0% 38% 38% 24%
    Premise[526] March 16–21, 2023 1,509 (RV) 41% 47% 12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[216] March 20, 2023 1,250 (LV) 44% 44% 12%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[527] March 16–20, 2023 1,059 (RV) ± 2.7% 45% 43% 12%
    McLaughlin & Associates[217] March 16–20, 2023 1,000 (LV) 43% 48% 9%
    Morning Consult[506] March 17–19, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 41% 15%
    Quinnipiac University[528] March 9–13, 2023 1,635 (RV) ± 2.4% 49% 45% 6%
    Morning Consult[506] March 10–12, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Wick Insights[529] March 6–9, 2023 1,125 (LV) 45% 43% 12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[530] March 7–8, 2023 1,201 (LV) 44% 44% 12%
    Premise[531] March 4–7, 2023 1,621 (RV) 44% 45% 11%
    Morning Consult[506] March 3–5, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 43% 15%
    Cygnal (R)[532] February 24–27, 2023 2,424 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 45% 8%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[218] February 23–27, 2023 1,014 (RV) ± 2.7% 43% 45% 12%
    Susquehanna[533] February 19–26, 2023 800 (RV) 52% 39%
    Emerson College[534] February 24–25, 2023 1,060 (RV) ± 2.9% 42% 46% 12%
    Morning Consult[506] February 23–25, 2023 6,000 (RV) 43% 41% 16%
    Echelon Insights[535] February 21–23, 2023 1,023 (LV) 47% 44% 9%
    McLaughlin & Associates[219] February 17–23, 2023 1,000 (LV) 44% 48% 8%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[220] February 19, 2023 1,102 (LV) 43% 42% 15%
    Morning Consult[506] February 17–19, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 41% 17%
    Premise[536] February 16–19, 2023 1,717 (RV) 44% 42% 14%
    Morning Consult[537] February 16–19, 2023 2,000 (RV) ± 1.5% 42% 41% 17%
    Harvard/Harris[221] February 15–16, 2023 1,838 (RV) 41% 46% 13%
    Quinnipac University[538] February 9–14, 2023 1,429 (RV) ± 2.6% 48% 46% 6%
    Ipsos/Reuters[539] February 6–13, 2023 915 (RV) ± 4.0% 39% 42% 19%
    Morning Consult[506] February 10–12, 2023 6,000 (RV) 43% 41% 16%
    Rasmussen Reports[222] February 8–12, 2023 900 (LV) ± 3.0% 45% 42% 13%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 49% 45% 6%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[540] February 2–6, 2023 1,063 (RV) ± 2.8% 47% 41% 12%
    Morning Consult[506] February 3–5, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 40% 17%
    ABC News/The Washington Post[541] January 27 – February 1, 2023 895 (RV) 45% 48% 7%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[224] January 28–29, 2023 1,139 (LV) 39% 41% 20%
    Morning Consult[506] January 27–29, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 40% 17%
    Echelon Insights[542] January 23–25, 2023 1,024 (LV) ± 3.9% 45% 42% 13%
    McLaughlin & Associates[225] January 19–24, 2023 1,000 (LV) 43% 48% 9%
    Morning Consult[506] January 20–22, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 41% 15%
    Emerson College[543] January 19–21, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 2.5% 41% 44% 15%
    Cygnal (R)[544] January 19–20, 2023 2,529 (LV) ± 2.0% 47% 44% 9%
    Marquette University[545] January 9–20, 2023 790 (RV) ± 4.0% 40% 40% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[226] January 18–19, 2023 2,050 (RV) 41% 46% 13%
    YouGov/The Economist[546] January 14–17, 2023 1,314 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 42% 12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[227] January 16, 2023 1,458 (LV) 39% 41% 20%
    YouGov/YahooNews[547] January 12–16, 2023 1,028 (RV) ± 2.7% 46% 40% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] January 10–12, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 40% 17%
    Morning Consult[506] January 6–8, 2023 7,500 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 41% 15%
    WPA Intelligence[548] January 2–8, 2023 1,035 (LV) ± 3.0% 49% 41% 10%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2022)

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[506] December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023 8,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 40% 16%
    Data for Progress[549] December 22–29, 2022 1,189 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 45% 8%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[550] December 15–19, 2022 1,041 (RV) ± 2.7% 45% 41% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] December 16–18, 2022 7,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[228] December 14–15, 2022 1,851 (RV) 40% 45% 15%
    Echelon Insights[551] December 12–14, 2022 1,021 (LV) ± 3.7% 46% 44% 10%
    McLaughlin & Associates[229] December 9–14, 2022 1,000 (LV) 45% 48% 7%
    Morning Consult[506] December 9–11, 2022 7,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    Suffolk University[552] December 7–11, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 47% 40% 13%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[553] December 3–7, 2022 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 45% 43% 12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[230] December 5, 2022 1,162 (LV) 41% 41% 18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[554] December 1–5, 2022 1,204 (RV) ± 2.6% 45% 42% 13%
    Marquette University[555] November 15–22, 2022 840 (RV) ± 4.0% 44% 34% 22%
    Emerson College[543] November 18–19, 2022 1,380 (RV) ± 2.5% 45% 41% 14%
    Echelon Insights[556] November 17–19, 2022 1,036 (LV) ± 3.8% 42% 45% 13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[231] November 17, 2022 1,203 (LV) 43% 42% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[232] November 16–17, 2022 2,212 (RV) 42% 44% 14%
    Léger[557] November 11–13, 2022 1,007 (A) 36% 33% 31%
    Rasmussen Reports[558] November 8–9, 2022 1,767 (LV) ± 2.0% 44% 47% 9%
    Democracy Corps/GQR[559] November 6–8, 2022 1,000 (RV) 46% 48% 6%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 43% 13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[233] November 2, 2022 1,084 (LV) 39% 44% 17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[561] October 27–31, 2022 1,172 (RV) ± 2.7% 48% 42% 10%
    Benenson Strategy Group[562] October 27–30, 2022 1,000 (V) ± 3.1% 45% 43% 12%
    Echelon Insights[563] October 24–26, 2022 1,014 (LV) ± 3.8% 45% 46% 9%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[564] October 22–26, 2022 1,500 (RV) 46% 46% 8%
    Suffolk University[565] October 19–24, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 46% 42% 12%
    Emerson College[566] October 18–19, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 40% 17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[567] October 13–17, 2022 1,209 (RV) ± 2.7% 46% 44% 10%
    McLaughlin & Associates[234] October 12–17, 2022 1,000 (LV) 44% 50% 6%
    Rasmussen Reports[568] October 12–13, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 44% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[235] October 12–13, 2022 2,010 (RV) 43% 45% 12%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[236] October 12, 2022 1,110 (LV) 40% 41% 19%
    Siena College/The New York Times[569] October 9–12, 2022 792 (LV) 44% 45% 11%
    John Zogby Strategies[570] October 5, 2022 1,006 (LV) ± 3.2% 45% 41% 14%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[237] October 2–3, 2022 1,128 (LV) 43% 41% 16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[571] September 23–27, 2022 1,138 (RV) ± 2.7% 47% 45% 8%
    McLaughlin & Associates[238] September 17–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 45% 49% 6%
    Emerson College[572] September 20–21, 2022 1,368 (LV) ± 2.6% 45% 44% 11%
    ABC News/The Washington Post[573] September 18–21, 2022 908 (RV) ± 3.5% 46% 48% 6%
    Premise[574] September 16–19, 2022 1,703 (A) 51% 49%
    Echelon Insights[575] September 16–19, 2022 1,056 (LV) ± 3.8% 47% 44% 9%
    Refield & Wilton Strategies[239] September 14–15, 2022 1,163 (LV) 43% 40% 17%
    Marquette University[576] September 6–14, 2022 1,282 (RV) ± 3.6% 42% 36% 22%
    Siena College/The New York Times[577] September 6–14, 2022 1,399 (RV) 45% 42% 13%
    Harvard/Harris[240] September 7–8, 2022 1,854 (RV) 42% 45% 13%
    Echelon Insights[578] August 31 – September 7, 2022 1,228 (LV) ± 3.5% 46% 45% 9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[579] September 2–6, 2022 1,247 (RV) ± 2.6% 48% 42% 10%
    Premise[580] September 2–5, 2022 1,185 (RV) 51% 49%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[241] August 28, 2022 1,050 (LV) 40% 42% 18%
    Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research[581] August 17–25, 2022 1,313 (RV) 50% 44% 6%
    Emerson College[582] August 23–24, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 42% 15%
    McLaughlin & Associates[242] August 20–24, 2022 1,000 (LV) 45% 49% 6%
    Echelon Insights[583] August 19–22, 2022 1,054 (LV) ± 3.6% 47% 42% 11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[584] August 18–22, 2022 1,185 (RV) 46% 42% 12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[243] August 17, 2022 1,156 (LV) 39% 42% 19%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[244] July 28 – August 1, 2022 1,152 (RV) 45% 42% 13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[245] July 29, 2022 1,094 (LV) 35% 42% 23%
    Harvard/Harris[246] July 27–28, 2022 1,885 (RV) 41% 45% 14%
    Rasmussen Reports[585] July 26–27, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 46% 14%
    Suffolk University[586] July 22–25, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 45% 41% 14%
    Emerson College[587] July 19–20, 2022 1,078 (RV) ± 2.9% 43% 46% 11%
    Echelon Insights[247] July 15–18, 2022 1,022 (LV) 46% 44% 10%
    The Trafalgar Group (R)[588] July 11–14, 2022 1,085 (LV) ± 2.9% 43% 48% 10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[589] July 8–11, 2022 1,261 (RV) 44% 43% 13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[248] July 9, 2022 1,078 (LV) 41% 43% 16%
    The New York Times/Siena College[590] July 5–7, 2022 849 (RV) ± 4.1% 44% 41% 14%
    Harvard/Harris[249] June 28–29, 2022 1,308 (RV) 40% 43% 17%
    Emerson College[591] June 28–29, 2022 1,271 (RV) ± 2.7% 39% 44% 17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[250] June 24–27, 2022 1,239 (RV) 46% 43% 11%
    McLaughlin & Associates[251] June 17–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 44% 49% 7%
    Echelon Insights[592] June 17–20, 2022 1,030 (LV) 45% 43% 12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[252] June 15, 2022 1,064 (LV) 38% 41% 21%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[593] June 10–13, 2022 1,243 (RV) 42% 44% 14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[253] May 30, 2022 1,173 (LV) 38% 42% 20%
    Emerson College[594] May 24–25, 2022 1,148 (RV) ± 2.8% 42% 44% 14%
    Echelon Insights[595] May 20–23, 2022 1,020 (LV) 45% 44% 11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[596] May 19–22, 2022 1,360 (RV) 44% 42% 14%
    Harvard/Harris[254] May 18–19, 2022 1,963 (RV) 42% 45% 13%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[255] May 17, 2022 1,120 (LV) 39% 42% 19%
    Rasmussen Reports[597] April 28 – May 2, 2022 1,004 (LV) ± 3.0% 36% 50% 14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[256] May 1, 2022 1,096 (LV) 40% 44% 16%
    Emerson College[598] April 25–26, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 42% 43% 15%
    McLaughlin & Associates[257] April 22–26, 2022 1,000 (LV) 43% 50% 7%
    Morning Consult[599] April 22–25, 2022 2,004 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 44% 11%
    InsiderAdvantage (R)[600] April 21–23, 2022 750 (RV) ± 3.6% 43% 47% 10%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[601] April 19–22, 2022 1,187 (RV) 43% 41% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[258] April 20–21, 2022 1,966 (RV) 43% 45% 12%
    Echelon Insights[259] April 18–20, 2022 1,001 (LV) 45% 44% 11%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[260] April 18, 2022 1,500 (LV) 41% 43% 16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[602] March 31 – April 4, 2022 1,233 (RV) 45% 40% 15%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[261] April 3, 2022 1,205 (LV) 38% 43% 19%
    Marquette Law School[603] March 14–24, 2022 1,004 (A) ± 4.0% 41% 37% 22%
    Harvard/Harris[262] March 23–24, 2022 1,990 (RV) 41% 47% 12%
    McLaughlin & Associates[263] March 17–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 46% 49% 5%
    Echelon Insights[604] March 18–21, 2022 1,050 (RV) 46% 44% 10%
    University of Massachusetts Lowell[605] March 15–21, 2022 873 (RV) ± 3.7% 44% 42% 14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[264] March 20, 2022 1,193 (LV) 41% 41% 18%
    Emerson College[606] March 18–20, 2022 1,023 (RV) ± 3.0% 42% 45% 13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[607] March 10–14, 2022 1,225 (RV) 47% 39% 14%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[265] March 8, 2022 1,194 (LV) 40% 42% 18%
    Wall Street Journal[608] March 2–7, 2022 1,500 (RV) 45% 45% 9%
    Schoen Cooperman Research[266] March 2–6, 2022 800 (LV) 44% 44% 12%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[609] February 24–27, 2022 1,532 (A) ± 2.9% 40% 39% 21%
    NewsNation[610] February 23–24, 2022 1,046 (RV) 37% 41% 22%
    Harvard/Harris[267] February 23–24, 2022 2,026 (RV) 42% 48% 10%
    Echelon Insights[611] February 19–23, 2022 1,078 (RV) 45% 43% 12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[268] February 23, 2022 1,367 (LV) 42% 38% 20%
    McLaughlin & Associates[269] February 16–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 45% 48% 7%
    Emerson College[612] February 19–20, 2022 1,138 (RV) ± 2.8% 44% 48% 8%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[270] February 6, 2022 1,406 (LV) 41% 41% 18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[613] January 20–24, 2022 1,568 (A) ± 2.8% 42% 40% 18%
    Morning Consult[614] January 22–23, 2022 2,005 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 44% 11%
    Echelon Insights[615] January 21–23, 2022 1,098 (RV) 47% 43% 10%
    Marquette Law School[616][n] January 10–21, 2022 1,000 (A) 43% 33% 24%
    Harvard/Harris[271] January 19–20, 2022 1,815 (RV) 40% 46% 14%
    McLaughlin & Associates[272] January 13–18, 2022 1,000 (LV) 44% 49% 7%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[273] January 8–9, 2022 1,430 (LV) 39% 38% 23%
    PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[617] January 6, 2022 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 45% 44% 11%
    Rasmussen Reports[618] January 5, 2022 1,015 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 46% 14%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump (2021)

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    InsiderAdvantage (R)[619] December 17–19, 2021 750 (RV) ± 3.6% 41% 49% 10%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[620] December 18, 2021 1,411 (LV) 34% 39% 27%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[621] December 9–13, 2021 1,558 (A) 47% 41% 12%
    Echelon Insights[622] December 9–13, 2021 1,098 (RV) 47% 44% 9%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[274] December 5, 2021 1,387 (LV) 38% 42% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[623] November 30 – December 2, 2021 1,989 (RV) 45% 48% 7%
    Rasmussen Reports[624] November 22–23, 2021 1,200 (LV) ± 3.0% 32% 45% 23%
    Wall Street Journal[625] November 16–22, 2021 1,500 (RV) 46% 45% 10%
    Echelon Insights[626] November 12–18, 2021 1,013 (RV) 45% 45% 10%
    McLaughlin & Associates[276] November 11–16, 2021 1,000 (LV) 44% 49% 7%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[277] November 15, 2021 1,500 (RV) 35% 41% 24%
    Marquette Law School[627][o] November 1–10, 2021 1,004 (A) 42% 34% 24%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[628] November 4–8, 2021 1,673 (A) 43% 39% 18%
    Suffolk University[629] November 3–5, 2021 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 40% 44% 16%
    Emerson College[630] November 3–4, 2021 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 45% 12%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[631] October 31, 2021 1,387 (LV) 42% 42% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[632] October 26–28, 2021 1,578 (LV) 45% 46% 9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[633] October 19–21, 2021 1,704 (A) 43% 40% 17%
    Echelon Insights[634] October 15–19, 2021 1,098 (RV) 48% 42% 10%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[635] October 17, 2021 1,366 (LV) 42% 40% 18%
    Selzer and Company/Grinnell College[636] October 13–17, 2021 745 (LV) ± 3.6% 40% 40% 19%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[637] October 4–6, 2021 1,345 (LV) 43% 41% 16%
    Echelon Insights[638] September 17–23, 2021 1,005 (RV) 50% 39% 11%
    Rasmussen Reports[279] September 21–22, 2021 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 41% 51% 8%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[639] September 19–20, 2021 1,330 (LV) 42% 40% 18%
    McLaughlin & Associates[280] September 9–14, 2021 1,000 (LV) 47% 50% 3%
    Redfield and Wilton Strategies[640] September 4–5, 2021 1,357 (LV) 45% 42% 13%
    Emerson College[641] August 30 – September 1, 2021 1,200 (RV) ± 2.7% 46% 47% 7%
    Rasmussen Reports[642] August 16–17, 2021 1,000 (LV) ± 3.0% 37% 43% 20%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[643] July 30 – August 2, 2021 1,552 (A) 47% 37% 16%
    PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[644] July 8, 2021 1,000 (LV) 46% 43% 11%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[645] June 22–24, 2021 1,592 (A) 47% 35% 18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[646] May 24–26, 2021 1,588 (A) 46% 36% 18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[647] May 11–13, 2021 1,561 (A) 48% 36% 16%
    Ipsos/Reuters[648] April 12–16, 2021 1,106 (A) 45% 28% 27%
    PMC[disambiguation needed]/John Bolton Super Pac[649] April 3–7, 2021 1,000 (LV) 46% 42% 12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Chase Oliver vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Chase
    Oliver

    Libertarian
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 42% 43% 8% 3% <1% 2% 2%
    NBC News[198] July 7–9, 2024 800 (RV) ± 3.5% 37% 40% 10% 1% 2% 3% 7%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[202] July 1–3, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 37% 43% 7% 2% 2% 2% 7%
    Wall Street Journal[650] June 29 – July 2, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 36% 42% 7% 2% 1% 2% 11%
    New York Times/Siena College[317] June 28 – July 2, 2024 1,532 (LV) ± 2.3% 37% 42% 8% <0.5% 1% 2% 9%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 35% 41% 14% 2% 1% 3% 4%
    USA Today/Suffolk University[651] June 28–30, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 38% 41% 8% 1% 1% 1% 10%
    New York Times/Siena College[326] June 20–25, 2024 1,226 (LV) ± 3.2% 37% 40% 7% <0.5% 1% 2% 12%
    Quinnipiac University[652] June 20–24, 2024 1,405 (RV) ± 2.6% 37% 43% 11% 2% 1% 2% 4%
    McLaughlin & Associates[207] June 18–24, 2024 1,000 (LV) 37% 39% 10% 2% 1% 2% 9%
    Marist College[653] June 10–12, 2024 1,184 (RV) ± 3.8% 41% 42% 11% 3% 1% 1% 1%
    Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo[362] May 1–2, 2024 1,240 (LV) ± 3.0% 40% 41% 12% 1% 0% 1% 5%
    Data for Progress (D)[386] March 27–29, 2024 1,200 (LV) ± 3.0% 41% 42% 8% 1% 1% 1% 6%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights[310] July 8–11, 2024 2,300 (LV) ± 2.1% 40% 43% 7% 1% 1% 7%
    Rasmussen Reports[311] July 7–11, 2024 1,847 (LV) ± 2.0% 40% 46% 7% 1% 1% 5%
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 42% 43% 8% 3% 2% 2%
    Fox News[197] July 7–10, 2024 1,210 (RV) ± 3.0% 41% 44% 10% 1% 3% 1%
    The Economist/YouGov[299] July 7–9, 2024 1,443 (RV) ± 3.1% 40% 43% 4% 1% 1% 11%
    ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos[199] July 5–9, 2024 2,041 (RV) ± 2.0% 42% 43% 9% 2% 2% 2%
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 40% 44% 6% 1% 1% 8%
    Lord Ashcroft[313] June 28 – July 7, 2024 4,347 (LV) 41% 39% 9% 1% 1% 9%
    Cygnal (R)[314] July 1–2, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 38% 44% 7% 2% 2% 7%
    The Economist/YouGov[654] June 30 – July 2, 2024 1,392 (RV) ± 3.1% 40% 42% 5% 1% 1% 11%
    CBS News/YouGov[316] June 28 – July 2, 2024 2,808 (LV) 40% 44% 11% 2% 3%
    Harvard/Harris[320] June 28–30, 2024 2,090 (RV) 38% 46% 13% 2% 2%
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 37% 42% 16% 2% 3%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[325] June 26–28, 2024 1,244 (RV) ± 2.8% 40% 39% 10% 2% 1% 7%
    AtlasIntel/CNN Brazil[655] June 26–28, 2024 1,634 (RV) ± 2.0% 40% 46% 10% 1% 1% 2%
    The Economist/YouGov[656] June 23–25, 2024 1,406 (RV) ± 3.0% 42% 42% 4% 1% 0% 10%
    Leger/New York Post[327] June 22–24, 2024 878 (LV) ± 3.01% 38% 38% 7% 2% 2% 13%
    The Economist/YouGov[657] June 16–18, 2024 1,396 (RV) ± 3.1% 42% 42% 4% 1% 1% 10%
    Fox News[332] June 14–17, 2024 1,095 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 42% 10% 2% 2% 1%
    New York Post/YouGov[658] June 11–14, 2024 1,011 (RV) ± 3.6% 41% 39% 3% 1% 1% 16%
    Echelon Insights[659] June 10–12, 2024 1,013 (LV) ± 3.7% 42% 43% 7% 2% 2% 3%
    The Economist/YouGov[660] June 9–11, 2024 1,399 (RV) ± 3.2% 40% 42% 3% 1% 1% 9%
    Cygnal (R)[338] June 4–6, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 38% 41% 8% 2% 2% 8%
    Emerson College[340] June 4–5, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 38.4% 44.4% 5.9% 1% 1.2% 9.1%
    The Economist/YouGov[661] June 2–4, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 42% 42% 3% 1% 1% 10%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[346] May 29–31, 2024 1,675 (RV) ± 2.5% 38% 38% 10% 1% 2% 9%
    Leger/The Canadian Press[347] May 24–26, 2024 883 (LV) ± 3.09% 37% 39% 9% 2% 2% 11%
    The Economist/YouGov[662] May 25–28, 2024 1,547 (RV) ± 3.1% 40% 41% 4% 1% 1% 13%
    McLaughlin & Associates[349][B] May 21–23, 2024 1,000 (LV) 38% 42% 9% 2% 2% 7%[p]
    Emerson College[350] May 21–23, 2024 1,100 (RV) ± 2.9% 38.7% 43.8% 5.9% 1.0% 0.9% 9.6%
    The Economist/YouGov[663] May 19–21, 2024 1,560 (RV) ± 2.6% 40% 41% 5% 1% 1% 12%
    Quinnipiac University[352] May 16–20, 2024 1,374 (RV) ± 2.6% 41% 38% 14% 2% 2% 3%
    Cygnal (R)[354] May 14–16, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 38% 41% 9% 2% 2% 8%
    Echelon Insights[355] May 13–16, 2024 1,023 (LV) ± 3.7% 38% 43% 9% 1% 3% 6%
    The Economist/YouGov[664] May 12–14, 2024 1,586 (RV) ± 2.9% 41% 42% 3% 1% 1% 11%
    Fox News[665] May 10–13, 2024 1,126 (RV) ± 3.0% 40% 43% 11% 2% 2% 2%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[361] May 1–3, 2024 1,264 (RV) ± 2.8% 39% 38% 12% 1% 1% 9%
    USA Today[666] April 30 – May 3, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 37% 37% 8% 2% 1% 15%
    The Economist/YouGov[667] April 28–30, 2024 1,479 (RV) ± 2.9% 43% 44% 3% 1% 1% 8%
    Leger/The Canadian Press[367] April 26–28, 2024 887 (LV) ± 3.09% 38% 41% 7% 1% 2% 11%
    ABC News/Ipsos[668] April 25–30, 2024 2,260 (A) ± 2.0% 42% 42% 12% 2% 1% 1%
    HarrisX/Harris[368] April 24–25, 2024 1,961 (RV) ± 2.0% 39% 45% 12% 2% 1%
    The Economist/YouGov[669] April 21–23, 2024 1,470 (RV) ± 3.3% 43% 43% 3% 0% 0% 11%
    CNN/SSRS[370] April 18–23, 2024 967 (RV) ± 3.4% 33% 42% 16% 4% 3% 3%
    Quinnipiac University[670] April 18–22, 2024 1,429 (RV) ± 2.6% 37% 37% 16% 3% 3% 4%
    Marist College[374] April 17–18, 2024 1,047 (RV) ± 3.6% 43% 38% 13% 2% 2% 2%
    Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/NBC News[671] April 12–16, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 39% 37% 13% 2% 3% 6%
    Emerson College[375] April 16–17, 2024 1,308 (RV) ± 2.6% 40% 44% 8% 1% 0% 7%
    The Economist/YouGov[672] April 14–16, 2024 1,358 (RV) ± 3.1% 44% 44% 3% 1% 0% 8%
    Echelon Insights[379] April 12–14, 2024 1,020 (LV) ± 3.9% 41% 40% 11% 2% 2% 4%
    NY Times/Siena[673] April 7–11, 2024 1,059 (LV) ± 3.5% 42% 43% 2% <0.5% <0.5% 12%
    The Economist/YouGov[674] April 6–9, 2024 1,583 (RV) ± 2.9% 42% 43% 3% 1% 0% 12%
    Issues & Insights/TIPP[675] April 3–5, 2024 1,265 (RV) ± 2.8% 38% 38% 11% 2% 1% 11%
    Emerson College[384] April 2–3, 2024 1,438 (RV) ± 2.5% 42% 43% 8% 1% 1% 6%
    The Economist/YouGov[676] March 30 – April 2, 2024 1,604 (RV) ± 3.1% 43% 43% 2% 1% 0% 9%
    Trafalgar Group (R)[677] March 29–31, 2024 1,092 (LV) ± 2.9% 40% 43% 11% 2% 1% 3%
    NPR/PBS[387] March 25–28, 2024 1,199 (LV) 43% 41% 11% 1% 2% 2%
    Quinnipiac University[678] March 21–25, 2024 1,407 (RV) 38% 39% 13% 3% 4% 3%
    The Economist/YouGov[394] March 16–19, 2024 1,510 (RV) 44% 43% 2% 1% 0% 10%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[397] March 11–15, 2024 2,510 (RV) ± 2.0% 40% 43% 7% 1% 1% 7%
    Emerson College[404] March 5–6, 2024 1,350 (RV) ± 2.6% 42% 43% 6% 2% 1% 7%
    Quinnipiac University[408] February 15–19, 2024 1,421 (RV) ± 2.6% 38% 37% 15% 3% 3% 3%
    Emerson College[420] January 26–29, 2024 1,260 (RV) ± 2.7% 39% 41% 5% 1% 1% 13%
    Quinnipiac University[408] January 25–29, 2024 1,650 (RV) 39% 37% 14% 3% 2% 5%
    Quinnipiac University[435] December 14–18, 2023 1,647 (RV) ± 2.4% 36% 38% 16% 3% 3% 5%[q]
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] December 10–13, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 37% 41% 14% 3% 2% 4%[r]
    Emerson College[446] December 4–6, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3% 37% 43% 7% 1% 1% 12%
    Emerson College[452] November 17–20, 2023 1,475 (RV) ± 2.5% 36% 42% 7% 1% 1% 13%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 35% 41% 15% 3% 3% 3%
    Quinnipiac University[458] November 9–13, 2023 1,574 (RV) ± 2.5% 35% 38% 17% 3% 3% 4%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[679] July 15, 2024 2,621 (RV) 42% 43% 6% 9%
    Pew Research Center[312] July 1–7, 2024 7,729 (RV) 40% 44% 15% 2%
    Daily Mail/J.L. Partners[202] July 1–3, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 37% 43% 7% 13%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[319] June 29–30, 2024 869 (LV) 39% 42% 10% 9%
    Harvard/Harris[320] June 28–30, 2024 2,090 (RV) 39% 46% 15%
    Forbes/HarrisX[205] June 28–30, 2024 1,500 (RV) ± 2.5% 38% 43% 19%
    Patriot Polling[680] June 27–29, 2024 1,029 (RV) 41% 44% 11% 4%
    ActiVote[330] June 5–21, 2024 2,192 (LV) ± 2.1% 42% 44% 14%
    Reuters/Ipsos[681] June 12, 2024 930 (RV) ± 3.2% 37% 38% 10% 16%
    ActiVote[30] May 23 – June 4, 2024 1,775 (LV) ± 2.3% 42% 45% 13%
    Reuters/Ipsos[682] May 30–31, 2024 2,135 (RV) ± 2.1% 39% 37% 10% 13%
    ActiVote[351] May 6–21, 2024 1,153 (LV) ± 2.9% 42% 45% 13%
    Harvard-Harris[353] May 15–16, 2024 1,660 (RV) ± 2.0% 40% 45% 14%
    Reuters/Ipsos[335] May 7–14, 2024 3,208 (RV) ± 2.0% 40% 40% 13% 7%
    Ipsos[359] May 7–13, 2024 1,730 (RV) 37% 35% 5% 23%
    Reuters/Ipsos[683] April 29–30, 2024 856 (RV) ± 3.2% 39% 38% 8% 15%
    ActiVote[365] April 13–30, 2024 1,025 (LV) ± 3.1% 41.2% 44.4% 14.4%
    Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research[366] April 26–28, 2024 851 (LV) ± 3.0% 43.7% 39.5% 11% 5.9%
    HarrisX/Harris[368] April 24–25, 2024 1,961 (RV) ± 2.0% 41% 45% 14%
    Change Research (D)[684] April 17–22, 2024 2,745 (RV) 38% 39% 8% 14%
    ActiVote[381] March 24 – April 10, 2024 995 (LV) ± 3.1% 41% 44% 15%
    Reuters/Ipsos[685] March 7–13, 2024 3,356 (RV) 43% 38% 12% 7%
    Reuters/Ipsos[686] January 3–9, 2024 4,677 (RV) ± 1.5% 29% 30% 18% 23%
    Quinnipiac University[435] December 14–18, 2023 1,647 (RV) ± 2.4% 38% 36% 22% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[443] December 6–7 & 10, 2023 892 (LV) ± 3.0% 32% 40% 16% 12%[s]
    Cygnal (R)[444] December 5–7, 2023 2,000 (LV) ± 2.16% 42% 43% 9% 6%
    Harvard/Harris[687] November 15–16, 2023 2,851 (RV) 36% 44% 21% 0%
    Reuters/Ipsos[427] November 13–14, 2023 1,006 (RV) ± 3.8% 30% 32% 20% 18%
    Quinnipiac University[688] November 9–13, 2023 1,574 (RV) ± 2.5% 37% 38% 21% 4%
    Rasmussen Reports[689] November 8–12, 2023 987 (LV) ± 3.0% 38% 39% 12% 11%
    Sienna College[690] October 22 – November 3, 2023 3,662 (RV) ± 1.8% 33% 35% 24% 8%
    Cygnal (R)[691] October 30 – November 1, 2023 2,000 (LV) ± 2.2% 40% 39% 12% 8%
    American Pulse Research & Polling[466] October 27–30, 2023 568 (LV) ± 4.1% 39% 39% 11% 11%
    Quinnipiac University[692] October 26–30, 2023 1,610 (RV) ± 2.4% 39% 36% 22% 3%
    Redfield & Wilton[693] October 29, 2023 1,500 (LV) ± 2.0% 38% 40% 10% 12%
    Susquehanna[694] October 17–27, 2023 1,000 (LV) ± 3.2% 47% 40% 6% 7%
    McLaughlin and Associates[695] October 23–26, 2023 449 (LV) ± 3.1% 37% 39% 14% 11%
    USA Today/Suffolk University[696] October 17–20, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 38% 37% 14% 11%
    Harvard Harris[470] October 18–19, 2023 2,103 (RV) ± 2% 36% 42% 22%
    Yahoo News/YouGov[697] October 10–16, 2023 1,123 (RV) ± 2.7% 40% 39% 9% 12%
    NPR/PBS/Marist[698] October 11, 2023 1,218 (RV) ± 3.9% 44% 37% 16% 3%
    October 9, 2023 Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
    Fox News[476] October 6–9, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 41% 41% 16% 2%
    Cygnal (R)[699] October 3–5, 2023 2,000 (A) ± 2.16% 39% 40% 12% 9%
    Reuters/Ipsos[700] October 3–4, 2023 1,005 (A) ± 4.0% 31% 33% 14% 22%
    Echelon Insights[478] September 25–28, 2023 1,011 (LV) ± 4.0% 36% 40% 14% 10%
    American Values[701] September 24, 2023 1,008 ± 3.2% 38% 38% 19% 5%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    The Wall Street Journal[702] August 24–30, 2023 1,500 (RV) 39% 40% 2% 19%
    Emerson College[703] August 25–26, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 44% 4% 13%
    McLaughlin & Associates[704] August 15–23, 2023 1,000 (LV) 41% 42% 6% 11%
    Emerson College[705] August 16–17, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 41% 42% 5% 12%
    McLaughlin & Associates[706] July 19–24, 2023 1,000 (LV) 40% 42% 5% 13%
    Echelon Insights[707] June 26–29, 2023 1,020 (LV) ± 3.9% 42% 43% 4% 11%
    Emerson College[496] June 19–20, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 3.0% 40% 41% 6% 13%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    July 21, 2024 Biden withdraws from the race.
    Big Village[708] June 7–9, 2024 1,423 (LV) ± 3.0% 43% 42% 7% 1% 7%
    Big Village[709] May 3–8, 2024 3,032 (LV) ± 2.0% 41.9% 40.6% 8.8% 1.2% 7.5%
    Big Village[710] March 29–31, 2024 1,425 (LV) ± 3.4% 42% 40% 8% 2% 8%
    SSRS/CNN[447] November 29 – December 6, 2023 1,197 (RV) ± 3.4% 31% 39% 20% 6% 4%[t]
    HarrisX[449] November 22–28, 2023 4,003 (RV) 33% 41% 13% 2% 11%
    HarrisX/The Messenger[711] November 15–19, 2023 3,017 (LV) ± 1.8% 33% 40% 14% 2% 11%
    Big Village[712] October 30 – November 5, 2023 1,497 (LV) ± 2.2% 37.1% 40.1% 12.4% 1.7% 8.7%
    CNN/SSRS[713] October 27 – November 2, 2023 1,271 (RV) ± 3.1% 35% 41% 16% 4% 3%
    HarrisX/The Messenger[464] October 30 – November 1, 2023 2,021 (RV) ± 2.2% 36% 41% 11% 2% 10%
    Quinnipiac University[692] October 26–30, 2023 1,610 (RV) ± 2.4% 36% 35% 19% 6% 4%
    McLaughlin and Associates (R)[714] October 23–26, 2023 449 (LV) ± 3.1% 35% 38% 12% 2% 13%
    Harris X/The Messenger[715] October 16–23, 2023 3,029 (RV) ± 1.8% 35% 38% 13% 2% 12%
    USA Today/Suffolk University[469] October 17–20, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 37% 37% 13% 4% 9%
    Harvard/Harris X[716] October 18–19, 2023 2,116 (RV) ± 2% 31% 39% 18% 3% 9%
    Zogby Analytics[717] October 13–15, 2023 869 (LV) ± 3.3% 41.2% 42.6% 12.5% 3.7%
    October 9, 2023 Kennedy announces he will run as an independent candidate
    October 5, 2023 West announces he will run as an independent candidate

    Undeclared and generic candidates

    The following nationwide polls feature at least one individual who is not a candidate for president, nor have they declined the possibility of a future campaign, as well as unnamed "generic" party candidates. Some candidates listed as "Independent" below do have a political party affiliation, but the poll was conducted on the hypothetical that they ran an independent campaign outside their party's nomination process.

    Hypothetical polling with other candidates

    Joe Biden vs. Liz Cheney

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Liz
    Cheney

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[543] November 18–19, 2022 1,380 (RV) ± 2.5% 37% 19% 44%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 32% 25% 43%
    Premise[580] September 2–5, 2022 1,185 (RV) 42% 58%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Liz Cheney as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Liz
    Cheney

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Ipsos/Reuters[539] February 6–13, 2023 915 (RV) ± 4.0% 32% 39% 15% 14%
    Premise[580] September 2–5, 2022 1,185 (RV) 37% 42% 21%
    Echelon Insights[21] August 19–22, 2022 1,054 (LV) ± 3.6% 38% 41% 12% 9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[584] August 18–22, 2022 1,185 (RV) 32% 40% 11% 17%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Nikki
    Haley

    Independent
    Undecided
    SurveyUSA[417] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,048 (LV) ± 3.7% 40% 45% 13% 3%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Nikki
    Haley

    Independent
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Undecided
    SurveyUSA[417] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,048 (LV) ± 3.7% 36% 43% 11% 9% 2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Nikki Haley as an independent vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs Cornel West as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Nikki
    Haley

    Independent
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Undecided
    SurveyUSA[417] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,048 (LV) ± 3.7% 36% 41% 10% 10% 1% 2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Mark Cuban vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Jill Stein vs. Cornel West

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Mark
    Cuban

    Independent
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights[436] December 12–16, 2023 1,012 (LV) ± 4.1% 36% 41% 4% 9% 1% 1% 8%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Andrew
    Yang

    Forward
    Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights[21] August 19–22, 2022 1,054 (LV) ± 3.6% 43% 39% 8% 10%
    Echelon Insights[634] October 15–19, 2021 1,098 (RV) 44% 40% 5% 11%

    Joe Biden vs. Chris Christie

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Chris
    Christie

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 42% 41% 17%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 42% 44% 14%
    The Guardian[718] July 11–19, 2023 1,104 (RV) ± 1.5% 43% 47% 10%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 30% 31%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Ron
    DeSantis

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights[436] December 12–16, 2023 1,012 (LV) ± 4.1% 46% 45% 9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[439] December 10–13, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 47% 47% 5%[u]
    Clarity Campaign Labs[442] December 7–10, 2023 1,052 (RV) ± 1.81% 45% 39% 16%[v]
    SSRS/CNN[447] November 29 – December 6, 2023 1,197 (RV) ± 3.4% 42% 49% 9%[w]
    YouGov[450] November 20–27, 2023 1,000 (A) ± 4.1% 38% 35% 27%
    Echelon Insights[454] November 14–17, 2023 1,006 (LV) ± 4.1% 45% 43% 12%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 50% 5%
    SSRS/CNN[463] October 27 – November 2, 2023 1,271 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 48% 6%
    Morning Consult[468] October 20–22, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1% 43% 38% 19%
    Fox News[476] October 6–9, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 47% 49% 3%
    Echelon Insights[478] September 25–28, 2023 1,011 (LV) ± 4.0% 42% 41% 17%
    NBC News[482] September 15–19, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 46% 45% 6%
    Harvard/Harris[210][G] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 42% 38% 20%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 47% 44% 6%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 47% 47% 6%
    Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square[488] July 31 – August 3, 2023 2,500 (RV) ± 2.4% 43% 41% 16%
    Big Village[489] July 24–26, 2023 1,663 (RV) ± 2.2% 43% 38% 19%
    Marquette University[492] July 7–12, 2023 788 (RV) ± 4.2% 48% 51%
    Emerson College[496] June 19–20, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 37% 21%
    NBC News[497] June 16–20, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 47% 47% 6%
    The Hill[719] June 14–15, 2023 2,090 (RV) 40% 41% 19%
    Morning Consult[499] June 9–11, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1% 43% 39% 18%
    YouGov[500] May 25–30, 2023 1,011 (RV) 46% 40% 14%
    Harvard/Harris[211] May 17–18, 2023 2,004 (RV) 42% 42% 16%
    Marquette University[720] May 8–18, 2023 1,000 (A) ± 3.7% 37% 38% 25%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[212] May 17, 2023 1,117 (LV) 47% 33% 20%
    YouGov/The Economist[504] May 13–16, 2023 1,302 (RV) ± 2.8% 41% 41% 18%
    Premise[505] May 12–15, 2023 1,591 (RV) 39% 36% 25%
    Morning Consult[506] May 12–14, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[508] May 5–8, 2023 1,057 (RV) 45% 42% 15%
    Morning Consult[506] May 5–7, 2023 6,000 (RV) 44% 40% 16%
    Emerson College[511] April 24–25, 2023 1,100 (RV) 43% 37% 20%
    Morning Consult[506] April 21–23, 2023 6,000 (RV) 44% 40% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[213] April 18–19, 2023 1,845 (RV) 40% 43% 17%
    Premise[514] April 14–17, 2023 1,485 (RV) 40% 37% 23%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[515] April 14–17, 2023 1,027 (RV) 45% 41% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] April 14–16, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 41% 17%
    Morning Consult[506] April 7–9, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[214] April 4, 2023 1,180 (LV) 45% 36% 19%
    Premise[518] March 31 – April 3, 2023 1,562 (RV) 38% 38% 24%
    Rasmussen Reports[519] March 30 – April 3, 2023 971 (LV) ± 3.0% 38% 46% 16%
    Morning Consult[506] March 31 – April 2, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 40% 18%
    Echelon Insights[522] March 27–29, 2023 1,007 (LV) ± 3.8% 45% 42% 13%
    Cygnal (R)[523] March 26–27, 2023 2,550 (LV) ± 1.9% 45% 45% 10%
    Quinnipiac University[13] March 23–27, 2023 1,600 (RV) ± 2.5% 46% 48% 6%
    Morning Consult[506] March 24–26, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 41% 17%
    Harvard/Harris[215] March 22–23, 2023 2,905 (RV) 41% 44% 15%
    Marquette University[525] March 12–22, 2023 863 (RV) ± 4.0% 41% 42% 17%
    Premise[526] March 16–21, 2023 1,509 (RV) 38% 39% 23%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[216] March 20, 2023 1,250 (LV) 45% 38% 17%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[527] March 16–20, 2023 1,060 (RV) ± 2.7% 43% 43% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] March 17–19, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 41% 16%
    Quinnipiac University[528] March 9–13, 2023 1,635 (RV) ± 2.4% 47% 46% 7%
    Morning Consult[506] March 10–12, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Wick Insights[529] March 6–9, 2023 1,125 (LV) 41% 44% 15%
    Premise[531] March 4–7, 2023 1,621 (RV) 39% 39% 22%
    Morning Consult[506] March 3–5, 2023 5,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 44% 40% 16%
    Cygnal (R)[532] February 24–27, 2023 2,424 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 45% 9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[218] February 23–27, 2023 1,014 (RV) ± 2.7% 42% 44% 14%
    Emerson College[534] February 24–25, 2023 1,060 (RV) ± 2.9% 44% 40% 16%
    Morning Consult[506] February 23–25, 2023 6,000 (RV) 42% 41% 17%
    Echelon Insights[535] February 21–23, 2023 1,023 (LV) 44% 47% 9%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[220] February 19, 2023 1,102 (LV) 43% 34% 23%
    Morning Consult[506] February 17–19, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 41% 42% 17%
    Premise[536] February 16–19, 2023 1,717 (RV) 42% 37% 21%
    Harvard/Harris[221] February 15–16, 2023 1,838 (RV) 41% 42% 17%
    Quinnipac University[538] February 9–14, 2023 1,429 (RV) ± 2.6% 46% 47% 7%
    Ipsos/Reuters[539] February 6–13, 2023 915 (RV) ± 4.0% 38% 41% 21%
    Morning Consult[506] February 10–12, 2023 6,000 (RV) 43% 41% 16%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 47% 44% 9%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[540] February 2–6, 2023 1,063 (RV) ± 2.8% 43% 44% 13%
    Morning Consult[506] February 3–5, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 42% 16%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[224] January 28–29, 2023 1,139 (LV) 40% 39% 21%
    Morning Consult[506] January 27–29, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 41% 17%
    Echelon Insights[542] January 23–25, 2023 1,024 (LV) ± 3.9% 42% 45% 13%
    Morning Consult[506] January 20–22, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 41% 43% 16%
    Emerson College[543] January 19–21, 2023 1,015 (RV) ± 2.5% 40% 39% 21%
    Cygnal (R)[544] January 19–20, 2023 2,529 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 45% 9%
    Marquette University[545] January 9–20, 2023 790 (RV) ± 4.0% 38% 45% 17%
    Harvard/Harris[226] January 18–19, 2023 2,050 (RV) 39% 42% 19%
    YouGov/The Economist[61] January 14–17, 2023 1,314 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 43% 14%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[227] January 16, 2023 1,458 (RV) 40% 38% 22%
    YouGov/YahooNews[547] January 12–16, 2023 1,028 (RV) ± 2.7% 44% 42% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] January 10–12, 2023 6,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 41% 44% 15%
    Morning Consult[506] January 6–8, 2023 7,500 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 43% 14%
    WPA Intelligence[548] January 2–8, 2023 1,035 (LV) ± 3.0% 42% 45% 13%
    Morning Consult[506] December 31, 2022 – January 2, 2023 8,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 42% 16%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[550] December 15–19, 2022 1,041 (RV) ± 2.7% 43% 43% 14%
    Morning Consult[506] December 16–18, 2022 7,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 43% 42% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[228] December 14–15, 2022 1,851 (RV) 39% 43% 18%
    Echelon Insights[551] December 12–14, 2022 1,021 (LV) ± 3.7% 44% 44% 12%
    Morning Consult[506] December 9–11, 2022 7,000 (RV) ± 1.0% 42% 42% 16%
    Suffolk University[552] December 7–11, 2022 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 43% 47% 10%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[230] December 5, 2022 1,162 (LV) 42% 40% 18%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[554] December 1–5, 2022 1,204 (RV) ± 2.6% 44% 44% 12%
    Marquette University[555] November 15–22, 2022 840 (RV) ± 4.0% 42% 42% 16%
    Emerson College[543] November 18–19, 2022 1,380 (RV) ± 2.5% 43% 39% 18%
    Echelon Insights[556] November 17–19, 2022 1,036 (LV) ± 3.8% 42% 45% 13%
    Redfield & Wilton Strategies[231] November 17, 2022 1,203 (LV) 43% 39% 18%
    Harvard/Harris[232] November 16–17, 2022 2,212 (RV) 43% 43% 14%
    Léger[557] November 11–13, 2022 1,007 (A) 33% 35% 32%
    Democracy Corps/GQR[559] November 6–8, 2022 1,000 (RV) 45% 49% 6%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 40% 40% 20%
    Marquette University[576] September 6–14, 2022 1,282 (RV) ± 3.6% 43% 38% 19%
    Echelon Insights[578] August 31 – September 7, 2022 1,228 (LV) ± 3.5% 46% 41% 13%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[244] July 28 – August 1, 2022 1,152 (RV) 45% 42% 13%
    Echelon Insights[247] July 15–18, 2022 1,022 (LV) 45% 41% 14%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[250] June 24–27, 2022 1,239 (RV) 45% 42% 13%
    Rasmussen Reports[597] April 28 – May 2, 2022 1,004 (LV) ± 3.0% 35% 46% 19%
    Marquette Law School[603] March 14–24, 2022 1,004 (A) ± 4.0% 38% 33% 29%
    Morning Consult[614] January 22–23, 2022 2,005 (RV) ± 2.0% 44% 39% 17%
    Marquette Law School[721][x] January 10–21, 2022 1,000 (A) 41% 33% 26%
    Harvard/Harris[275] November 30 – December 2, 2021 1,989 (RV) 43% 36% 21%
    Emerson College[641] August 30 – September 1, 2021 1,200 (RV) ± 2.7% 48% 36% 16%
    Echelon Insights[722] April 16–23, 2021 1,043 (RV) 45% 28% 27%
    Ipsos/Reuters[648] April 12–16, 2021 1,105 (A) 41% 25% 34%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Donald Trump as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Ron
    DeSantis

    Republican
    Donald
    Trump

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Ipsos/Reuters[723] May 9–15, 2023 4,415 (A) 37% 19% 22% 22%
    Ipsos/Reuters[724] April 21–24, 2023 1,005 (A) 38% 19% 22% 21%
    Echelon Insights[21] August 19–22, 2022 1,054 (LV) ± 3.6% 46% 23% 21% 10%

    Joe Biden vs. Vivek Ramaswamy

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Vivek
    Ramaswamy

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][H] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 39% 37% 24%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 45% 7%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 46% 45% 11%

    Joe Biden vs. Mitt Romney

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Mitt
    Romney

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[471] October 16–17, 2023 1,578 (RV) ± 2.4% 40% 30% 29%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 36% 33% 31%
    Echelon Insights[604] March 18–21, 2022 1,050 (RV) 41% 35% 24%
    Emerson College[641] August 30 – September 1, 2021 1,200 (RV) ± 2.7% 42% 23% 35%

    Joe Biden vs. Tom Cotton

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Tom
    Cotton

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 37% 31% 32%

    Joe Biden vs. Josh Hawley

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Josh
    Hawley

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 38% 31% 31%

    Joe Biden vs. Larry Hogan

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Larry
    Hogan

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 35% 28% 37%

    Joe Biden vs. Ted Cruz

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Ted
    Cruz

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 37% 20%
    Morning Consult[614] January 22–23, 2022 2,005 (RV) ± 2.0% 45% 39% 16%
    Ipsos/Reuters[648] April 12–16, 2021 1,105 (A) 46% 24% 30%

    Joe Biden vs. Kristi Noem

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Kristi
    Noem

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 37% 31% 32%

    Joe Biden vs. Mike Pence

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Mike
    Pence

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][I] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 42% 36% 23%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 44% 9%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 44% 46% 10%
    Wick Insights[529] March 6–9, 2023 1,125 (LV) 41% 41% 18%
    Cygnal (R)[532] February 24–27, 2023 2,424 (LV) ± 2.0% 45% 41% 14%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 46% 38% 16%
    Cygnal (R)[544] January 19–20, 2023 2,529 (LV) ± 2.0% 45% 41% 14%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 40% 39% 21%
    Marquette Law School[603] March 14–24, 2022 1,004 (A) ± 4.0% 37% 33% 29%
    Morning Consult[614] January 22–23, 2022 2,005 (RV) ± 2.0% 44% 42% 14%

    Joe Biden vs. Mike Pompeo

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Mike
    Pompeo

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 32% 29%

    Joe Biden vs. Marco Rubio

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Marco
    Rubio

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 37% 24%

    Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Nikki
    Haley

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Quinnipiac University[408] February 15–19, 2024 1,421 (RV) ± 2.6% 46% 43% 12%
    Emerson College[420] January 26–29, 2024 1,260 (RV) ± 2.7% 37% 38% 25%
    Echelon Insights[436] December 12–16, 2023 1,012 (LV) ± 4.1% 41% 45% 13%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[439] December 10–13, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 49% 9%[y]
    Emerson College[446] December 4–6, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3% 38.9% 38.6% 22.5%
    SSRS/CNN[447] November 29 – December 6, 2023 1,197 (RV) ± 3.4% 38% 50% 12%[z]
    Wall Street Journal[725] November 29 – December 4, 2023 750 (RV) 34% 51% 15%
    Echelon Insights[454] November 14–17, 2023 1,006 (LV) ± 4.1% 41% 44% 15%
    Emerson College[452] November 17–20, 2023 1,475 (RV) ± 2.5% 37.5% 37.6% 24.9%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 41% 52% 7%
    YouGov/Yahoo! News[457] November 9–13, 2023 1,061 (RV) ± 2.8% 39% 37% 24%
    SSRS/CNN[463] October 27 – November 2, 2023 1,271 (RV) ± 3.1% 43% 49% 8%
    Fox News[476] October 6–9, 2023 1,007 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 49% 4%
    NBC News[482] September 15–19, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 41% 46% 14%
    Harvard/Harris[210][J] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 37% 41% 21%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 43% 45% 8%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 49% 8%
    Harvard/Harris[211] May 17–18, 2023 2,004 (RV) 40% 38% 22%
    Premise[518] March 31 – April 3, 2023 1,562 (RV) 36% 32% 32%
    Harvard/Harris[215] March 22–23, 2023 2,905 (RV) 42% 40% 18%
    Premise[526] March 16–21, 2023 1,509 (RV) 36% 34% 30%
    Wick Insights[529] March 6–9, 2023 1,125 (LV) 39% 37% 24%
    Premise[531] March 4–7, 2023 1,621 (RV) 37% 34% 29%
    Cygnal (R)[532] February 24–27, 2023 2,424 (LV) ± 2.0% 46% 41% 13%
    Emerson College[534] February 24–25, 2023 1,060 (RV) ± 2.9% 40% 37% 23%
    Echelon Insights[535] February 21–23, 2023 1,023 (LV) 43% 36% 21%
    Rasmussen Reports[726] February 16–20, 2023 900 (LV) ± 3.0% 41% 45% 10%
    Premise[536] February 16–19, 2023 1,717 (RV) 39% 30% 31%
    Morning Consult[537] February 16–19, 2023 2,000 (RV) ± 1.5% 41% 35% 24%
    Ipsos/Reuters[539] February 6–13, 2023 915 (RV) ± 4.0% 43% 31% 26%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 45% 39% 16%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 39% 33% 28%
    Ipsos/Reuters[648] April 12–16, 2021 1,107 (A) 44% 19% 37%

    Joe Biden vs. Nikki Haley vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Nikki
    Haley

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    Quinnipiac University[408] February 15–19, 2024 1,421 (RV) ± 2.6% 35% 27% 24% 5% 3% 6%

    Joe Biden vs. Rick Scott

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Rick
    Scott

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 38% 33% 29%

    Joe Biden vs. Tim Scott

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Tim
    Scott

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][K] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 37% 39% 25%
    Fox News[484] September 9–12, 2023 1,012 (RV) ± 3.0% 44% 43% 10%
    CNN/SSRS[485] August 25–31, 2023 1,259 (RV) ± 3.5% 44% 46% 10%
    Wick Insights[529] March 6–9, 2023 1,125 (LV) 40% 34% 26%
    Morning Consult[560] November 2–7, 2022 3,980 (RV) ± 3.0% 37% 32% 31%

    Joe Biden vs. generic Republican

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Generic
    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    NBC News[727] November 10–14, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 37% 48% 15%
    NBC News[728] April 14–18, 2023 800 (RV) ± 3.5% 41% 47% 12%
    Morning Consult[599] April 22–25, 2022 2,004 (RV) ± 2.0% 39% 46% 15%
    Morning Consult[614] January 22–23, 2022 2,005 (RV) ± 2.0% 37% 46% 17%

    Donald Trump vs. generic Democrat

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Generic
    Democrat
    Others/
    Undecided
    Cygnal (R)[338] June 4–6, 2024 1,500 (LV) ± 2.53% 45% 40% 15%
    NBC News[727] November 10–14, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 40% 46% 14%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. generic Libertarian vs. generic Green vs. generic No Labels

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Generic
    Libertarian
    Generic
    Green
    Generic
    No Labels
    Others/
    Undecided
    NBC News[482] September 15–19, 2023 1,000 (RV) ± 3.1% 36% 39% 5% 4% 5% 11%

    Kamala Harris vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Ron
    DeSantis

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][L] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 44% 37% 19%
    Harvard/Harris[211] May 17–18, 2023 2,004 (RV) 42% 42% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[213] April 18–19, 2023 1,845 (RV) 41% 43% 16%
    Harvard/Harris[215] March 22–23, 2023 2,905 (RV) 38% 42% 20%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[218] February 23–27, 2023 1,014 (RV) ± 2.7% 40% 45% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[221] February 15–16, 2023 1,838 (RV) 40% 42% 18%
    Harvard/Harris[226] January 18–19, 2023 2,050 (RV) 40% 43% 17%
    Harvard/Harris[228] December 14–15, 2022 1,851 (RV) 40% 45% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[232] November 16–17, 2022 2,212 (RV) 39% 42% 19%
    Harvard/Harris[240] September 7–8, 2022 1,854 (RV) 41% 38% 21%
    Harvard/Harris[246] July 27–28, 2022 1,885 (RV) 41% 40% 19%
    Echelon Insights[247] July 15–18, 2022 1,022 (LV) 43% 42% 15%
    Harvard/Harris[249] June 28–29, 2022 1,308 (RV) 39% 37% 23%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[250] June 24–27, 2022 1,239 (RV) 45% 43% 12%
    Harvard/Harris[254] May 18–19, 2022 1,963 (RV) 41% 38% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[258] April 20–21, 2022 1,966 (RV) 42% 38% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[262] March 23–24, 2022 1,990 (RV) 40% 38% 22%
    Harvard/Harris[267] February 23–24, 2022 2,026 (RV) 41% 39% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[271] January 19–20, 2022 1,815 (RV) 39% 40% 21%
    Harvard/Harris[275] November 30 – December 2, 2021 1,989 (RV) 42% 37% 21%
    Harvard/Harris[729] October 26–28, 2021 1,578 (RV) 40% 42% 18%
    Echelon Insights[722] April 16–23, 2021 1,043 (RV) 43% 31% 26%

    Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pence

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Mike
    Pence

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][M] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 39% 39% 22%
    Echelon Insights[282] June 18–22, 2021 1,001 (RV) 45% 36% 19%

    Kamala Harris vs. Mike Pompeo

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Mike
    Pompeo

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[729] October 26–28, 2021 1,578 (RV) 41% 41% 18%

    Kamala Harris vs. Tim Scott

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Tim
    Scott

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][N] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 43% 35% 22%
    Harvard/Harris[729] October 26–28, 2021 1,578 (RV) 39% 42% 19%

    Kamala Harris vs. Nikki Haley

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Kamala
    Harris

    Democratic
    Nikki
    Haley

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Harvard/Harris[210][O] September 13–14, 2023 2,103 (RV) 40% 39% 20%
    Harvard/Harris[211] May 17–18, 2023 2,004 (RV) 41% 38% 21%
    Harvard/Harris[215] March 22–23, 2023 2,905 (RV) 38% 43% 19%

    Al Gore vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Al
    Gore

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 42% 47% 11%

    Michelle Obama vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Michelle
    Obama

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 50% 39% 11%

    Pete Buttigieg vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Pete
    Buttigieg

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 39% 49% 12%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 47% 11%
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 44% 47% 9%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 46% 44% 10%
    McLaughlin & Associates[257] April 22–26, 2022 1,000 (LV) 39% 49% 12%
    Harvard/Harris[275] November 30 – December 2, 2021 1,989 (RV) 37% 48% 15%

    Hillary Clinton vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Hillary
    Clinton

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 41% 48% 11%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[201] July 2–6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 43% 41% 16%[aa]
    McLaughlin & Associates[263] March 17–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 41% 51% 8%
    Schoen Cooperman Research[266] March 2–6, 2022 800 (LV) 43% 46% 11%
    McLaughlin & Associates[269] February 16–22, 2022 1,000 (LV) 43% 50% 7%
    Echelon Insights[615] January 21–23, 2022 1,029 (RV) 43% 44% 13%
    McLaughlin & Associates[272] January 13–18, 2022 1,000 (LV) 41% 51% 8%

    Cory Booker vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Cory
    Booker

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 44% 46% 10%

    Amy Klobuchar vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Amy
    Klobuchar

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 43% 46% 10%

    Joe Manchin vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Manchin

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 47% 7%

    Bernie Sanders vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Bernie
    Sanders

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 42% 48% 10%
    Emerson College[471] October 16–17, 2023 1,578 (RV) ± 2.4% 40% 48% 12%
    Emerson College[587] July 19–20, 2022 1,078 (RV) ± 2.9% 40% 45% 15%
    Morning Consult[599] April 22–25, 2022 2,004 (RV) ± 2.0% 42% 43% 15%

    Elizabeth Warren vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Elizabeth
    Warren

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 38.9% 48.6% 12.5%
    Public Policy Polling (D)[223] February 10–11, 2023 1,056 (RV) 48% 46% 6%

    Andy Beshear vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Andy
    Beshear

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 36% 40% 24%

    Phil Murphy vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Phil
    Murphy

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates[257] April 22–26, 2022 1,000 (LV) 33% 49% 18%

    Gavin Newsom vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Gavin
    Newsom

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 50% 48% 2%
    Fox News[197] July 7–10, 2024 1,210 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 48% 4%
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 40% 48% 12%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[201] July 2–6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 37% 40% 23%[ab]
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 39% 42% 19%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 43% 48% 8%
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 44% 47% 9%
    Cygnal (R)[444] December 5–7, 2023 2,000 (LV) ± 2.16% 40.9% 46.6% 12.5%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 45% 49% 6%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[250] June 24–27, 2022 1,239 (RV) 45% 43% 12%

    Gavin Newsom vs. Ron DeSantis

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Gavin
    Newsom

    Democratic
    Ron
    DeSantis

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    YouGov/Rose Institute[731] October 11–26, 2022 5,050 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 51%
    YouGov/Yahoo News[250] June 24–27, 2022 1,239 (RV) 43% 42% 15%

    J.B. Pritzker vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    J.B.
    Pritzker

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 34% 40% 26%
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 43% 46% 11%

    Josh Shapiro vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Josh
    Shapiro

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 38% 46% 16%
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 43% 46% 12%

    Gretchen Whitmer vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Gretchen
    Whitmer

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    NPR/PBS News/Marist College[196] July 9–10, 2024 1,174 (RV) ± 3.3% 49% 49% 2%
    Fox News[197] July 7–10, 2024 1,210 (RV) ± 3.0% 48% 49% 3%
    Emerson College[200] July 7–8, 2024 1,370 (RV) ± 2.6% 38% 48% 14%
    Bendixen & Amandi International (D)[201] July 2–6, 2024 1,000 (LV) ± 3.1% 36% 40% 24%[ac]
    Reuters/Ipsos[203] July 1–2, 2024 1,070 (A) ± 3.5% 36% 41% 23%
    CNN/SSRS[206] June 28–30, 2024 1,045 (RV) ± 3.5% 42% 47% 11%
    Data for Progress (D)[730] June 28, 2024 1,011 (LV) ± 3.0% 44% 46% 10%
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 46% 48% 6%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Joe
    Manchin

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights[501] May 22–25, 2023 1,035 (LV) ± 3.6% 41% 42% 9% 8%

    Joe Biden vs. Ron DeSantis with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Ron
    DeSantis

    Republican
    Joe
    Manchin

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Echelon Insights[501] May 22–25, 2023 1,035 (LV) ± 3.6% 42% 38% 8% 12%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. with Joe Manchin as an independent

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Joe
    Manchin

    Independent
    Others/
    Undecided
    Cygnal (R)[444] December 5–7, 2023 2,000 (LV) ± 2.16% 41.3% 41% 8% 3.3% 6.4%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Cornel West with Joe Manchin as No Labels Party

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Joe
    Manchin

    No Labels
    Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates[704] August 15–23, 2023 1,000 (LV) 38% 39% 5% 7% 11%
    McLaughlin & Associates[706] July 19–24, 2023 1,000 (LV) 38% 40% 6% 5% 11%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Manchin as an independent vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Joe
    Manchin

    Independent
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News[209] November 10–13, 2023 1,001 (RV) ± 3.0% 35% 40% 13% 5% 4% 2%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Joe
    Manchin

    No Labels
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Others/
    Undecided
    McLaughlin & Associates[208] December 13–19, 2023 1,000 (LV) 34% 36% 10% 2% 3% 2% 13%

    Joe Biden vs. Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Joe Manchin as No Labels vs. Jill Stein vs. Lars Mapstead

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Joe
    Biden

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Robert F.
    Kennedy Jr.

    Independent
    Cornel
    West

    Independent
    Joe
    Manchin

    No Labels
    Jill
    Stein

    Green
    Lars
    Mapstead

    Libertarian
    Others/
    Undecided
    I&I/TIPP[415] January 31 – February 2, 2024 1,266 (RV) ± 2.8% 34% 40% 8% 2% 3% 1% 1% 12%

    Jerome Segal vs. Donald Trump

    Poll source Date Sample
    size[c]
    Margin
    of error
    Jerome
    Segal

    Democratic
    Donald
    Trump

    Republican
    Others/
    Undecided
    John Zogby Strategies[570] October 5, 2022 1,006 (LV) ± 3.2% 40% 39% 21%

    Limitations

    While national polls give important signals on the views of the electorate, the winner of the election is determined by the United States Electoral College, so the level of support for each candidate in each state is important. This is gauged by state-by-state polling.

    Poll results can be affected by methodology, especially in how they predict who will vote in the next election, and re-weighting answers to compensate for slightly non-random samples. One technique, "weighting on recalled vote" is an attempt to compensate for previous underestimates of votes for Donald Trump by rebalancing the sample based on last vote. This can introduce new errors if voters misstate their previous votes. When used for the 2024 presidential election it had produced results closer to the 2020 presidential election than the 2022 mid-term election.[732]

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ a b c d e Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
    2. ^ Kennedy dropped out of the race in August 2024, although he remained on the ballot in most states.
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs Key:
      A – all adults
      RV – registered voters
      LV – likely voters
      V – unclear
    4. ^ 5% neither; 9% undecided
    5. ^ "Third party" with 5%
    6. ^ Oliver (L) & "Blank/null/won't vote" with 0.3%
    7. ^ "Third party" with 5%
    8. ^ "Another candidate" with 11%; Undecided with 4%
    9. ^ With voters who lean towards a given candidate
    10. ^ "Other" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 1%
    11. ^ "Would not vote" with 6%; "Not sure" with 4%
    12. ^ "Some other candidate" with 10%; "Not sure" with 4%
    13. ^ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" and "No opinion" with 1%
    14. ^ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    15. ^ Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
    16. ^ Lars Mapstead (L) with 1%
    17. ^ "Undecided" with 3%; "Someone else" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    18. ^ "Don't know" with 2%; "Other" & "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    19. ^ "Some other candidate" & "Not sure" with 6%
    20. ^ "No opinion" with 2%; "Other" & "Do not plan to vote" with 1%
    21. ^ "Other" & "Don't know" with 2%; "Wouldn't vote" with 1%
    22. ^ "Would not vote" with 9%; "Not sure" with 7%
    23. ^ "Other" with 6%; "Do not plan to vote" with 2%; "No opinion" with 1%
    24. ^ Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    25. ^ "Other", "Wouldn't vote" & "Don't know" with 3%
    26. ^ "Other" with 8%; "Do not plan to vote" with 3%; "No opinion" with 1%
    27. ^ "Third party" with 6%
    28. ^ "Third party" with 8%
    29. ^ "Third party" with 7%
    1. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    2. ^ a b Poll sponsored by Lawrence Kadish
    3. ^ Poll sponsored by Kennedy's campaign
    4. ^ Poll sponsored by Progress Action Fund, a Democratic super PAC
    5. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    6. ^ Poll sponsored by Trump's campaign
    7. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    8. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    9. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    10. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    11. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    12. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    13. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    14. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies
    15. ^ Poll sponsored by Harvard University Center for American Political Studies

    References

    1. ^ a b "National 2024 Presidential Election Polls - 270toWin". 270toWin.com.
    2. ^ Best, Ryan; Bycoffe, Aaron; King, Ritchie; Mehta, Dhrumil; Wiederkehr, Anna (June 28, 2018). "National : President: general election : 2024 Polls". FiveThirtyEight.
    3. ^ "Relaunched: CPR Harris vs. Trump 2024 National Polling Average | Cook Political Report".
    4. ^ "Harris vs. Trump polls - The Hill and DDHQ". The Hill.
    5. ^ Silver, Nate. "FINAL Silver Bulletin 2024 presidential election forecast". www.natesilver.net.
    6. ^ "2024 National: Trump vs. Harris | RealClearPolling". www.realclearpolling.com.
    7. ^ "2024 Presidential Election Polls - Includes Electoral College". Race to the WH.
    8. ^ "Harris Leads Trump by a Thin Margin in Zogby Strategies Concluding National Poll of Voters". John Zogby Strategies. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    9. ^ Canseco, Mario (November 4, 2024). "Americans Staunchly Divided in Close Presidential Race". Research Co. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    10. ^ "Harris and Trump are locked in tight race with 1 day before election". Ipsos. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    11. ^ "TIPP Tracking Day 22 – Trump And Harris In A Dead Heat Just Before Election Day".
    12. ^ "Final 2024 Presidential Poll". Patriot Polling. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    13. ^ a b c "US Presidential Election 2024" (PDF). AtlasIntel. November 2, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    14. ^ "The U.S. Presidential Contest, October 16, 2024". U.S. Presidential Contest, November 2024. November 4, 2024.
    15. ^ "New Forbes/HarrisX Survey: Harris and Trump in Near-Dead Heat 1 Day Before Election". Forbes.
    16. ^ "Harris-Trump race is neck and neck, with significant gender gap". NBC News. November 3, 2024.
    17. ^ "November 2024 National Poll: Trump and Harris Remain Locked in Tight Race". Emerson College. November 3, 2024.
    18. ^ Allis, Victor (November 5, 2024). "Trump Retakes the Lead". Retrieved November 5, 2024.
    19. ^ Langer, Gary (November 3, 2024). "Election stays close in final weekend with a dispirited electorate: Poll". ABC News. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    20. ^ "Final Kaplan Strategies 2024 Presidential Poll". Kaplan Strategies. November 1, 2024. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    21. ^ a b c d e "US Presidential Election 2024" (PDF). atlasintel.org.
    22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "2024 Presidential Election Polls: Harris vs. Trump". Morning Consult Pro.
    23. ^ "HARRIS LEADS TRUMP 49-47 IN THE FULL BALLOT". Echelon Insights.
    24. ^ "TIPP Tracking Day 18 – Trump and Harris Locked in a Dead Heat at 48%".
    25. ^ "Thank You: Access National, Pennsylvania, & Montana Polling".
    26. ^ https://www.rabaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/RABA-National-Survey.pdf
    27. ^ "New HarrisX/Forbes Poll: Harris Leads Trump by Just 1 Point—A Statistical Tie—As 10% Still Weighing Options". Forbes.
    28. ^ "TIPP Tracking Day 17 - Five Days Out: Suburban Voters Hold the Key to a Nail-Biting Finish". October 30, 2024.
    29. ^ "The Economist/YouGov Poll" (PDF). Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    30. ^ a b c "US Presidential Election 2024" (PDF). atlasintel.org.
    31. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 16: Harris Edges Trump In A Tight Race, 48%-47%". October 29, 2024.
    32. ^ "Election 2024: Trump Still +2 Over Harris". Rasmussen Reports. October 25, 2024.
    33. ^ a b "2024 Presidential Election Polls: Harris vs. Trump".
    34. ^ "NPI NATIONAL POLL OF RECORD: Harris Leads Trump by 3 Points". Noble Predictive Insights. October 29, 2024.
    35. ^ "Survey of Likely General Election Voters" (PDF). cygn.al.
    36. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; De Pinto, Jennifer; Backus, Fred (October 28, 2024). "CBS News Harris-Trump poll has closer look inside gender gap as candidates draw even". CBS News. Retrieved October 28, 2024.
    37. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 13: Trump And Harris Deadlocked At 48%". October 26, 2024.
    38. ^ "CES - Vote Preferences 2024". cooperativeelectionstudy.shinyapps.io.
    39. ^ "October 2024 National Poll: Trump 49%, Harris 49%". Emerson College. October 26, 2024.
    40. ^ "Election 2024: Harris Now +1 Over Trump". Rasmussen Reports. October 25, 2024.
    41. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 12: Harris's Lead Shrinks to 2 Points in Tight Race". October 25, 2024.
    42. ^ Allis, Victor (October 25, 2024). "Harris and Trump Tied". Retrieved October 25, 2024.
    43. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 11: Harris Extends Slim Lead to 3 Points in Heated Race". October 24, 2024.
    44. ^ "NYTimes/Siena College". The New York Times. October 25, 2024.
    45. ^ "CNN Poll on 2024 Presidential Race" (PDF). CNN. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    46. ^ https://stadimcdn.blob.core.windows.net/caravan/PollingResults/Big-Village-Political-Poll-10.23.24.pdf
    47. ^ "Clarity Omnibus Survey" (PDF). Clarity Campaign Labs. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    48. ^ "Harris regains slight lead nationally yet Electoral College holds the cards: POLL". ABC News. October 27, 2024.
    49. ^ "New HarrisX/Forbes Poll: Trump Leads Harris By 2 Points—But 12% Are Still Deciding". Forbes. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
    50. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 10: Harris Clings To Slim Lead As Trump's Surge Fades". tippinsights. October 22, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    51. ^ https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/econTabReport_O3e18LR.pdf
    52. ^ "Election 2024: Trump Still Leads Harris" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. October 23, 2024.
    53. ^ "Election 2024: Trump Still Leads Harris". Rasmussen Reports. October 23, 2024.
    54. ^ "US Presidential Election National Voting Intention (21 October 2024)". redfieldandwiltonstrategies. October 22, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    55. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 9: Trump And Harris Tied At 48%". tippinsights. October 22, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    56. ^ "US Presidential Election National Voting Intention (21 October 2024)" (PDF). YouGov. October 22, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    57. ^ Lange, Jason (October 22, 2024). "Harris holds 46%-43% lead over Trump amid voter gloom, Reuters/Ipsos poll finds". Reuters. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
    58. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 8: Trump Leads Harris 48%-47%". tippinsights. October 21, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    59. ^ "Presidential election is a dead heat though Trump leads Harris big on economy, says CNBC survey". CNBC. October 23, 2024. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
    60. ^ "Suffolk University/USA TODAY" (PDF). October 21, 2024. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
    61. ^ a b c "US Presidential Election 2024" (PDF). atlasintel.org.
    62. ^ Allis, Victor (October 18, 2024). "Trump Extends Lead". ActiVote. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
    63. ^ "October 2024 Tracking National Poll: Harris 49%, Trump 48%". Emerson College. October 18, 2024.
    64. ^ "Election 2024: Trump, Harris Now Tied at 48%". Rasmussen Reports.
    65. ^ "TIPP Tracking Poll Day 3: Harris Widens Popular Vote Lead, While Trump Maintains Edge in Electoral Projections". October 16, 2024.
    66. ^ https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/econTabReport_ycklxBQ.pdf
    67. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 48%, Harris 47%". Rasmussen Reports.
    68. ^ "Fox News Poll: Trump ahead of Harris by 2 points nationally". Fox News. October 16, 2024.
    69. ^ "FDU Poll finds Trump Support Depends on Being Seen as Masculine". October 16, 2024.
    70. ^ "Key Results – October".
    71. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; Backus, Fred; Pinto, Jennifer De (October 14, 2024). "CBS News Trump-Harris poll shows one election, two worlds: How information, beliefs shape tight campaign - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com.
    72. ^ "The U.S. Presidential Contest, October 16, 2024". Morning Consult Pro.
    73. ^ "NATIONAL POLL: Harris 50% Trump 47%". October 11, 2024.
    74. ^ "National IVF Insurance Study".
    75. ^ "Economic discontent, issue divisions add up to tight presidential contest: POLL". ABC News.
    76. ^ "'Dead heat': Trump pulls even with Harris in NBC News poll". NBC News. October 13, 2024.
    77. ^ Allis, Victor (October 9, 2024). "Trump Takes the Lead". ActiVote. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
    78. ^ "Harris Leads Trump in 2024 United States Nationwide Vote". October 7, 2024.
    79. ^ "How voters see the Harris-Trump matchup". October 10, 2024.
    80. ^ "NYTimes/Siena College". The New York Times.
    81. ^ a b "Dead Cat Bounce Or Lasting Shift?". tippinsights. September 14, 2024.
    82. ^ Big Village
    83. ^ "New Yahoo News/YouGov poll: Trump-Harris race tightens after Vance debate 'win'". Yahoo News. October 7, 2024.
    84. ^ "Harris Leads Trump by 3, Improves Standing on Economic Issues". October 4, 2024.
    85. ^ "NATIONAL POLL: Harris 49% Trump 49%". Napolitan Institute. October 5, 2024.
    86. ^ "Election 2024: Trump Still +2 Over Harris". Rasmussen Reports.
    87. ^ "Harris Barely Ahead of Trump – ActiVote".
    88. ^ Mumford, Camille (October 3, 2024). "October 2024 National Poll: Harris 50%, Trump 48%". Emerson Polling.
    89. ^ "YouGov/The Economist" (PDF).
    90. ^ "Home of the Marist Poll | Polls, Analysis, Learning, and More". maristpoll.marist.edu.
    91. ^ @SusquehannaPR (October 2, 2024). "K. Harris with a 5-pt., 49:44 lead nationally. over D. Trump" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    92. ^ Léger
    93. ^ "Harris continues to lead by 6". Outward Intelligence. September 26, 2024.
    94. ^ "Harris now leads Trump by a seven-point margin in a head-to-head matchup — 52-45". Echelon Insights. September 25, 2024.
    95. ^ Big Village
    96. ^ "Questions - Election 2024 -September 19 and 22-25, 2024". Rasmussen Reports.
    97. ^ "The Economist YouGov Poll September 21- 24, 2024 - 1622 U.S. Adult Citizens" (PDF). d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net.
    98. ^ Clarity Campaign Labs
    99. ^ Lange, Jason (September 24, 2024). "Exclusive: Harris widens lead over Trump to 47%-40%, Reuters/Ipsos poll finds". Reuters.
    100. ^ "2024 Presidential Race: Can't Get Much Closer, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; 64% Want To See The Two Candidates Debate Again". Quinnipiac University. September 24, 2024.
    101. ^ Agiesta, Jennifer; Edwards-Levy, Ariel; Wu, Edward (September 24, 2024). "CNN Poll: Harris and Trump locked in exceedingly close presidential race". CNN.
    102. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; Backus, Fred; De Pinto, Jennifer; Khanna, Kabir (September 22, 2024). "Harris shows some gains and economic views brighten a bit — CBS News poll". CBS News.
    103. ^ "Harris 50% Trump 48%". Napolitan Institute. September 20, 2024.
    104. ^ "Harris maintains lead over Trump". Outward Intelligence. September 19, 2024.
    105. ^ "Election 2024: Trump Still Leads Harris". Rasmussen Reports. September 19, 2024.
    106. ^ "Harris Edges Trump, but Democracy, Tariff Doubts Linger". Florida Atlantic University. September 19, 2024.
    107. ^ "The Economist/YouGov Poll" (PDF). YouGov.
    108. ^ Murray, Mark (September 22, 2024). "Poll: Newly popular Harris builds momentum, challenging Trump for the mantle of change". NBC News.
    109. ^ Allis, Victor (September 18, 2024). "Harris Widens Lead After Debate". ActiVote.
    110. ^ Blanton, Dana (September 18, 2024). "Fox News Poll: Harris tops Trump by two points". Fox News.
    111. ^ Reid, Angus (September 16, 2024). "Harris leads Trump by four points; White and non-White voters at odds with seven weeks until Election Day -". angusreid.org.
    112. ^ Crilly, Rob (September 17, 2024). "Harris takes lead over Trump for the first time in Daily Mail poll". Mail Online.
    113. ^ Goldmacher, Shane; Igielnik, Ruth (September 19, 2024). "Harris Had Stronger Debate, Polls Find, but the Race Remains Deadlocked". New York Times. Archived from the original on September 23, 2024.
    114. ^ "2024 Presidential Election Polls: Harris vs. Trump". archive.ph. September 17, 2024.
    115. ^ "Big Village CARAVAN Political Poll 09/11/24 - 09/15/24" (PDF). Big Village.
    116. ^ "NATIONAL: SMALL MOVEMENT POST-DEBATE". Monmouth University. September 17, 2024.
    117. ^ "DATA FOR PROGRESS" (PDF). www.filesforprogress.org.
    118. ^ "ABC NEWS/IPSOS POLL: After the Harris-Trump Debate" (PDF). www.langerresearch.com.
    119. ^ "New Yahoo News/YouGov poll: After debate, Harris surges to 5-point lead over Trump among registered voters in head-to-head matchup". Yahoo News. September 14, 2024.
    120. ^ "HarrisX/Forbes Post-Presidential Debate Poll (11th to 13th September)". elections.harrisx.com. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
    121. ^ Lange, Jason (September 24, 2024). "Exclusive: Harris widens lead over Trump to 47%-40%, Reuters/Ipsos poll finds". Reuters.
    122. ^ a b "USA: National | AtlasIntel". atlasintel.org.
    123. ^ "Harris Extends Lead Over Trump After First Presidential Debate". Morning Consult Pro.
    124. ^ "REPORT Presidential Debate September 10th". leger360.com.
    125. ^ "Harris 51% Trump 47%". September 13, 2024.
    126. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 49%, Harris 47%".
    127. ^ "Big Village CARAVAN Political Poll 09/06/24- 09/08/24" (PDF). survey.mrxsurveys.com.
    128. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 47%, Harris 46%". The New York Times. September 8, 2024.
    129. ^ a b "HARVARD HARRIS CAPS POLL" (PDF). harvardharrispoll.com.
    130. ^ "Harris 50% Trump 48%". September 6, 2024.
    131. ^ "The U.S Presidential Contest (September 2024)".
    132. ^ "Harris leads by 6 points". Outward Intelligence.
    133. ^ Mumford, Camille (September 5, 2024). "September 2024 National Poll: Harris 49%, Trump 47%". Emerson Polling.
    134. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 47%, Harris 46%".
    135. ^ "In Tied Presidential Race, Harris and Trump Have Contrasting Strengths, Weaknesses". September 9, 2024.
    136. ^ "Harris Hangs On To Overall Lead, But Trump Maintains His Hold On Vital 'Swing States': I&I/TIPP Poll". tippinsights. September 2, 2024.
    137. ^ "Harris leads by 5 points".
    138. ^ "Harris leads Trump 50% to 47%". August 30, 2024.
    139. ^ "Exclusive: Kamala Harris surges ahead of Donald Trump in latest poll taken after DNC". USA Today.
    140. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 48%, Harris 46%".
    141. ^ Zitner, Aaron (August 29, 2024). "Harris Has Taken Narrow Lead Over Trump, WSJ Poll Finds". Wall Street Journal.
    142. ^ "Clarity Omnibus Survey" (PDF). static1.squarespace.com.
    143. ^ "Video What the latest ABC News-Ipsos poll tells us about the state of the race". ABC News.
    144. ^ "2024 Race: Harris and Trump Neck and Neck as RFK Jr. Exits Presidential Race, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Nearly 7 in 10 Think America's Best Days Are Yet to Come | Quinnipiac University Poll". August 29, 2024.
    145. ^ "New Yahoo News/YouGov poll: A huge surge in Democratic optimism — but no big bounce for Harris — after the DNC". August 27, 2024.
    146. ^ "Echelon Insights August Verified Voter Omnibus". August 26, 2024.
    147. ^ "FAU/Mainstreet USA Poll: Harris Gains Momentum, Independents Shift in the Wake of the DNC – FAU PolCom Lab". Retrieved August 27, 2024.
    148. ^ "Leger Report". leger360.com.
    149. ^ "National poll Kamala Harris Leads Donald Trump Post Debate". August 25, 2024.
    150. ^ "Harris Has Steady Lead – ActiVote".
    151. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 49%, Harris 46%".
    152. ^ Schipper, Dina (August 23, 2024). "FDU Poll Finds Race and Gender Push Harris Above Trump Nationally". Fairleigh Dickinson University.
    153. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; Pinto, Jennifer De; Backus, Fred; Khanna, Kabir (August 18, 2024). "CBS News poll: Gender gap, enthusiasm, economy make for tight Harris-Trump race on Democratic convention eve - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com.
    154. ^ a b "Harris Leads Trump by 6 Points Nationally Before Democratic National Convention".
    155. ^ a b "August 2024 National Poll: Harris 50%, Trump 46%". August 15, 2024.
    156. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 49%, Harris 45%".
    157. ^ "Harris Leaps Ahead of Trump – ActiVote".
    158. ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
    159. ^ a b "Fox News Poll: New matchup, same result — Trump bests Harris by one point". Fox News. August 14, 2024.
    160. ^ Insights, Quantus (August 10, 2024). "2024 Presidential Race: Harris Holds Small Lead Over Trump In Competitive Presidential Race".
    161. ^ a b "Election 2024: Trump 49%, Harris 44%, RFK Jr. 3%". www.rasmussenreports.com.
    162. ^ "Ipsos/Reuters". Reuters.
    163. ^ a b "Harris and Trump Essentially Tied – ActiVote".
    164. ^ "SurveyUSA Election Poll #27220". www.surveyusa.com.
    165. ^ a b NPR/PBS News/Marist College
    166. ^ Liesman, Steve (August 8, 2024). "Trump holds 2-point lead over Harris with a big advantage on economy, CNBC survey shows". CNBC.
    167. ^ Jones, Terry (August 5, 2024). "Trump, Harris Neck And Neck, But Her Post-Biden 'Honeymoon' With Voters Might Not Last: I&I/TIPP Poll". Issues & Insights.
    168. ^ Salvanto, Anthony; Pinto, Jennifer De; Khanna, Kabir; Backus, Fred (August 4, 2024). "Boosts in Democratic excitement help Harris reset the race against Trump — CBS News poll - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com.
    169. ^ "Marquette Law School Poll – A Comprehensive Look at the Wisconsin Vote".
    170. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 49%, Harris 44%". www.rasmussenreports.com.
    171. ^ "Civiqs/Daily Kos" (PDF).
    172. ^ a b "Trump Extends Lead over Harris – ActiVote".
    173. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    174. ^ Leger
    175. ^ "Reuters/Ipsos". Reuters.
    176. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    177. ^ "July 30, 2024 – FAU PolCom Lab".
    178. ^ Korzinski, David (July 27, 2024). "Game Change: Invigorated young Democrats give Harris slight lead over Trump -". angusreid.org.
    179. ^ Wall Street Journal
    180. ^ @atlas_intel (July 27, 2024). "In a head-to-head scenario, excluding third-party candidates, Trump leads Harris by 2.1 pp" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    181. ^ a b Bushard, Brian. "Harris Nearly Cuts Trump's Lead In New Polls—Revealing Tighter Race Than Week Before". Forbes.
    182. ^ a b New York Times/Siena College
    183. ^ "44% of registered voters say they're more motivated to vote after Biden's withdrawal: Betsy App". CNBC. July 25, 2024.
    184. ^ "Election 2024: Trump 50%, Harris 43%". www.rasmussenreports.com.
    185. ^ Agiesta, Ariel Edwards-Levy, Jennifer (July 24, 2024). "CNN Poll: Harris improves on Biden's performance against Trump in early look at new matchup | CNN Politics". CNN.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    186. ^ a b "Reuters/Ipsos". Reuters.
    187. ^ "Trump Narrowly Ahead of Harris – ActiVote".
    188. ^ Morning Consult
    189. ^ North Star Opinion/American Greatness
    190. ^ Yahoo News
    191. ^ MainStreet Research
    192. ^ Echelon Insights
    193. ^ Forbes/HarrisX
    194. ^ CBS News
    195. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    196. ^ a b c d e f NPR/PBS News/Marist College
    197. ^ a b c d e Fox News
    198. ^ a b c NBC News
    199. ^ a b c ABC News/The Washington Post/Ipsos
    200. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Emerson College
    201. ^ a b c d e Bendixen & Amandi International (D)
    202. ^ a b c d Daily Mail/J.L. Partners
    203. ^ a b c d e f g Reuters/Ipsos
    204. ^ Yahoo News/YouGov
    205. ^ a b c d e f Forbes/HarrisX
    206. ^ a b c d e f CNN/SSRS
    207. ^ a b c McLaughlin & Associates
    208. ^ a b c McLaughlin & Associates
    209. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News
    210. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harvard/Harris
    211. ^ a b c d e f Harvard/Harris
    212. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    213. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    214. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    215. ^ a b c d e f Harvard/Harris
    216. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    217. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    218. ^ a b c d YouGov/Yahoo News
    219. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    220. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    221. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    222. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    223. ^ a b c d e f g Public Policy Polling (D)
    224. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    225. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    226. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    227. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    228. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    229. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    230. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    231. ^ a b c Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    232. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    233. ^ a b Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    234. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    235. ^ a b Harvard/Harris
    236. ^ a b Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    237. ^ a b Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    238. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    239. ^ a b Refield & Wilton Strategies
    240. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    241. ^ a b Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    242. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    243. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    244. ^ a b c YouGov/Yahoo News
    245. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    246. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    247. ^ a b c d Echelon Insights
    248. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    249. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    250. ^ a b c d e f YouGov/Yahoo News
    251. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    252. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    253. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    254. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    255. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    256. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    257. ^ a b c d McLaughlin & Associates
    258. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    259. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    260. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    261. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    262. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    263. ^ a b c McLaughlin & Associates
    264. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    265. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    266. ^ a b c Schoen Cooperman Research
    267. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    268. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    269. ^ a b c McLaughlin & Associates
    270. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    271. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    272. ^ a b c McLaughlin & Associates
    273. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    274. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    275. ^ a b c d Harvard/Harris
    276. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    277. ^ a b Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    278. ^ McLaughlin & Associates
    279. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    280. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    281. ^ McLaughlin & Associates
    282. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    283. ^ McLaughlin & Associates
    284. ^ McLaughlin & Associates
    285. ^ "Key Results - October".
    286. ^ "'Dead heat': Trump pulls even with Harris in NBC News poll". NBC News. October 15, 2024.
    287. ^ "2024 Presidential Race: Can't Get Much Closer, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; 64% Want to See the Two Candidates Debate Again | Quinnipiac University Poll". September 24, 2024.
    288. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    289. ^ "Nationwide Likely Voters Polling - August 14 2024".
    290. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    291. ^ CBS News/YouGov
    292. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    293. ^ Leger
    294. ^ @atlas_intel (July 27, 2024). "Vice-President Kamala Harris appears 1.6 pp behind Donald Trump" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    295. ^ Wall Street Journal
    296. ^ Big Village
    297. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    298. ^ NPR/PBS
    299. ^ a b The Economist/YouGov
    300. ^ [1]
    301. ^ Pew Research
    302. ^ @RMG_Research (August 2, 2024). "@KamalaHarris 47% @realDonaldTrump 42% @RobertKennedyJr 6%" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    303. ^ Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    304. ^ @RMG_Research (July 24, 2024). "When we push to see how people lean, it's Trump 48% Harris 46% Kennedy 2%" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
    305. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    306. ^ Morning Consult
    307. ^ Forbes/HarrisX
    308. ^ Activote
    309. ^ Survey USA
    310. ^ a b The Center Square/Noble Predictive Insights
    311. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    312. ^ a b Pew Research Center
    313. ^ a b Lord Ashcroft
    314. ^ a b Cygnal (R)
    315. ^ Wall Street Journal
    316. ^ a b CBS News/YouGov
    317. ^ a b New York Times/Siena College
    318. ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
    319. ^ a b Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
    320. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    321. ^ Morning Consult
    322. ^ Data for Progress (D)
    323. ^ SurveyUSA
    324. ^ Leger/New York Post
    325. ^ a b I&I/TIPP
    326. ^ a b New York Times/Siena College
    327. ^ a b Leger/New York Post
    328. ^ Quinnipiac University
    329. ^ CBS News/YouGov
    330. ^ a b ActiVote
    331. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    332. ^ a b Fox News
    333. ^ Echelon Insights
    334. ^ NPR/PBS
    335. ^ a b c d e f Reuters/Ipsos
    336. ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
    337. ^ CBS News/YouGov
    338. ^ a b c Cygnal (R)
    339. ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
    340. ^ a b Emerson College
    341. ^ ActiVote
    342. ^ Navigator Research
    343. ^ Morning Consult
    344. ^ Survey Monkey/The 19th
    345. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    346. ^ a b I&I/TIPP
    347. ^ a b Leger/The Canadian Press
    348. ^ NPR/PBS
    349. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    350. ^ a b Emerson College
    351. ^ a b ActiVote
    352. ^ a b Quinnipiac University
    353. ^ a b Harvard-Harris
    354. ^ a b Cygnal (R)
    355. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    356. ^ Marquette Law University
    357. ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
    358. ^ Fox News
    359. ^ a b Ipsos
    360. ^ RMG Research
    361. ^ a b I&I/TIPP
    362. ^ a b Data for Progress (D)/Zeteo
    363. ^ KFF
    364. ^ ABC News
    365. ^ a b ActiVote
    366. ^ a b Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
    367. ^ a b Leger/The Canadian Press
    368. ^ a b c HarrisX/Harris
    369. ^ NPR/PBS
    370. ^ a b CNN/SSRS
    371. ^ Quinnipiac University
    372. ^ John Zogby Strategies
    373. ^ University of North Florida
    374. ^ a b Marist College
    375. ^ a b Emerson College
    376. ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
    377. ^ NBC News
    378. ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
    379. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    380. ^ New York Times/Siena College
    381. ^ a b ActiVote
    382. ^ I&I/TIPP
    383. ^ RMG Research
    384. ^ a b Emerson College
    385. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    386. ^ a b Data for Progress (D)
    387. ^ a b NPR/PBS
    388. ^ Marquette Law School
    389. ^ Forbes/HarrisX
    390. ^ Fox News
    391. ^ Quinnipiac University
    392. ^ ActiVote
    393. ^ HarrisX/Harris
    394. ^ a b The Economist/YouGov
    395. ^ Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
    396. ^ Grinnell College
    397. ^ a b Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square
    398. ^ McLaughlin & Associates
    399. ^ Public Policy Polling (D)
    400. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    401. ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
    402. ^ Yahoo! News/YouGov
    403. ^ Forbes/HarrisX
    404. ^ a b Emerson College
    405. ^ I&I/TIPP
    406. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    407. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    408. ^ a b c d e Quinnipiac University
    409. ^ Marquette University
    410. ^ Emerson College
    411. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    412. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    413. ^ YouGov
    414. ^ Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research
    415. ^ a b I&I/TIPP
    416. ^ NPR/PBS
    417. ^ a b c d SurveyUSA
    418. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    419. ^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
    420. ^ a b c Emerson College
    421. ^ Quinnipiac University
    422. ^ Harvard-Harris
    423. ^ The Messenger/HarrisX
    424. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    425. ^ CBS News
    426. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    427. ^ a b c Reuters/Ipsos
    428. ^ Ipsos/With Honor PAC
    429. ^ I&I/TIPP
    430. ^ Noble Predictive Insights
    431. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    432. ^ ActiVote
    433. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    434. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    435. ^ a b c Quinnipiac University
    436. ^ a b c d Echelon Insights
    437. ^ New York Times/Siena College
    438. ^ New York Times/Siena College
    439. ^ a b c Beacon Research/Shaw & Company Research/Fox News
    440. ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll
    441. ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/CNBC
    442. ^ a b Clarity Campaign Labs
    443. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    444. ^ a b c d Cygnal (R)
    445. ^ Marist College/NPR/PBS NewsHour
    446. ^ a b c Emerson College
    447. ^ a b c d SSRS/CNN
    448. ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll
    449. ^ a b HarrisX
    450. ^ a b YouGov
    451. ^ Leger
    452. ^ a b c Emerson College
    453. ^ Harris X/The Messenger
    454. ^ a b c Echelon Insights
    455. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    456. ^ NBC News
    457. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo! News
    458. ^ a b Quinnipiac University
    459. ^ Morning Consult
    460. ^ Rasmussen Reports (R)
    461. ^ I&I/TIPP
    462. ^ CBS News/YouGov
    463. ^ a b c SSRS/CNN
    464. ^ a b HarrisX/The Messenger
    465. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    466. ^ a b American Pulse Research & Polling
    467. ^ Quinnipiac
    468. ^ a b Morning Consult
    469. ^ a b USA Today/Suffolk University
    470. ^ a b Harvard Harris
    471. ^ a b c Emerson College
    472. ^ Yahoo/YouGov
    473. ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinions Strategies/CNBC
    474. ^ Grinnell College
    475. ^ NPR/PBS/Marist College
    476. ^ a b c d Fox News
    477. ^ SurveyUSA
    478. ^ a b c Echelon Insights
    479. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    480. ^ Marquette University
    481. ^ a b c Morning Consult
    482. ^ a b c d NBC News
    483. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    484. ^ a b c d e f g Fox News
    485. ^ a b c d e f g CNN/SSRS
    486. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    487. ^ Marist College
    488. ^ a b Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square
    489. ^ a b Big Village
    490. ^ Quinnipiac University
    491. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    492. ^ a b Marquette University
    493. ^ a b Morning Consult
    494. ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
    495. ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
    496. ^ a b c Emerson College
    497. ^ a b NBC News
    498. ^ Quinnipiac University
    499. ^ a b Morning Consult
    500. ^ a b YouGov
    501. ^ a b c Echelon Insights
    502. ^ Quinnipiac University
    503. ^ Marquette University
    504. ^ a b YouGov/The Economist
    505. ^ a b Premise
    506. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap Morning Consult
    507. ^ WPA Intelligence
    508. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    509. ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
    510. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    511. ^ a b Emerson College
    512. ^ Cygnal (R)
    513. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    514. ^ a b Premise
    515. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    516. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    517. ^ YouGov
    518. ^ a b c Premise
    519. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    520. ^ McLaughlin & Associates (R)
    521. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    522. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    523. ^ a b Cygnal (R)
    524. ^ Quinnipiac University
    525. ^ a b Marquette University
    526. ^ a b c Premise
    527. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    528. ^ a b Quinnipiac University
    529. ^ a b c d e Wick Insights
    530. ^ Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    531. ^ a b c Premise
    532. ^ a b c d Cygnal (R)
    533. ^ Susquehanna
    534. ^ a b c Emerson College
    535. ^ a b c Echelon Insights
    536. ^ a b c Premise
    537. ^ a b Morning Consult
    538. ^ a b Quinnipac University
    539. ^ a b c d Ipsos/Reuters
    540. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    541. ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
    542. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    543. ^ a b c d e Emerson College
    544. ^ a b c Cygnal (R)
    545. ^ a b Marquette University
    546. ^ YouGov/The Economist
    547. ^ a b YouGov/YahooNews
    548. ^ a b WPA Intelligence
    549. ^ Data for Progress
    550. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    551. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    552. ^ a b Suffolk University
    553. ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
    554. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    555. ^ a b Marquette University
    556. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    557. ^ a b Léger
    558. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    559. ^ a b Democracy Corps/GQR
    560. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Morning Consult
    561. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    562. ^ Benenson Strategy Group
    563. ^ Echelon Insights
    564. ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
    565. ^ Suffolk University
    566. ^ Emerson College
    567. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    568. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    569. ^ Siena College/The New York Times
    570. ^ a b John Zogby Strategies
    571. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    572. ^ Emerson College
    573. ^ ABC News/The Washington Post
    574. ^ Premise
    575. ^ Echelon Insights
    576. ^ a b Marquette University
    577. ^ Siena College/The New York Times
    578. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    579. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    580. ^ a b c Premise
    581. ^ Fabrizio Ward/Impact Research
    582. ^ Emerson College
    583. ^ Echelon Insights
    584. ^ a b YouGov/Yahoo News
    585. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    586. ^ Suffolk University
    587. ^ a b Emerson College
    588. ^ The Trafalgar Group (R)
    589. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    590. ^ The New York Times/Siena College
    591. ^ Emerson College
    592. ^ Echelon Insights
    593. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    594. ^ Emerson College
    595. ^ Echelon Insights
    596. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    597. ^ a b Rasmussen Reports
    598. ^ Emerson College
    599. ^ a b c Morning Consult
    600. ^ InsiderAdvantage (R)
    601. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    602. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    603. ^ a b c Marquette Law School
    604. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    605. ^ University of Massachusetts Lowell
    606. ^ Emerson College
    607. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    608. ^ Wall Street Journal
    609. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    610. ^ NewsNation
    611. ^ Echelon Insights
    612. ^ Emerson College
    613. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    614. ^ a b c d e Morning Consult
    615. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    616. ^ Marquette Law School Archived January 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
    617. ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac". Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    618. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    619. ^ InsiderAdvantage (R)
    620. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    621. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    622. ^ Echelon Insights
    623. ^ Harvard/Harris
    624. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    625. ^ Wall Street Journal
    626. ^ Echelon Insights [permanent dead link]
    627. ^ Marquette Law School Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
    628. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    629. ^ Suffolk University
    630. ^ Emerson College
    631. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    632. ^ Harvard/Harris
    633. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    634. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    635. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    636. ^ Selzer and Company/Grinnell College
    637. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    638. ^ Echelon Insights
    639. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    640. ^ Redfield and Wilton Strategies
    641. ^ a b c Emerson College
    642. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    643. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    644. ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    645. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    646. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    647. ^ YouGov/Yahoo News
    648. ^ a b c d Ipsos/Reuters
    649. ^ "PMC/John Bolton Super Pac" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    650. ^ Wall Street Journal
    651. ^ USA Today/Suffolk University
    652. ^ Quinnipiac University
    653. ^ Marist College
    654. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    655. ^ AtlasIntel/CNN Brazil
    656. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    657. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    658. ^ New York Post/YouGov
    659. ^ Echelon Insights
    660. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    661. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    662. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    663. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    664. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    665. ^ Fox News
    666. ^ USA Today
    667. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    668. ^ ABC News/Ipsos
    669. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    670. ^ Quinnipiac University
    671. ^ Hart Research Associates/Public Opinion Strategies/NBC News
    672. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    673. ^ NY Times/Siena
    674. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    675. ^ I&I\TIPP
    676. ^ The Economist/YouGov
    677. ^ Trafalgar Group (R)
    678. ^ Quinnipiac University
    679. ^ Redfield & Wilton Strategies
    680. ^ Patriot Polling
    681. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    682. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    683. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    684. ^ Change Research (D)
    685. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    686. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    687. ^ Harvard/Harris
    688. ^ Quinnipiac University
    689. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    690. ^ Sienna College
    691. ^ Cygnal (R)
    692. ^ a b Quinnipiac University
    693. ^ Redfield & Wilton
    694. ^ Susquehanna
    695. ^ McLaughlin and Associates
    696. ^ USA Today/Suffolk University
    697. ^ Yahoo News/YouGov
    698. ^ NPR/PBS/Marist
    699. ^ Cygnal (R)
    700. ^ Reuters/Ipsos
    701. ^ American Values
    702. ^ The Wall Street Journal
    703. ^ Emerson College
    704. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    705. ^ Emerson College
    706. ^ a b McLaughlin & Associates
    707. ^ Echelon Insights
    708. ^ Big Village
    709. ^ Big Village
    710. ^ Big Village
    711. ^ HarrisX/The Messenger
    712. ^ Big Village
    713. ^ CNN/SSRS
    714. ^ McLaughlin and Associates (R)
    715. ^ Harris X/The Messenger
    716. ^ Harvard/Harris X
    717. ^ Zogby Analytics
    718. ^ The Guardian
    719. ^ The Hill
    720. ^ Marquette University
    721. ^ "Marquette Law School". Archived from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
    722. ^ a b Echelon Insights
    723. ^ Ipsos/Reuters
    724. ^ Ipsos/Reuters
    725. ^ Wall Street Journal
    726. ^ Rasmussen Reports
    727. ^ a b NBC News
    728. ^ NBC News
    729. ^ a b c Harvard/Harris
    730. ^ a b c d e f g Data for Progress (D)
    731. ^ YouGov/Rose Institute
    732. ^ Nate Cohn (October 6, 2024). "How One Polling Decision Is Leading to Two Distinct Stories of the Election". The New York Times.